2. INTRODUCTION
Respiratory tract infection refers to any of a
number of infectious diseases involving
the respiratory tract
It is classified in to 2 types they are:
UPPER RESPIRATORYTRACT INFECTION
LOWER RESPIRATORYTRACT INFECTION
5. ABOUT URTI
Upper respiratory tract
infections (URI or URTI) are the illnesses caused
by an acute infection which involves the
upper respiratory tract
: nose,
sinuses,
pharynx or larynx.
This commonly includes:
tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis
media, and the common cold.
7. ABOUT LRTI
o Inflammation of the air passages within the
lungs.
o Trachea(windpipe),and the large & small
bronchi(airways)within the lungs become
inflamed because of the infection.
• I t divided into 2 types :
BRONCHITIS
PNEMONIA
17. RISK FACTORS
physical or close contact with someone with a
upper respiratory infection
poor hand washing after contact with an
individual with upper respiratory infection;
close contact with children in a group
setting, schools or daycare centers;
contact with groups of individuals in a closed
setting, such as, traveling, tours, cruises
18. Cntd…
smoking or second-hand smoking.
health care facilities, hospitals, nursing
homes.
19. Cntd…
immunocompromised state (compromised
immune system) such as, HIV, organ
transplant, congenital immune defects, long
term steroid use.
21. Cntd…
Traps in URT which
coats by mucus
Junction of the
posterior nose to
pharynx
22. Cntd… Impinge on the back
of the throat
Transport pathogens
upto pharynx
Inflammatory
response to immune
system
SWELLING ERYTHMA
Increasing of
MUCUS
SECRETION
FEVER
26. DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of upper respiratory infection
is based on :
1. Symptoms,
2. Physical examination, and
3. Laboratory tests.
27. Cntd…
o By taking bacterial cultures with nasal swab,
throat swab
o Evaluation of allergies,asthma
o Enlarged lymphnodes and sore throat
28. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
o BLOOD tests
o SPUTUMTESTS
o X-RAYs of the neck
o CT scan
o NASAL ANDTHROAT SWAB
29. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
In physical examination of an individual with upper
respiratory infection, a doctor may look for
1. swollen and redness inside wall of the nasal cavity (sign of
inflammation),
2. redness of the throat,
3. enlargement of the tonsils,
4. white secretions on the tonsils ,
5. enlarged lymph nodes around the head and neck,
6. redness of the eyes, and
7. facial tenderness (sinusitis).
8. Other signs may include bad
breath (halitosis), cough, voice hoarseness, and fever.
30. TREATMENT
There are 2 types of treatments they are:
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND
NON PHARMACOLOGICALTREATMENT.
31. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL TRATMENT
Patients should be encouraged to drink fluids
prevent dehydration & possible decrease the
viscosity of respiratory secretions.
use of vaporization may further promote the
thinning & losening of RESPIRATORY
SECRETIONS
32. PHARMACOLOGICAL TRATMENT
A. NSAIDS such as (T.IBUPROFEN +
T.PARACETAMOL) Dose: for
adults(400mg+325mg) for
children(100mg+125mg) t/d………
B. ANTIHISTAMINES such as
Syp.DIPHENEDRINE Dose: (10-20 ml) for
adults for children (5-7.5ml) Q4h
33. Cntd…..
3. ANTITUSSIVES such as Syp.ROBITUSSIN
Dose: adults(10-20ml), children(5-10ml)
Q4h.
4.STEROIDS such as T.PREDNISONE Dose:
adults (5mg), children(4-5mg) BD.
5.DECONGESTANTS such as
T.PSEUDOEPHEDRINE Dose:
adults(60mg),children(30mg)TD.
34. Cntd…
ANTIBIOTICS.
1. CIPROFLOXACIN for adults (500mg) for
children(5o-15omg)BD
2. AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULATE for adults
(500+125mg), for children(250_125mg)TD
3. TETRACYLINE for adults(250_500mg), for
children(125-250mg
35. Cntd….
Rarely surgical procedures may be necessary
in case of complicated sinus
infections, comprised airway with difficulty in
breathing
36. Some of the home remedies for
respiratory infection?
1. Making steam in shower by turning on the hot
water (without going under it) and breathing the
steamed air.
2. Drinking warm beverages (hot tea, hot
chocolate, warm milk).
3. Using a vaporizer to create humidity in the
room; and
4. Avoid cold, dry air if possible.
5.HONEY can be used.