Angela Dorothea Merkel (German:born 17 July 1954) is a
German politician and former research scientist, who has
been the Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and the leader
of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000. She
is the first woman to hold either office.
EDUCATION
Merkel was educated in Templin and at the University of
Leipzig, where she studied physics from 1973 to 1978.
Merkel worked and studied at the Central Institute
for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of
Sciences in Berlin-Adlershof from 1978 to 1990. After
being awarded a doctorate for her thesis on quantum
chemistry, she worked as a researcher and published
several papers.
Early political career
In 1989, Merkel got involved in the growing democracy
movement after the fall of the Berlin Wall, joining the
new party Democratic Awakening. Following the first
(and only) multi-party election of the East German
state, she became the deputy spokesperson of the new
pre-unification caretaker government under Lothar de
Maizière. In April 1990, the Democratic Awakening
merged with the East German CDU, which in turn
merged with its western counterpart after reunification.
Chancellor of Germany
On 22 November 2005, Merkel assumed the office of
Chancellor of Germany following a stalemate election
that resulted in a grand coalition with the SPD. She was
re-elected in 2009.
In the election of September 2013 the CDU/CSU parties
emerged as winners, but they need a coalition partner to
form the Government
Honours and awards
1.Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian
Republic(21/03/2006).
2.Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal
Republic of Germany (January 2008)
3. Presidential Medal of Freedom (15 February 2011),
awarded by U.S. President Barack Obama.
4.Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of
Merit (15/10/2007)
5. President's Medal (25/02/2014)
6.In 2006, Angela Merkel was awarded the Vision for
Europe Award for her contribution toward greater
European integration
Michelle La Vaughn Robinson Obama was born January
17, 1964 in Chicago an American lawyer and writer, is the
wife of the 44th and current President of the United
States, Barack Obama, and the first African-American First
Lady of the United States
EDUCATION
•She earned her Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Harvard Law
School in 1988. At Harvard she participated in demonstrations
advocating the hiring of professors who were members of
minorities and worked for the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau,
assisting low-income tenants with housing cases.
• She is the third First Lady with a postgraduate degree, after
her two immediate predecessors, Hillary Rodham
Clinton and Laura Bush
CAREER
• she held public sector positions in the Chicago city
government as an Assistant to the Mayor, and as Assistant
Commissioner of Planning and Development. In 1993, she
became Executive Director for the Chicago office of Public
Allies, a non-profit organization encouraging young people to
work on social issues in nonprofit groups and government
agencies.
•She worked there nearly four years and
set fundraising records for the organization that still stood 12
years after she left.
•In 1996, she served as the Associate Dean of Student
Services at the University of Chicago
Support of Barack Obama US House and Senate campaigns
Although Obama has campaigned on her husband's behalf since
early in his political career by handshaking and fund-raising, she
did not relish the activity at first. When she campaigned during
her husband's 2000 run for United States House of
Representatives, her boss at the University of Chicago asked if
there was any single thing about campaigning that she enjoyed;
after some thought, she replied that visiting so many living
rooms had given her some new decorating ideas.
Melinda French Gates was born in 15august 1964
in Dallas, Texas. is an American businesswoman
and philanthropist. She is the co-founder of the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation. She is the wife of Bill Gates,
whom she met while working at Microsoft, where she was
project manager for Microsoft Bob, Microsoft
Encarta and Expedia.
EDUCATION
She graduated as valedictorian from Ursuline Academy of
Dallas in 1982. Gates earned a bachelor's
degree in computer science and economics from Duke
University in 1986 and an MBA from Duke's Fuqua School
of Business in 1987. She was a member of the Kappa Alpha
Theta sorority, Beta Rho Chapter, at Duke University.
CARRER
She joined Microsoft and participated in the development
of many of Microsoft’s multimedia products
including Publisher, Microsoft Bob, Encarta, and Expedia.
In 1994, she married Bill Gates in a private ceremony held
in Lanai, Hawaii. Shortly thereafter, she left Microsoft to
focus on starting and raising her family. Her last position
was Microsoft’s General Manager of Information Products.
Gates served as a member of Duke University's board of
trustees from 1996 to 2003. Gates attends Bilderberg
Group conferences and holds a seat on the board of
directors of the Washington Post company. She retired
from the board of Drugstore.com in August 2006 to spend
more time working for the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation.
Awards and recognition
•2002, Melinda and Bill Gates received the Award for
Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an
award given out annually by Jefferson Awards
•received the Spanish Prince of Asturias Award for
International Cooperation on May 4, 2006 in recognition of
their world impact through charitable giving
Sonia Gandhi born 9 December 1946 is an Italy-
born Indian politician,
who has served as President of the
Indian National Congress party since 1998.
She is the widow of former Prime Minister of India,
Rajiv Gandhi who belonged to the Nehru–Gandhi family.
EARLY LIFE
In 1964, she went to study English at the Bell Educational
Trust's language school in the city of Cambridge. She met Rajiv
Gandhi, who was enrolled in Trinity College at the University of
Cambridge in 1965 at a Greek restaurant (the Varsity
Restaurant) while working there as a waitress to make ends
meet. Sonia and Rajiv Gandhi married in 1968, in a Hindu
ceremony following which she moved into the house of her
mother-in-law and then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.
POLTICAL CAREER
After her husband's assassination in 1991, she was invited
by Congress leaders to take over the government but she
refused and publicly stayed away from politics amidst
constant prodding from the party. She finally agreed to join
politics in 1997; in 1998, she was elected President of the
Congress.
Congress President
In May 1999, three senior leaders of the party (Sharad
Pawar, P. A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her
right to try to become India's Prime Minister because of her
foreign origins. In response, she offered to resign as party
leader, resulting in an outpouring of support and the
expulsion from the party of the three rebels who went on to
form the Nationalist Congress Party.
Within 62 days of joining as a primary member, she was
offered the party President post which she accepted. She
contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, Karnataka
and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999. In Bellary she defeated
veteran BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj. In 2004 and 2009, she
was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from Rae Bareli in Uttar
Pradesh.
Leader of the Opposition
She was elected the Leader of the Opposition of the 13th
Lok Sabha in 1999. When the BJP-led NDA formed a
government under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office
of the Leader of Opposition. As Leader of Opposition, she
called a no-confidence motion against the NDA
government led by Vajpayee in 2003.
She holds the record of having served as Congress
President for 10 years consecutively
UPA Chairperson
As chairperson of the National Advisory Committee and
the UPA, she played an important role in making
the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and
the Right to Information Act into law.
•She addressed the United Nations on 2 October
2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is
observed as the international day of non-violence after a
UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007
•Under her leadership, India returned the Congress-led-
UPA to a near majority in the 2009 general elections with
Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister. The Congress
itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was the highest total
by any party since 1991
Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi was born in madras at 28
October 1955
EDUCTION
She was educated at Holy Angels Anglo Indian Higher
Secondary School in Madras. She received a Bachelor's
degree in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics from
Madras Christian College in 1974 and a Post Graduate
Diploma in Management (MBA) from Indian Institute of
Management Calcutta in 1976.
CAREER
•Beginning her career in India, Nooyi held product
manager positions at Johnson & Johnson and textile firm
Mettur Beardsell
•She joined the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and then
held strategy positions at Motorola and Asea Brown Boveri
•Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994 and was named president
and CFO in 2001. Nooyi has directed the company's global
strategy for more than a decade and led PepsiCo's
restructuring
Memberships and Associations
•She is a Successor Fellow of the Yale Corporation
•She serves as a member of the Foundation Board of
the World Economic Forum, International Rescue
Committee, Catalys
•She is also a member of the Board of Trustees
of Eisenhower Fellowships, and has served as Chairperson
of the U.S.-India Business Council.
• She serves as an Honorary Co-Chair for the World Justice
Project. The World Justice Project works to lead a global,
multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for
the development of communities of opportunity and equity.