Objective Principle Requirements Procedure Observations Observation table Result and interpretation Additional information

1. Experiment No. 7
Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine
Mr. Vishal Balakrushna Jadhav
Assistant Professor (Pharmacology)
GES’s Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi COPER, Nashik-5

2. Overview of Discussion
• Objective
• Principle
• Requirements
• Procedure
• Observations
• Observation table
• Result and interpretation
• Additionalinformation 2

3. Objective
To examine the effect of saline purgative on frog intestine.
3

4. Principle
Osmotic (saline) purgatives are the inorganic salts with non-
absorbable ion which retains water in the intestinal lumen
due to their osmotic action → leads to the production of
soft or even a fluid stool.
Saline purgatives are the salts comprising of highly charged
ions and do not crosses cell membrane freely. They remain
inside the lumen and retain water through osmotic forces.
They increase the volume of the contents of the bowel,
stretch the colon and produces normal stimulus for
contraction of the muscle that leads to defecation.
Salts belongs to saline purgatives include Magnesium sulphate,
Magnesium hydroxide, Sodium sulphate, Sodium potassium
tartarate
4

5. Requirements
 Animal: Frog
 Reagents: 0.9% to 0.45% of NaCl/ saline (hypotonic), 27%
Magnesium sulphate (hypertonic), Frogs Ringer solution
(isotonic)
 Instruments used: Frog’s board, pithing needle, dissecting
instruments, needle with thread, tuberculin syringe with
needle.
5

6. Procedure
 Pith the frog and place it on a dissecting board.
 Expose the abdominal cavity and carefully trace the small
intestine.
 Make the small intestine into three compartments by tying
threads of different colours in such a way that no fluid can
move from one compartment to the other.
 Inject 0.2 ml of hypotonic solution into first compartment,
0.2 ml of hypertonic solution to second compartment and
0.2 ml of isotonic solution into third compartment.
 Wait for 20 minutes and the observations are to be
recorded.
6

7. Observations
7

8. Observation table
8
Drug Compartment Effect
Hypotonic solution
(0.2 ml of 0.9% of NaCl/
saline)
First
compartment
Shrunken
Hypertonic solution
(0.2 ml of 27% magnesium
sulphate)
Second
compartment
Swollen
Isotonic solution
(0.2 ml of frogs ringer
solution)
Third
compartment
No change

9. Result and interpretation
Hypotonic solution causes the fluid to move from GI lumen
into circulation by process osmosis there by shrinks the
tissue.
Hypertonic solution moves the fluid from circulation to the GI
lumen and swells the tissue.
Isotonic solution did not shows any fluid movement across the
intestinal membrane and no change in the tissue.
9

10. Additional information
Osmosis is the type of diffusion in which there is net
movement of the solvent molecules occurs through a
selectively permeable membrane.
Tonicity of solution is the ability of solution to change the
volume of cell by altering its water content.
Isotonic solutions (e.g. 0.09% NaCl or normal physiological
saline solution) are those with the conc. of solute
equivalents to the conc. of solute inside the cytosol of cell.
Hypotonic solutions are those with less solute conc. and
hypertonic solutions are those with more solute conc. In
contrast to cytosolic solute conc. of the cell.
10

11. ANY QUESTION???
11