Simple Model of Transformer using LTspice

Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012

[object Object],[object Object],1) Model Overview All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Saturation Flux Density B S H (A-turns/m) B (Teslas) Coercive Field H C Remanent Flux Density B r Saturation Field H S Figure 1 , Hysteresis Loop and Magnetic Properties.

2) Concept of the Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ideal Transformer Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model [Model parameters: N, R P , R S and L P ] All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012

3) Parameter Settings of Saturable Core ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Model Parameters: B-H Curve test points Figure 2 , Saturable core model (Default parameters).

4) Saturable core SUBCKT using LTspiceIV All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 3 , Saturable core subcircuit SPICE compatible, the key parameters are shown in bold. Information of Netlist

5) Saturable Core Parameter Setting (Example) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 4 , Dynamic Magnetization Curves. Specification   The data is provided in the datasheet Input the parameter BSAT=500m

5.1) Curve fitting: RLOSS ,[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 0.5 Ω --- 1 Ω --- 100K Ω --- Figure 5 , The magnetizing line difference, RLOSS. H (A-turns/m) B (Teslas)

5.2) Curve fitting: LM ,[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1uH --- 5uH --- 50uH --- Figure 6 , The magnetizing line difference, LM . H (A-turns/m) B (Teslas)

5.3) Curve fitting: BEXP ,[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 2 --- 4 --- 8 --- Figure 7 , The magnetizing line difference, BEXP. H (A-turns/m) B (Teslas)

6) Dynamic Magnetizing Curves Characteristics - Evaluation Circuit and Setting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012

6) Dynamic Magnetizing Curves Characteristics - Simulation Result ,[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 8 , Sine wave excitation Figure 9 , Square wave excitation

7) Basic Ideal Transformers and Their Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 10 , Symbol of basic ideal transformer with The voltage to current relationships. N P N S I P I S V P V S 1 : N + - + - (7.2) (7.3) (7.1) N is the turns ratio of Ideal transformer (above).

7.1) Parameter settings of 1:1 ideal transformer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Model Parameters: Figure 11 , 1:1 Ideal transformer (Default parameters). Figure 12 , 1:1 Phase reverse ideal transformer (Default parameters).

7.2) Parameter settings of 2:1 ideal transformer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Model Parameters: Figure 13 , 2:1 Ideal transformer (Default parameters).

7.3) Parameter settings of 1:2 ideal transformer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Model Parameters: Figure 14 , 1:2 Ideal transformer (Default parameters). Figure 15 , 1:2 Center tap ideal transformer (Default parameters).

8) Saturable transformer SUBCKT Using LTspiceIV All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 17 , Saturable transformer equivalent circuit. Figure 16 , Saturable transformer symbol, the key parameters are shown in bold. Information of Netlist

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],9) 1:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Saturable transformer model Primary current Output Voltage 1 : {N} Secondary current

9) 1:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Result All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Input voltage Output voltage Input Current Output Current Figure 18 , The Input–Output Characteristics of 1:1 Saturable transformer.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10) 1:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Circuit and Setting (Phase reverse) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1 : {N}

10) 1:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Result (Phase reverse) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 19 , The Input–Output Characteristics of 1:1 Saturable transformer (Phase reverse). Input voltage Output voltage Input Current Output Current

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],11) 2:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1 : {N}

11) 2:1 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Result All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 20 , The Input–Output Characteristics of 2:1 Saturable transformer. Input voltage 1 Input Current 1 Output voltage Output Current Input voltage 2 Input Current 2

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12) 1:2 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1 : {N}

12) 1:2 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Result All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Input voltage Output voltage 1 Input Current Output Current 1 Figure 21 , The Input–Output Characteristics of 1:2 Saturable transformer. Output voltage 2 Output Current 2

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],13) 1:2 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Circuit and Setting (Center tap) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1 : {N}

13) 1:2 Saturable transformer model (Example) - Simulation Result (Center tap) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Figure 22 , The Input–Output Characteristics of 1:2 Saturable transformer (Center tap). Input voltage Output voltage 1 Input Current Output Current 1 Output voltage 2 Output Current 2

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],14) Application Circuit Example: Flyback converter - Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 1 : {N}

14) Application Circuit Example: Flyback converter - Simulation Result All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Secondary voltage of transformer Output voltage= 5Vdc Figure 23 , Flyback converter with Saturable transformer model. Output ripple voltage Secondary current of transformer V RIPPLE Input voltage= 24Vdc

Library Files and Symbol Files Location All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 … imulations C:rogram FilesTCTspiceIVibub C:rogram FilesTCTspiceIVibym Copy/Paste into Copy/Paste into ,[object Object],[object Object]

Library Files Index All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Model Library Symbol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],score.sub tfmr1.sub tfmr1_rev.sub tfmr2prim.sub tfmr2.sub tfmr2_ct.sub SCORE.asy TFMR1.asy TFMR1_REV.asy TFMR2PRIM.asyTFMR2.asy TFMR2_CT.asy

Simulation Index All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2012 Simulations Folder name ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Curve fitting Curve fitting Curve fitting Sat_Core Sat_Trans1 Sat_Trans2 Sat_Trans3 Sat_Trans4 Sat_Trans5 Appl

Simple Model of Transformer using LTspice

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Simple Model of Transformer using LTspice