physical injuries to the bone.

1. Presented By: Vaishnavi Dhok
3rd year

2. 1. Fractures of jaw
2. Traumatic cyst
3. Focal osteoporotic bone- marrow defect of
the jaws
4. Surgical ciliated cyst of maxilla
5. Effect of orthodontic tooth movement

3. FRACTURE

4. • Most commonly due to automobile, industrial,
sports accidents and fights.
• Mandible is more prone to fracture, since chin is
a prominent feature of the face.
• More common in male.

5. Types of
fracture
Simple Greenstick Compound

6. • More serious than mandibular fractures.
• Causes due to road traffic accidents, blow, fall
and industrial accidents.

7. Le Fort I /
Horizontal Fracture /
Floating fracture
Le Fort II /
Pyramidal fracture /
Vertical fracture
Le Fort III /
Transverse Fracture

8. • Most common cause are road traffic
accidents and physical violence.
• Fracture of the mandible most commonly
involve:

9. • Clinical features:
• Pain during movement
• Occlusal derangement
• Abnormal mobility
• Gingival laceration
• Crepitus on movement
• Trismus
• Loss of sensation of the involved side
• Ecchymosis
• Treatment:
• Reduction and immobilization

10. • Pseudo cyst
• Etiology:
• Unknown
• Trauma – hemorrhage theory
• Origin: Intramedullary hemorrhage following traumatic
injury.
• Usually patient is unable to recall any traumatic injury to
jaw.
• Even a mild injury that patient would not be aware of it or
remember it, is sufficient to cause this cyst.

11. Clot breaks down and leaves an empty cavity within the
bone
Formation of connective tissue and new bone
According to traumatic theory
Hemorrhage in medullary space of the bone
Trauma to the bone

12. Clinical Features:
• Most frequently in young person
• Male predilection
• Posterior portion of the mandible
• Often the lesion is discover during routine
radiographic examination of the patient.
• In the majority of the cases the pulp of the teeth in
the involved area are vital, and this is important to
ascertain , because the vital teeth should not be
sacrificed.

14. Radiographic Features:
• Smoothly outlined radiolucent area of variable
size, sometimes with a thin sclerotic border,
depending upon the duration of the lesion.
• Some traumatic cysts measures only a centimeter
in diameter whereas others may be so large that
they involve most of the molar area of body of the
mandible as well as part of ramus.

15. • When the radiolucency appears to involve the
root of the teeth, the cavity may have lobulated
or scalloped appearance extending between the
roots of these teeth.

17. Lies above the mandibular
canal
Lies below the mandibular
canal
Small traumatic bone
cyst occurring in molar
area
A round or ovoid radiolucent
area associated with vital teeth
from lingual salivary gland
depression of the mandible.

18. • Histologic Features:
• Have a thin connective tissue membrane lining
the cavity.
• There may be presence of few blood cells, blood
pigments, or giant cells adhering to the bone
surface.
• Treatment :
• Surgical exploration

19. • Uncommon lesion producing focal radiolucency away from
normal hematopoietic marrow.
Hematopoietic marrow occur normally occur at the
angle of mandible and maxillary tuberosity
Bone marrow may be stimulated in response to
unusual demand for increased blood cell production
This hyperplastic marrow may extend between
adjacent trabeculae of bone
Producing radiographically obvious osteoporosis and
even thinning of cortex.

20. Clinical Features:
• Women predilection
• Mandible – 85% cases
• Asymptomatic
• Discovered during routine radiographic examination.
Radiographic Features:
• Mandibular molar area
• Radiolucency of variable size , a few millimeter to a
centimeter or more.

22. Histologic Features:
• Tissue removed from these defect consist of either normal
red marrow, fatty marrow, or a combination of two.
• Trabeculae of bone present in the sections are long, thin,
irregular and devoid of osteoblastic layer.
Treatment :
• Radiographic appearance of this lesion is not sufficient for
diagnosis
• Surgical investigation to rule out osteomyelitis, traumatic
bone cyst or other ododntogenic tumors

23. • Develops either after surgical entry into the
maxillary sinus, usually a Caldwell- Luc operation
or due to the obstruction of ostium.
• Implantation type of cyst in which epithelium of
maxillary sinus become entrapped along the lone
of surgical entry into the sinus and subsequently
proliferates to form a true cystic cavity ,
anatomically separated from the sinus.

24. • Clinical Features:
• Middle – aged or older patients with complaint of a
nonspecific, poorly localized pain, tenderness, or
discomfort in maxilla.
• Extraoral or intraoral selling is also seen.
• When content of mucocele is infected, the lesion is called
as mucopyocele.
• Radiographic Features:
• Well defined unilocular radiolucent area closely related to
the maxillary sinus often appearing encroach upon the
sinus but anatomically separate from it.

26. • Histologic Features:
• The surgical cyst is lined by pseudo-stratified
columnar epithelim
• If infection or inflammation is present squamous
metaplasia may be found.
• Treatment :
• Enucleation of cyst

27. • Pressure Resorption
• Tension Deposition
Results in
Results in

30. • Tipping Movement:
Result in ischemia with
hyalinization and/or actual
necrosis of tissue
If excessive and
prolonged
Compression of
preiodontal ligament
Hemorrhage in that
area
Acute tearing of periodontal
fibers and small capillaries
Under excessive force
On Pressure Side On Tension Side

31. Similar to normal tooth eruption
The tissue change induced by this form of
movement consist opposition of new bony
spicules at the alveolar crest and at the fundus of
alveolus arranged in direction parallel to the
direction of force.
The relation between tooth and
alveolus tends to remains
constant.

32. Application of orthodontic force in such a manner
as to cause depression of a tooth
In tooth depression, resorption of bone occur at
the apical area and around the alveolar margin
New bone formation is actually
minimal.

33. • Shafers Textbook of oral pathology : 7ht Edition
• S. I. Bhalajhi Textbook of orthodontics: 6th
Edition.
• Neville Textbook of oral & maxillofacial
pathology: 2nd Edition