CLOUDRIC TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED - Company

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WORKING CAPITAL - OVERALL VIEW
Working Capital management is the management of assets that are current
in nature. Current assets, by accounting definition are the assets normally
converted in to cash in a period of one year. Hence working capital
management can be considered as the management of cash, market
securities receivable, inventories and current liabilities. In fact, the
management of current assets is similar to that of fixed assets the sense
that is both in cases the firm analyses their effect on its profitability and risk
factors, H differ on three major aspects.
1. In managing fixed assets, time is an important factor discounting and
compounding aspects of time play an important role in capital
budgeting and a minor part in the management of current assets.
2. The large holdings of current assets, especially cash, may strengthen
the firm’s liquidity position, but is bound to reduce profitability of the
firm as ideal car yield nothing.
3. The level of fixed assets as well as current assets depends upon the
expected sales, but it is only current assets that are ad the fluctuation
in the short run u a business.
Gross Working Capital: Gross working capital, which is also simply
known as working capital, refers to the firm’s investment in current assets:
Another aspect of gross working capital points out the need of arranging
funds to finance the current assets. The gross working capital concept
focuses attention on two aspects of current assets management, firstly
optimum investment in current assets and secondly in financing the current
assets. These two aspects will help in remaining away from the two danger
points of excessive or inadequate investment in current assets. Whenever a

3. need of working capital funds arises due to increase in level of business
activity or for any other reason the arrangement should be made quickly, and
similarly if some surpluses are available, they should not be allowed to lie
ideal but should be put to some effective use.
Net Working Capital: The term net working capital refers to the difference
between the current assets and current liabilities. Net working capital can
be positive as well as negative. Positive working capital refers to the
situation where current assets exceed current liabilities and negative
working capital refers to the situation where current liabilities exceeds
current assets. The net working capital helps in comparing the liquidity of
the same firm over time. For purposes of the working capital management,
therefore Working Capital can be said to measure the liquidity of the firm. In
other words, the goal of working capital management is to manage the
current assets and liabilities in such a way that a acceptable level of net
working capital is maintained.
working capital management:
Management of working capital is very much important for the success of the
business. It has been emphasized that a business should maintain sound
working capital position and also that there should not be an excessive level
of investment in the working capital components. As pointed out by Ralph
Kennedy and Stewart MC muller,

4. Determinants of Working Capital
There is no specific method to determine working capital requirement for a
business. There are a number of factors affecting the working capital
requirement. These factors have different importance in different businesses
and at different times. So a thorough analysis of all these factors should be
made before trying to estimate the amount of working capital needed. Some
of the different factors are mentioned here below :-
Nature of business: Nature of business is an important factor in
determining the working capital requirements. There are some businesses
which require a very nominal amount to be invested in fixed assets but a
large chunk of the total investment is in the form of working capital. There
businesses, for example, are of the trading and financing type. There are
businesses which require large investment in fixed assets and normal
investment in the form of working capital.
Size of business: It is another important factor in determining the working
capital requirements of a business. Size is usually measured in terms of
scale of operating cycle. The amount of working capital needed is directly
proportional cycle i.e. the larger the scale of operating cycle the large will be
the amount working capital and vice versa.
Business Fluctuations: Most business experience cyclical and seasonal
fluctuations in demand for their goods and services. These fluctuations
affect the business with respect to working capital because during the time
of boom, due to an increase in business activity the amount of working
capital requirement increases and the reverse is true in the case of
recession. Financial arrangement for seasonal working capital requirements
are to be made in advance.

5. Production Policy: As stated above, every business has to cope with
different types of fluctuations. Hence it is but obvious that production policy
has to be planned well in advance with respect to fluctuation. No two
companies can have similar production policy in all respects because it
depends upon the circumstances of an individual company.
Firm’s Credit Policy: The credit policy of a firm affects working capital by
influencing the level of book debts. The credit term are fairly constant in an
industry but individuals also have their role in framing their credit policy. A
liberal credit policy will lead to more amount being committed to working
capital requirements whereas a stern credit policy may decrease the amount
of working capital requirement appreciably but the repercussions of the two
are not simple. Hence a firm should always frame a rational credit policy
based on the credit worthiness of the customer.
Availability of Credit: The terms on which a company is able to avail
credit from its suppliers of goods and devices credit/also affects the working
capital requirement. If a company in a position to get credit on capital.
Hence the amount of working capital needed will depend upon the terms a
firm is granted credit by its creditors.
Growth and Expansion activities : The working capital needs of a firm
increases as it grows in term of sale or fixed assets. no precise determine
the relation between the amount of sales and working capital requirement
but one thing is sure that an or expansion the aspect of working capital
needs to be planned in advance.
Price Level Changes: Generally increase in price level makes the
commodities dearer. Hence with increase in price level the working capital
requirements also increases. The companies which are in a position to

6. alter the price of these commodities in accordance with the price level
changes will face less problems as compared to others. The changes in price
level may not affect all the firms in same way. The reactions of all firms with
regards to price level changes will be different from one other.

7. CIRCULATION SYSTEM OF WORKING CAPITAL
In the beginning the funds are obtained from the issue of shares, often
supplemented by long term borrowings. Much of these collected funds are
used in purchasing fixed assets and remaining funds are used for day to day
operation as pay for raw material, wages overhead expenses. After this
finished goods are ready for sale and by selling the finished goods either
account receivable are created and cash is received. In this process profit is
earned. This account of profit is used for paying taxes, dividend and the
balance is ploughed in the business.
Working capital is considered to efficiently circulated when it turns over
quickly. As circulation increases, the investment in current assets will
decrease. Current assets turnover ratio speaks about the efficiency of HDFC
Bank in the utilizations of current assets. Fast turnover current assets
results in a better rate
on investment.

8. SCOPE OF STUDY
Scope of the study was confirmed to internal environment only. The study
based on the secondary data collected from annual report, journals,
magazines, newspapers, and website etc.
Financial statement analysis is the process of identifying the financial
position of the company. After duly recognizing the importance of financial
statement analysis of this topic has been chosen as the focus of the project.
Working Capital Management is concerned with the problems that arise in
attempting to manage the Current Assets, the Current Liabilities and the
inter-relationship that exists between them.
The term Current Assets refers to those Assets which in the ordinary course
of business can be, or will be, converted into Cash within one year without
undergoing a diminution in value and without disrupting the operations of the
firm.
The Major Current Assets are Cash, Marketable Securities, Accounts
Receivables and Inventory.
Current Liabilities are those Liabilities, which are intended at their inception,
to be paid in the ordinary course of business, within a year out of the current
assets or the earnings of the concern .
The basic Current Liabilities are Accounts Payable, Bills Payable, Bank
Overdraft and outstanding expense.
The goal of Working Capital Management is to manage the firm's Assets and
Liabilities in such a way that a satisfactory level of working capital is
maintained.
This is so because if the firm cannot maintain a satisfactory level of working
capital, it is likely to become insolvent and may even be forced into
bankruptcy.

9. The Current Assets should be large enough to cover its current liabilities in
order to ensure a reasonable margin of safety.
Each of the current assets must be managed efficiently in order to maintain
the liquidity of the firm while not keeping too high a level of any one of them.
Each of the short term sources of financing must be continuously managed
to ensure that they are obtained and used in the best possible way.

10. NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The project is helpful in knowing the company position of fund maintenance
and setting the standard of working capital inventory level, current ratio ,
quick ratio , current amount turnover level and web turnover levels.
The project is helpful to management for expanding the dualism and project
visibility and present availability of funds.
The project is also useful as it companies the present year data with the
previous year data and there by it show the trend analysis increasing fund or
decreasing fund.
The project is done entirely. It will give overall view of the organization and it
is useful in further expansion decision to be taken by management.
Unless the requirements for production are met, goods cannot be produced
in required quantity. this is possible provided sales are made and more than
sales, the dues from clients are recovered.
working capital recovers the various costs over a period of time. It is used I
planning
for cash flows and for the raw materials and inventories of finished goods

11. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1. To examine the effectiveness of working capital management policies
with of accounting ratios.
2. To study liquidity position of the company by taking various
measurements.
3. To evaluation the financial performance of the company.
4. To make suggestions for policy makers for effective management of
working capital
LIMITATION OF STUDY
The following are the various aspects involved in the analysis of the study:
1. The study is limited to few years performances of the company.
2 the data used in study have been taken from publish annual report only
3 the study in conduct with in a short period during the limited period the
study may not be retailed, fullfledgedand utilization in all aspects.
4 Financial accounting does not take in to account the price level
changes.

12. Company Profile

13. CLOUDRIC TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
Cloudric Technologies Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 21 March
2014. It is classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of
Companies, Delhi. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 100,000 and its paid up
capital is Rs. 100,000.It is inolved in Other computer related activities [for
example maintenance of websites of other firms/ creation of multimedia
presentations for other firms etc.]
Cloudric Technologies Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was
last held on 30 September 2015 and as per records from Ministry of
Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2015.
Directors of Cloudric Technologies Private Limited are Sanjay Kumar Gupta,
Ravi Sondhi, Pratibha Gupta, Satya Sondhi, Kirti Tyagi and .
Cloudric Technologies Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is
(CIN) U72900DL2014PTC266728 and its registration number is 266728.Its
Email address is guptapratibha45@gmail.com and its registered address is A-
10/28, KALKAJI EXTN. NEW DELHI New Delhi DL 110019 IN , - , .
Current status of Cloudric Technologies Private Limited is - Active.

14. Company Details
CIN U72900DL2014PTC266728
Company Name CLOUDRIC TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE
LIMITED
Company Status Active
RoC RoC-Delhi
Registration Number 266728
Company Category Company limited by Shares
Company Sub Category Non-govt company
Class of Company Private
Date of Incorporation 21 March 2014
Age of Company 2 years, 7 month, 2 days
Activity Other computer related activities [for
example
maintenance of websites of other
firms/ creation of
multimedia presentations for other
firms etc.]
Click here to see other companies
involved in same
Activity.

15. Introduction of Cloudric Company
Companies with Similar Address
CIN Name Address
U74900DL2013PTC256409 SHAPING SPACES
CONSULTANTS
PRIVATE LIMITED
936-A, Gali No. 8, Govindpuri
Kalka Ji New Delhi-110019 New
Delhi New Delhi DL 110019 IN
U74900DL2015PTC276682 INNOID HEALTH
PRIVATE LIMITED
47A, POCKETA - 10 KALKAJI
EXTN., NEW DELHI South Delhi DL
110019 IN
U18101DL2000PTC108160 OMEN'S TEXTILE
SERVICESPRIVATE
LIMITED
G-54 A, KALKAJI, NEW DELHI
DELHI INDIA 110019 NEW DELHI
South Delhi DL 110019 IN
U74140DL2008PTC172936 KNOWLEDGE
STREAMZ
CONSULTING PRIVATE
LIMITED
17A, POCKET- 10A, KOHINOOR
APPARTMENTDDA FLATS,
KALKAJI EXTN. NEW DELHI South
Delhi DL 110019 IN

16. CIN Name Address
U60200DL2010PTC198320 RAGYA CAB AND
MANAGEMENT
SERVICESPRIVATE
LIMITED
3A,POCKET A-14,HIMGIRI
APARTMENTSKALKAJI EXTN.
NEW DELHI New Delhi DL 110019
IN
U45200DL2008PLC176924 ALKA
INFRAPROJECTS
INDIA LIMITED
5A, POCKET A-14 HIMGIRI
APARTMENTS, KALKAJI EXTN.
NEW DELHI New Delhi DL 110019
IN
U74899DL1995PTC070438 A N B PUBLISHERS
PRIVATE LIMITED
55 C, KOHINOOR APPARTMENTS
POCKET A-10, KALKAJI EXTN
NEW DELHI South Delhi DL 110019
IN
U80903DL2009PTC193478 MAGICMIND
EDUCATIONAL
SERVICESPRIVATE
LIMITED
A-10/70B KOHINOOR APARTMENT
KALKAJI EXTN. NEW DELHI South
Delhi DL 110019 IN
U93000DL2013PTC250113 WHITE LEAF
CONSULTANTS
PRIVATE LIMITED
N-8A, 2nd Floor Kalkaji New Delhi
South DELHI New Delhi South
Delhi DL 110019 IN

17. Incepted in the year 2014 at New Delhi (Delhi, India), we “Cloudric
Technologies Pvt. Ltd.” are a reliable service provider of Civil
Engineering Solutions, Solar System Solutions, Telecom Engineering
Service, Printing Solutions, Electrical Engineering Works , etc. We are
an ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company and ensure utmost satisfaction of
our clients by rendering these services after proper planning and as per
their precise needs. With firm support of “Mr. Sanjay Gupta”
(Director), we have achieved a respectable position in this industry.

20. Review of the literature

21. Working capital management and firm performance
To the author's knowledge, a total of thirteen papers investigated the
relation between
working capital management and fi
rm performance (table 4).
The first paper was published in 1989 a
nd written by Ravindra Kamath (1989).
103
However,
most of the papers were published in the first decade of this century, with
the two most recent
ones appearing in 2009. Although these papers
all adopt a fairly uniform approach, their
geographical focus varies significantly. Japan, Taiwan, Belgium, Saudi
Arabia, Greece,
Mauritius, Pakistan and Turkey we
re all selected as sample countries, alongside the U.S. The
sample size differs as a result: The lowest sample size covered 29
companies in Saudi Arabia,
the highest 2,718 in the United States. The average sample size was 825
companies. The
database was chosen as a functi
on of the focus country in each case. Investigations in the
United States used the Compustat database. Other investigations used local
databases, such as
the PACAP database for the financial data of Japanese companies. It is

22. worth noting that all
the authors based their investig
ations on data available in th
e public domain, since the purpose
of all papers was to examine correlations between working capital measures
and firm
performance KPIs. None of the authors used empirical surveys to collect the
requisite data.
However, both the independent and dependent variables used a
nd the statistical approaches
adopted to establish the described correlation are not uniform. The same
holds for the results,
for which neither the methodologies used to es
tablish positive or negative relationships nor
the quality of the models applied were as rigorous as they could have been.
On the whole, the
papers nevertheless conclude that successful working capital management
has a positive
impact on firm performance – a correlation that has been established in
numerous papers by
statistical methods.
The first paper in this research area
was published by Ravindra Kamath (1989).
104
The objective of Kamath's academic work was to compare and contrast
traditional static liquidity
ratios with dynamic concepts such as the CCC. Moreover, she also
investigated the

23. relationship between these liquidity measures and firm profitability.
Similarly, the correlation between the current ratio and firm
performance is significantly negative. The authors therefore conclude that
reducing the net
trade cycle to a reasonable minimum incr
eases shareholder value – a sound reason for
financial executives to focus on this topic.
Departing from NTC as the measure of working capital used by Soenen and
Shin, a large
number of researchers in subsequent years investigated the relationship
between CCC and
firm performance. To the author's knowledge, a
total of seven papers have been published on
this subject. Manuel L. Jose, Carol Lancaster a
nd Jerry L. Stevens (1996) started the ball
rolling by publishing their article "Corpor
ate Returns and Cash Conversion Cycles".
107
Their
main focus was to support the hypothesis that
successful management of a firm's operating
cycle triggers superior firm performance. Ar
guing that in the past management focused
mainly on investment and financing decisions, th
e authors wanted to draw attention to the
day-to-day management of short-term assets and liabilities. In line with other
empirical

24. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

25. Title
i )Title Justification
The following study was working capital management Services In HDFC
Bank.
Definition
Research methodology is the technique or a method to research a particular
subject
Research Design-The research design of my study is descriptive in
nature
Sample Procedure : Nonprobability Convienience Sample was adopted
i.e. the most accessible members of the population.
Sample Size : The population of city alone is more then a crore plus
35lacs of moving Population and if we take around 15% as cigarette
consumer, then also it is huge figure .For observing the behaviour of the
consumer ,70 consumer representing different cross- section of the
society were taken up for survey.

26. Sampling Methodology
i) Sampling unit
Sampling is simply the process of learning about the population on the basis
of sample drown from it. It is that part of the universe which is selected for
the purpose of investigation. Sampling may be defined as a part of the
whole, which represents all the characteristics of the whole under
consideration.
ii) Sampling Technique
Personal Meeting with portfolio managers, Brokers, Sub brokers and
Investors.
Using two questionnaires - one for investors, and the other for brokers/sub-
brokers to get the desired information.
While above two are best suited for explorative research, survey research is
best suited for my purpose i.e.for descriptive research.
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION :--
The study made in use of secondary sources.
 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION:-- secondary data have been collected
from various sources involving induction manual, internet etc that were of
considerable help to me,
ANALYSIS OF DATA:
The data after collection has to be processed and analyzed with the outline laid
for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan.

27. This is essential for a scientific study and for insuring that we have all relevant
data for making contemplated comparison and analysis.
Technically speaking processing implies editing, coding, classification and
tabulation of collection data so that they are amenable to analysis.
The term analysis refer to the computation of certain measures along with
searching for patterns of relationship that exist among data groups. To analyze
the data percentage, pie charts, graphs etc are used.
Table 1: Number of publications over time
Year Number of publications Percentage of total
1910 1 0
1920 4 0
1930 13 1
1940 15 1
1950 24 2
1960 59 5
1970 103 9
1980 149 13
1990 220 19
2000 494 42
2010 85 7
Total 1. 167 100
Second, all papers in the academic rese
arch areas working capital management,
manufacturing performance and supply chain perfo
rmance were screened and those that did

28. not contain empirical studies were deselected. A search was made for
papers that empirically
tested indicators of working capital performance, or that linked working
capital performance
to firm performance. Papers that contained the word stem "manufacturing
performance" were
screened for empirical studies that tested indicators for manufacturing
performance. The same
procedure was repeated for the category supply ch
ain performance. In addition, papers based
on small-scale samples or case studies were ex
cluded. As the number of papers covering
supply chain risk research is rather limited, a
ll papers that specifically defined either risk
drivers or risk source items
were selected irrespective of
whether or not they conducted
empirical tests.

29. Short term sources of working capital financing
Bank overdraft
A bank overdraft is when someone is able to spend more than what is
actually in their bank account. The overdraft will be limited. A bank overdraft
is also a type of loan as the money is technically borrowed.
Invoice discounting
Invoice discounting is a form of asset based finance which enables a
business to release cash tied up in an invoice and unlike factoring enables a
client to retain control of the administration of its debtors.
Factoring
Similar to invoice discounting, factoring is a way for businesses to fund cash
flow by selling their invoices to a third party at a discount. Factoring facility
arrangements tend to be restrictive and entering into a whole-turnover
factoring facility can lead to aggressive chasing of outstanding invoices from
clients, and a loss of control of a company’s credit function.
Why not read more about how to compare invoice discounting with factoring?

30. Income received in advance
Income received in advance is seen as a liability because it is money that
does not correlate to that specific accounting or business year but rather for
one that is still to come. The income account will then be credited to the
income received in advance account and the income received in advance will
be debited to the income account such as rent.
Advances received from customers
A liability account used to record an amount received from a customer
before a service has been provided or before goods have been shipped.
Instalment credit
Instalment credit is a form of finance to pay for goods or services over a
period through the payment of principal and interest in regular payments.
Commercial papers
A commercial paper is an unsecured promissory note. Commercial paper is a
money-market security issued by large corporations to get money to meet
short term debt obligations e.g.payroll, and is only backed by an issuing bank
or corporation’s promise to pay the face amount on the maturity date

31. specified on the note. Since it is not backed by collateral, only firms with
excellent credit ratings will be able to sell their commercial paper at a
reasonable price.
Trade finance
An exporter requires an importer to prepay for goods shipped. The importer
naturally wants to reduce risk by asking the exporter to document that the
goods have been shipped. The importer’s bank assists by providing a letter of
credit to the exporter (or the exporter’s bank) providing for payment upon
presentation of certain documents, such as a bill of lading. The exporter’s
bank may make a loan to the exporter on the basis of the export contract.
Letter of credit
A letter of credit is a document that a financial institution issues to a seller
of goods or services which says that the issuer will pay the seller for
goods/services the seller delivers to a third-party buyer. The issuer then
seeks reimbursement from the buyer or from the buyer’s bank. The document
is essentially a guarantee to the seller that it will be paid by the issuer of the
letter of credit regardless of whether the buyer ultimately fails to pay. In this
way, the risk that the buyer will fail to pay is transferred from the seller to
the letter of credit’s issuer.
Long term sources of working capital financing

32. Equity capital
Equity capital refers to the portion of a company’s equity that has been
obtained (or will be obtained) by trading stock to a shareholder for cash or an
equivalent item of capital value. Equity comprises the nominal values of all
equity issued (that is, the sum of their “par values”). Share capital can simply
be defined as the sum of capital (cash or other assets) the company has
received from investors for its shares.
Loans
A loan is a type of debt which it entails the redistribution of financial /assets
over time, between the lender and the borrower. In a loan, the borrower
initially receives or borrows an amount of money from the lender, and is
obligated to pay back or re
Sarda: Cash flow in the haulage and transport industry can be difficult, with
rising fuel prices and high operational costs.
This can cause serious issues for a company when it wants to expand by
acquiring new vehicles or pitching for new business.
Transport finance offers a way for businesses to release working capital,
specifically from haulage and freight transactions, that might otherwise
remain tied up in invoices for long periods of time, allowing them to grow.
Transport finance comes in the form of asset-based lending, usually where
loans are secured against assets (i.e. vehicles).

33. How MarketInvoice can help
We help a range of transport businesses including couriers, hauliers and
distributors to take control of their cash flow, without needing to put their
vehicles up as collateral.
Our online platform gives clients access to funds in outstanding invoices,
otherwise tied up for up to 120 days.
We’re entirely different to traditional factoring. Businesses can sign up
online, sell an invoice and draw down funds on the same day.
No contracts, hidden fees or personal guarantees
Sell invoices only as and when you need finance
Get up to 90% of your invoices within 24 hours
[7:07 AM, 10/24/2016] Sarda: recruitment industry is notably fast-paced and
competitive. Recruitment agencies can specialise in temporary or permanent
placement, with many also offering both services to candidates.
Each of these services can pose varying levels of risk for the recruitment
company and both have different implications for a business’s cashflow.
Temporary recruitment has the biggest impact on a recruiter’s cashflow as
the candidate remains on the payroll of the recruitment firm. The firm must
therefore invoice the debtor for these salaries and is paid on terms.

34. This creates a need for invoice finance, as the recruitment firm needs funds
to pay candidates (usually on a weekly basis), yet often has lengthy payment
terms with their client.
Temporary recruitment
We help and support a variety of temporary recruitment companies to take
control of their cashflow. You can get up to 90% of the face value of your
invoice within 24 hours.
You can find out more about how we help temporary recruiters here.
Permanent recruitment
We can support permanent placement invoices but only funds invoices which
can’t be disputed (e.g. if there is a 50% rebate, then MI would fund up to 50%
of the invoice face value). We usually review the contract between the
business and their debtor first. The business shas to have £1 million in
revenues.
[7:07 AM, 10/24/2016] Sarda: Over the last five years a new breed of business
finance has emerged. The Internet has enabled new, innovative ways to
connect borrowers and investors, and the result is that there is now a whole
ream of options for businesses looking to finance growth.
Alternative finance

35. Alternative to what, exactly? The banks.
It’s a bit of a buzzword, granted. But it is something that the Government has
been championing recently, adding gravitas to this emerging sector. At a
recent conference in 2015, Vince Cable (then Secretary of State for
Business, Innovation and Skills) said that, “The most important single factor
which is going to make recovery from this profound crisis difficult is the
current access to finance for growing companies”.
The Government's British Business Bank initiative has also put its money
where its mouth is, lending around £300m through alternative finance
companies.
“Flexible finance for companies in technology and media”
These new finance providers aren’t as rigid as the banks - they’re much more
flexible about who they will lend to.
There are some business models that the banks just don’t understand.
Traditional banks look for businesses with solid assets that they can secure
a loan against, such as property or machinery. Software houses, design
agencies, media companies - these are just three examples of sectors which
typically don’t have these types of security.
All too often, without the weight of tangible assets on the balance sheet, the
credit scoring algorithms used by the banks spit out an automatic rejection:
a case of, ‘computer says no’.

36. The alternative providers are much more flexible. Being online businesses
themselves, there is generally a much better understanding of these new
sectors. Many of the borrowers on these websites fall into this category -
they would have been unable to access the funding they need from a bank.
So here are the three main types of alternative finance you need to know
about.
Peer-to-peer
This product works in a similar way to the ‘invoice trading’ platforms, with
businesses needing finance on one side, and investors who lend money on
the other. The finance provider simply provides a website and credit-
checking service that connects the two communities.
In practice, businesses can access a term loan without going through their
bank. That means:
A quick, online application process without seeing any bank managers
Less time until the finance is drawn down
Businesses know exactly what they’ll have to pay and how long it will take
them to pay back the loan
Remember, unlike your bank, an alternative finance provider should be able
to process your entire application online and over the phone. They’ll be
available to chat if you need help and, unlike your bank, won’t keep you on
hold for hours.

37. Providers of this type of loan include Funding Circle and RateSetter, although
there are many new names also popping up as the sector grows.
If you’re unsure which companies to trust, a good guide is to stick to
members of the trade body, the ‘Peer-to-Peer Finance Association’, a list of
which you can find here. Their strict guidelines mean members must adhere
to certain codes of conduct.
Crowdfunding
The second category we’ll look at is perhaps one that you’ve heard of.
Crowdfunding is a word that has recently been added to the dictionary, and
you might have seen it crop up a few times in the press. In terms of
alternative finance, crowdfunding usually refers to equity finance, raised
online from a pool of investors.
Providers that offer this type of finance normally vet the businesses applying
and choose the most promising looking business plans to feature on their
platform. Investors then have an opportunity to invest for a small chunk of
equity, and they diversify their risk by investing in a range of businesses at
the same time.
Providers of this type of equity finance include Crowdcube and Seedrs.
Invoice Trading
You might have heard of invoice finance, factor

38. STATISTICAL TOOLS USED FOR DATA ANAYLSIS:
The various statistical tools used for data analysis is as follows:
a) Tables:
b) Bar-chart
c) Graphs
d) Correlation
ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED:
The analytical tools used for data analysis is as follows:
a) Ratio analysis
b) Schedule of change in working capital
c) Cash flow statements

39. BIBLIOGRAPHY

40. Books Reffered:-
 I M Pandey, “Financial Management”, Ninth Edition, Vikash Publishing
House Pvt Ltd.
 Dr.S.N.Maheshwari, “Financial Management”, Second Edition, Sultan
Chand & Sons.
 Ravi M. Kishore, “Cost Accounting”,2008 Edition, Taxmann Allied
Servises Pvt. Ltd
 Current science volume 97 no 2, 25 July 2009.
REFERENCES:-
www.varianinc.com
www.google.com
www.yahoosearch.com

41. Finding
 The employees are happy for being in ‘ CLOUDRIC ‘ in all the ways.
 The training & development program provided to the employees was effective
from the other competitors point of view . The trainers fuscous on the
requirement like insurance knowledge, product knowledge, etc. And actually
these are things where they need focus .
 A regular feedback is given that will help employees to know where they are
lacking and where they need in improve as they goals with the help effective
training programs.
 The basic purpose is not fulfilled, thus these cause lack of awareness among
the employees .
 Therefore, the company should enhance itself to take certain initiative step
from its side, so that training program provided would be improved and will be
fruitful to the employees.