ANKIT JOSHI SEMESTER 3

1. SAMRAT PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN GOVERNMENT
COLLEGE, AJMER
SEMINAR SESSION – 2021-22
SUBMITTED TO – DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SEMINAR REPRESENTED BY – ANKIT JOSHI
M.SC. FINAL CHEMISTRY SEM. - (III)
CALCIUM IN BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEM

2. CONTENT :-
INTRODUCTION
SOURCE
DAILY REQUIRMENT
ROLE OF CALCIUM
DISTRIBUTION OF CALCIUM
DISEASE

3.  INTRODUCTION :-
 Calcium is a bulk essential element which is a
macronutrient require in a large quantity for healthy
growth development & survivability.
 Calcium in contribute to the physiology and
biochemistry of organisms cell.
 Calcium is divalent cation (0.95A) radius. Since there
is a plenty of it in most natural water.
 Calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide
nitride layer when exposed to air.
 The most common calcium compound on earth is
calcium carbonate (CaCo3).
 Gypsum (CaSo4.2H2O), anhydride (C4H6O3) fluoride &
apatite Ca5(PO4)OH are also source of calcium.

4.  SOURCE :-
 It is an important nutrient the daily
intake is approximately
1000mg/day.
 Widely distributed in food
substance such as.
Milk -27-35%
Cheese -33%
Beans & Lentils -24%
Nuts -8%
Yogurt -30%
Source : Recommended Directory
intake.(by U.S.)

5.  DAILY REQUIREMENT :-
 Age – Adjusted daily calcium recommendation.
(from U.S. Institute of medicine RDAS)
Age Calcium (mg/day)
1-3 years - 700
4-8 years - 1000
9-18 years - 1300
19-50 years -1000
>51 years - 1000

6.  ROLE OF CALCIUM :-
 Calcium is major cation is a structural material like
bones, teeth etc. This biological material consist
largely of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate is
being deposited & reabsorb and as well act as
buffer far body.
 Calcium & Phosphate ion controlled by hormonal
action the form of calcium phosphate that occur in
bone & teeth has some composition as mineral
repitate.
 It also involve in enzymatic system including
regulator of muscle contraction transmitter of
nerves pulse & agent of blood coagulation.

7. o DISTRIBUTION OF CALCIUM :-

8.  Calcium distribution in the body around 99% of the
total calcium in the body is in bone with the remaining
1% present in the extra cellular fluid (0.1%) and
cellular organelles (0.9 %).
 In the extra cellular compartment, calcium exists as a
free, ionized or active form bound to protein and
complexes to anions, such as bicarbonate, phosphate,
citrate and lactate.
 In horses, serum ionized calcium represents 50% to
58 % of the total extracellular calcium.
 4-6% ionized and complex calcium are filtered through
the glomerulus (ultra filterable) but are rapidly
reabsorbed by the nephron.

9.  DISEASE :-
1. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM :-

10.  Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which
one or more of your parathyroid glands
become overactive and release (secrete) too
much parathyroid hormone (pth.)
 This causes the level of calcium in your blood
to rise, a condition known as hyperkalemia.
 Decrease in serum phosphate.
 Raised urinary calcium and phosphorous
from bone decalcification and dehydration.
 The extra calcium and phosphorous is cost
from soft tissue and bones destroying activity.

11. 2. RICKETS :-

12. This disease is characterized by faculty
calcification of bones in children showing
phosphate values 1-2 mg/100
This may be due to
Vit. D Deficiency
A Deficiency of calcium and phosphorous
in the diet.
Poor absorption of calcium from intestine.
Increased serum alkaline phosphatase
activity.

13. 3. OSTEOPOROSIS :-

14.  Osteoporosis means “Porous Bone” viewed under a
microscope, healthy bone looks like a honey comb.
When osteoporosis occurs, the holes and spaces in
the honey comb are much larger than in healthy bone.
 Osteoporotic bones have lost density or mass and
contain abnormal tissue structure.
 De-calcification of bones as a result of calcium
deficiency in the diet.
 Low vitamin D content of the body.
 Fracture of the brittle bones occur even after minor
accident.
 Pain due to fracture of vertebrae which may radiate
round the drunk, to the buttocks or down the lages.

15. REFERENCES :-
Essential of Bio-organic Chemistry :-
By Vinay Prabha Sharma
Biochemistry :-
By Gurdeep R. Chatwal
(3rd Edition)