A process by which individuals select, organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

1. Organisation Behaviour
Perception

2. Brief Contents: -
 Sensation
 What is Perception?
 The Perceptual Process
 Factors Affecting Perceptual Selection
 Social Perception
 Barriers of Perception
 ` Stereotyping
 Halo Effect
 Self Fulfilling prophecy
 Projection Bias
 Recency Effect

3. What is Perception?
 A process by which individuals select, organize
and interpret their sensory impressions in order to
give meaning to their environment.
 People’s behavior is based on their perception of
what reality is, not on reality itself.
 The world as it is perceived is the world that is
behaviorally important.

4. Sensation:
 Sensation is first step in the perceptual process.
 The initial contact between organisms and their
physical environment.
 Sensation refers to the state when the raw
sensory inputs are registered by our sensory
organs.

5. The Perceptual Process : -

6. Factors Affecting Perceptual Selection: -

7. Perceptual Organization : -
 The process by which people group stimuli into
recognizable patterns.
 Having selected stimuli or data, these need to be
organized in some form so as to assign some
meaning to them.
 Example:- an object made of wood- 4 legs, seat,
back, armrests- recognize to be a chair.

8. Social Perception : -
 Social perception is the process of combining,
integrating and interpreting information about
others to gain an accurate understanding of
them.
 Social perception affects the way we view the
world around us.
 It depends on:
i) Characteristics of the Perceiver
ii) Characteristics of the Target
iii) Characteristics of the Situation

9. Barriers of Perception:-
Stereotyping: -
 The tendency to attribute positive or negative
characteristics to others on the basis of general
categorization and perceived similarities.
 Common stereotypes may be based on nationality,
occupation, physical attributes, education, social
status, politics, gender, etc. .
 Prejudice is a stereotype having strong negative
characteristics.

10. Instances: -

11. Halo Effect :
 It occurs when our impressions of a person usually
is based on one single predominant observable
characteristics.
 Halo effect need not mean overrating positive
characteristics, an individual may be down rated
based on the negative evaluation of his/her
behavior. This process is known as Rusty halo or
horn Effect.

12.  Self Fulfilling prophecy :- It occurs when our
expectations about another person causes that
person to act in a way that is consistent with
those expectations. In other words our perception
can affect the reality.
 Projection Bias :- It occurs when an individual
believes that other person have the same beliefs
and behaviors.
 Recency Effect :- It occurs when the most recent
information dominates our perceptions.