This presentation provides an overview of the ASTM F963 toy safety standard. It discusses the history and development of the standard, including its adoption as a mandatory rule by the CPSC. It describes the structure and requirements of the standard, including requirements related to choking, lacerations, strangulation, and other hazards. It also discusses the standard revision process and provides examples of how the requirements apply to different toy types and scenarios.
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
2013 Toy Safety Standard ASTM F963, 2013 Safety Academy
1. This presentation was prepared by CPSC staff, has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not reflect the views of, the Commission.
2013 CPSC Safety Academy
Seattle, WA
2. The BasicsThe Basics
• ASTM F963 was adopted – and subsequently
updated – as mandatory rule by CPSC, as required in
the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of
2008 (CPSIA)
– Copyright still owned by ASTM-International – copies
must be purchased at www.astm.org
– Read-only copies available for viewing online when
ASTM proposes revisions to CPSC
• F963 is one of the key requirements for children’s
toys but other requirements also apply. (E.g. lead
content, lead in paint, banned phthalates, small parts,
hazardous substances….)
3. History of the StandardHistory of the Standard
• First version developed by toy industry
and published by the National Bureau of
Standards – 1976
• First version of ASTM F 963 developed by
the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) –1986
• ASTM F 963- 07e1 adopted as a mandatory
standard by the CPSIA – 2008
• Most recent version (ASTM F 963-11)
became effective June 12, 2012
4. ASTM F 963 - OverviewASTM F 963 - Overview
• Subcommittee members from industry,
consumer groups, government
• Requirements based on injury analysis
• Covers toys for children under 14 years
• Scope excludes products addressed by other
standards
• More than 40 sections of requirements
• Annexes contain information and rationale
5. Scope OverviewScope Overview
• Addresses thermal, electrical, and mechanical
hazards of toys, packaging, and toy chests
• Sections for prevention of choking, lacerations,
strangulation, impalement, suffocation, falls,
burns, poisoning, eye injuries, etc.
• Age Grading: Advice for matching toys to
children of certain ages
6. The Standard ItselfThe Standard Itself
• List of other federal rules for toys
• Definitions
• Requirements
• Test methods
• Guidelines
7. Where are we now?Where are we now?
September 2013
• 2011 version added:
– Lead requirements aligned with CPSIA
– Heavy elements (8) in substrate
• Compositing Procedure for Total Heavy Metal Analysis
– Cadmium requirements
– Bath toy projections
– Seat overload testing
– Acoustics testing aligned with international standard
– Elastic tether toys testing
– New figures
8. Mandatory Standard Revision ProcessMandatory Standard Revision Process
• ASTM F963 revisions sent to CPSC for review
• CPSC may reject revisions within 90 days
• Unless rejected, changes become mandatory
180 days after proposal
• CPSC rejected removal of toy chest section
from ASTM F963-08, so ASTM F963-07e1 toy
chest requirements remain in use with current
mandatory version, ASTM F963-11
9. Partial List of RequirementsPartial List of Requirements
ASTM F963
• Sound-Producing Toys
• Battery-Operated Toys
• Small Objects
• Stuffed and Beanbag-type
Toys
• Projections
• Marbles and Balls
• Folding Mechanisms and
Hinges
• Hemispheric-Shaped Objects
• Cords and Elastics in Toys
• Yo-Yo Elastic Tether Toys
• Bath Toy Projections
• Wheels, Tires, and Axles
• Magnets
• Pacifiers
• Balloons
• Projectile Toys
• Certain Toys with Spherical
Ends
• Rattles
• Teethers and Teething Toys
• Squeeze Toys
• Toxicology: Heavy Elements in
Paint and Substrate
9
10. Third Party Testing RequiredThird Party Testing Required
Except in the following circumstances:
• Sections that address requirements for labeling,
instructional literature, or producer’s markings;
• Sections that involve assessments that are
conducted by the unaided eye and without any sort
of tool or device.
• Sections that pertain to the manufacturing process
and thus, cannot be evaluated meaningfully by a
test of the finished product (e.g., the purified water
provision at section 4.3.6.1); and
• Sections that address food and cosmetics;
11. How To Apply the Standard?How To Apply the Standard?
• Age grading:
– matches the attributes of the toy to the capabilities of the child; and
– is used to determine the appropriate tests to which a product must
comply.
• The Commission considers:
– the manufacturer’s labeling on the product, if it is reasonable;
– whether the product is advertised, promoted, and marketed for
that age child;
– whether the product is recognized commonly by consumers as
being intended for that age child; and
– Age Determination Guidelines – September 2002.
12. ExamplesExamples
• Not All Sections of F963 Apply to Every Toy
• Some Sections of F963 Require Third Party
Testing, Some Sections Do NOT require
Third Party Testing
• Clear Examples
– Robert von Goeben, Co-Founder, Green Toys
19. Where are we going?Where are we going?
New Issues and Emerging Hazards
• Nancy Cowles, KIDS in Danger
• Working groups:
– Batteries in toys (Lithium batteries, fire prevention)
– Magnets in toys (Magnet strength, flux index, labeling)
– Projectile toys (Kinetic energy, improvised projectiles)
– Impaction hazards (Nail-shaped hazards)
– Emerging hazards (Projection hazards)
– Toy Chests
20. Thank YouThank You
Panelists:
Robert von Goeben
Co-Founder, Green Toys
robert@greentoys.com
Nancy Cowles
KIDS in Danger
nancy@kidsindanger.org
Pratik Ichhaporia, PhD
Intertek Consumer Goods
pratik.ichhaporia@intertek.com
Moderator:
Neal S. Cohen
Small Business
Ombudsman, CPSC
ncohen@cpsc.gov
Twitter @CPSCSmallBiz
www.slideshare.net/USCPSC
www.cpsc.gov/Toysafety
www.cpsc.gov/GettingStarted
www.cpsc.gov/SmallBiz
21. Safety & Compliance in a
Hyper-Growth Eco Company
Robert von Goeben
President & Co-Founder, Green Toys Inc.
robert@greentoys.com
50. Thank YouThank You
Panelists:
Robert von Goeben
Co-Founder, Green Toys
robert@greentoys.com
Nancy Cowles
KIDS in Danger
nancy@kidsindanger.org
Pratik Ichhaporia, PhD
Intertek Consumer Goods
pratik.ichhaporia@intertek.com
Moderator:
Neal S. Cohen
Small Business
Ombudsman, CPSC
ncohen@cpsc.gov
Twitter @CPSCSmallBiz
www.slideshare.net/USCPSC
www.cpsc.gov/Toysafety
www.cpsc.gov/GettingStarted
www.cpsc.gov/SmallBiz
Notes de l'éditeur
09/23/13 This presentation was prepared by CPSC staff, has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not reflect the views of, the Commission.