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Hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients
1. HYPOMAGNESEMIA IN CRITICALLY
ILL MEDICAL PATIENTS
CS Limaye, VA Londhey, MY Nadkar, NE Borges
FROM JAPI JAN 2011
MODERATORDR. AJEET KR. CHAURASIYA
PRESENTED BY
VINEET MISHRA
2.
3.
4. Magnesium
50% to 60% contained in bone
4TH most common cation in the body
Coenzyme in metabolism of protein and
carbohydrates
Factors that regulate calcium balance appear to
influence magnesium balance
Acts directly on myoneural junction
Important for normal cardiac function
5. Low serum Mg caused by
Prolonged fasting or starvation
Shift: Pancreatitis, Insulin administration , Post-
parathyroidectomy
Chronic alcoholism
Fluid loss from gastrointestinal tract
Prolonged parenteral nutrition without
supplementation
Diuretics, aminoglycosides, cisplatinum, amphotericin
6. Manifestations
Tremors, tetany , ↑ reflexes, paresthesias of feet and legs,
convulsions
Positive Babinski , Chvostek and Trousseau signs
Personality changes with agitation, depression or
confusion, hallucinations
ECG changes (tall peaked , flat or inverted T waves ; ST
depression , U waves, voltage loss , wide QRS and
prolonged PR)
8. BACKGROUND
Hypomagnesaemia is an important but
underdiagnosed electrolyte abnormality in critically ill
patients.
There are many studies to find the prevalence of
hypomagnesaemia and its effects on mortality and
morbidity in these patients
Studies have been carried out in intensive care units.
in respiratory intensive care unit
critically ill cancer patient
9.
10. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• To study serum magnesium levels in critically ill patients
• To correlate serum magnesium levels with patient
outcome.
• To identify the primary medical conditions associated with
abnormalities of serum magnesium
• To identify the factors predisposing or contributing to
hypomagnesaemia in critically ill patients admitted in a
medical intensive care unit
• To detect other electrolyte abnormalities associated with
hypomagnesemia
11. PARAMETERS
Length of stay in MICU
Need for ventilatory support
Duration of ventilatory support
APACHE score
Mortality
12. METHODOLOGY
Prospective observational study was carried out in the
Medical Intensive Care Unit(from April 2004 to May 2005)
Hundred patients admitted to the MICU for critical
illnesses were INCLUDED in the study
Patients who had received magnesium prior to transfer to
MICU were EXCLUDED
Blood sample was collected for estimation of serum total
magnesium levels
13. History and clinical findings were noted
Hematological, biochemical and radiological investigations
were performed
APACHE score was calculated for each patient on the day of
admission
Serum total magnesium level (1.7 to 2.4 mg/dl) was
determined by colorimetric method using Titan yellow
Normal deviate (z) test was applied for quantitative data
and chi-square test was applied for qualitative data
19. CONCLUSION CONTD. . . . .
HYPOMAGNESEMIA NOT AFFECTED/ASSOCIATED
WITHMICU STAY
APACHE II SCORE
HYPOKALEMIA
ALCOHOLISM (CHRONIC)
20. SUMMARY
Hypomagnesaemia is a common electrolyte imbalance
in the critically ill patients.
Whether hypomagnesaemia directly contributes to
cellular alterations leading to increased mortality,
morbidity and poor patient outcome in critically ill
patients or it is just a marker of critical illness is not
clear.
Hypomagnesaemia is associated with higher mortality
rate in critically ill patients and is also associated with
more frequent and more prolonged ventilatory
support.
21. It was seen in this study that hypomagnesaemia is
frequently associated with sepsis and diabetes
mellitus.
Although there was a high incidence of
hypomagnesaemia in the present study, its correction
after magnesium supplementation was not included as
a part of the study.
The potential benefit of magnesium supplementation
to prevent or correct hypomagnesaemia in critically ill
patients requires further study.
22. MAGNESIUM ESTIMATION
Specimen: non-hemolyzed serum or lithium heparin
plasma used. EDTA and citrate bind to the Mg.
24hr urine may be used and should be acidified to avoid
Ppt.
Colorimetric method/photometric[TITAN YELLOW]: Mg
binds to calmagite, formazen dye and methylthymol blue
to form a chromogen that is measure at 532- 600nm.
Ca2+ should be eliminated from the sample
AAS- absorbance at 285.2nm
ISE- free Mg with neutral carrier inonophores
23. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Hypomagnesaemia is NOT A RARE
electrolyte abnormality in critically
ill patients.
Hypomagnesemia should NOT be
misdiagnosed as Hypokalemia.
It should be ordered with Na, K
and Ca serum levels.
REMEMBER HYPOMAGNESEMIA
TOO !!
Notes de l'éditeur
As we can see the fluid percentage decreases with the age and also lesser in females
Trans cellular fluidcsf,synovial,connectiv tissue etc