This document discusses licensing challenges with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and proposes a solution from the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). It begins with context on the growth of higher education and MOOCs. MOOCs have low completion rates and unclear business models. CCC's solution would allow course instructors to link to required readings on a content partner's website. Enrolled students could then order and pay for materials through the partner. The partner would invoice CCC, who would distribute royalties to rightsholders while providing reporting. This scalable solution addresses issues like fluctuating enrollment and ensures copyright compliance for MOOC content.

1. Licensing Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
Michael Healy
Executive Director, International Relations
UKSG
Bournemouth 2016

2. Agenda
• MOOCs in context
• What are MOOCs?
• MOOCs and copyright challenges
• CCC’s MOOCs Licensing Solution
• Discussion and questions

3. Colleges & Universities are big business
31 million US students enrolled
820,000 international students enrolled – $24 billion

4. 33.5% of US 25-29 years olds
have a Bachelor’s degree
In 1995, that figure was 24.7%

5. A big business in trouble?
• Tuition costs rose 757% since 1980
• $1.1 trillion of college debt
• 650,000 students defaulted on
college loans in 2011-2013
• 1 in 10 students graduate $40,000+
in debt
• Economic downturn has been
lengthy
• Enrollment & completion rates are
beginning to decline
• Traditional sources of funding are
shrinking

6. Higher Education USA & technology
• Applying new technology to the challenges of mass
education is not new
– New York University opened a broadcast radio station in 1922
– University of Louisville introduced televised lectures in the 1940s
• The term MOOC was first coined in 2008
• The first MOOCs were delivered in 2012

7. What Are MOOCs?
• Massive Open Online Courses
• Large numbers of students enrolling
• Low completion rates
• MOOCs are global; growing in popularity
• Mission confusion; no clear business model
• Several delivery models
– Institution
– Not-for-profit MOOCs provider (e.g. edX)
– For-profit MOOCs provider (e.g. Coursera, Udacity)
Coursera
Edx
Udacity
Udemy
Stanford
Google
Blackboard
Straighterline
FutureLearn
Schoo
Many More…

8. Originally
MOOCs in transition
• Tuition free
• Majority non-credit
bearing
• Mostly open enrollment
• Research universities
• Limited disciplines
• Homegrown content
Today / Tomorrow
• Free & paid tuition
• Credit & non-credit
bearing
• Open & closed (SPOCs)
• All types of institutions
• Cross-discipline
• Homegrown & published

9. Why MOOCs?
• Increase revenue and lower costs
• Promote access to and success in
higher education
• Promote institutions
• Extend reach and brand nationally &
globally

10. College’s attitudes to MOOCs
Source: Survey of College Plans for MOOCs, Primary Research Group, Inc. September 2013
• 57% of college administrators believe MOOCs likely
to have a significant impact (on costs) when improved
Source: Survey of College Plans for MOOCs, Primary Research Group, Inc. September 2013

11. MOOCs are global
• Japan
• Malaysia
• Indonesia
• China
• Finland
• UK
• Spain
• And many more

12. MOOCs example

13. Copyright permission challenges
• Student enrollment
– Huge fluctuations
– Non-traditional student body
• Payment and allocation of course
content costs
• Piecemeal and aggregated content
• Laggard purchasers
• Publisher reporting

14. Majority of colleges
have NOT taken
measures to ensure
copyright compliance
for MOOCs

15. CCC’s MOOCs solution workflow
MOOC Instructor
at Sponsoring Institution Publishers & Authors
Students Enrolled
in MOOCS
CCC Course Materials
Provider Partner
Content Link on Course
Description Page

16. CCC’s MOOCs licensing solution workflow
• Content partner works with professor to price and
produce course content
• Content partner provides a link to their website from
MOOC platform website (or other website)
• Enrolled students order and pay for course materials
through content partner with permissions via CCC
• CCC invoices content partner & distributes royalties to
RHs
• Rightsholder receives reporting in RightsCentral

17. MOOC Description
With Content Links

18. Partner licensing criteria
• Used for a single course (MOOC)
• Course content must be password protected and available to enrolled students
only
• Not for business use
• Offered or sponsored by an Academic Institution

19. Solution benefits
• Users acquire rights at academic pricing established
by Rightsholders
• Students, not the instructor or institution, pay for the
materials
• Scalable for fluctuations in enrollment and participation
• Rightsholders receive distribution reporting via
RightsCentral

20. www.copyright.com/moocs

21. Questions?

22. Thank you!
Michael Healy
Executive Director
mhealy@copyright.com