Dr Kapila Ranasinghe, Consultant Psychiatrist

1. Dr.Kapila Ranasinghe
Consultant Psychiatrist

2. DIVERSITY:
o Belief that differences among
people are accepted and
celebrated rather than viewed as
sources of separation.
INCLUSION:
o Belief that everyone, regardless of
race, culture, religion, gender,
language, disability, sexual
orientation, or any other attribute is
included as part of the whole.

3. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
All individuals have an equal opportunity to
make for themselves the lives that they are able and
wish to have without being hindered or prevented by
discrimination based on:
o Race
o National or ethnic origin
o Colour
o Religion
o Age
o Sex
o Sexual orientation
o Marital status
o Family status
o Disability
o Conviction that has been
pardoned

4. SEXUAL IDENTITY:
 It is social construct that describe the whole sexual
behavior
 It is normal to expect to see a wide range of
diversity with the spectrum of human sexual
identity.

5. SEXUAL IDENTITY:
 Sexual identity develops from any number of
influences before, during, and after birth.
 Four distinct and fluid characteristics shape how
we think about ourselves and how we relate to
others as sexual beings.
 This results in variety of identities

6. FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF
SEXUAL IDENTITY:

7. WHOLISTIC SEXUAL IDENTITY

8. BIOLOGICAL SEX:
Classification based on our anatomy or genetics.
Male Intersex Female
o Biological sex is not always obvious
o People born with physical characteristics of both
sexes are called intersex (hermaphrodites and
psedohermaphrodites).
o Not always visible at birth and may not be
noticed until puberty or during unrelated
medical procedures.

9. GENDER:
Describes the psychological and social meaning
added to being a man or woman.
Masculine Feminine

10. GENDER ROLE:
 The roles that men and women adopt.
 It is a collection of attitudes and behaviours
that are considered normal and appropriate in
a specific culture for a particular sex.
 It can also be defined as how we
communicate our gender to others.

11. GENDER IDENTITY:
 One’s internal and psychological sense of
oneself as male or female, or both or neither.
 Some people question their gender identity
and may feel unsure of their gender or believe
they are not of the same gender as their
biological sex or physical body.

12. GENDER DYSPHORIA
Gender dysphoria is a conflict
between a person's actual gender
and the gender that person
identifies himself or herself.
The person experiences
significant discomfort with the
biological sex they were born.

13. SOCIETIES WHO RECOGNIZE MORE
THAN 2 GENDERS?
 North American First Nations Culture- “Two-
Spirited” (translation of indigenous terms
denote “one who is transformed” or “one who
changes”
 South Asian Culture- “Hijras” (physiological
males with feminine gender identity, roles)
 Hawaiian/Polynesian Culture- “Mahu”
(biological male who takes on work and dress
of a woman)

14. GENDER DYSPHORIA PREVALENCE IS SAME ALL
OVER THE WORLD
The prevalence of GID is slightly higher in males
 One in 11000 to 19,000 for men
 One in 100,000 for women
Gender Dysphoria can be observed in
children
 Occurs more often in boys than girls

15. SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
 Is determined by a pattern of romantic,
sexual, and emotional attractions felt by an
individual toward members of the same sex,
the opposite sex, or all sexes.
 Who do you love?
 Who are you attracted to?
 Who do you care for?

16. TYPES OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
 Heterosexual: attracted to individuals of the
opposite sex (straight)
 Homosexual: attracted to individuals of the
same sex (gay, lesbian)
 Bisexual: attracted to both sexes
 Queer: attracted to the same or both sexes
and/or transgendered individuals
 Asexual: not experiencing sexual attractions

19. TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION
LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTTQQI2SA. . .
 L= Lesbian
 G= Gay
 B= Bisexual
 T= Transgendered or
 T= Transsexual
 Q= Queer or
 Q= Questioning
 I= Intersex
 2S= Two Spirited
 A= Allies

20. :
HOMOPHOBIA-
 Making generalizations (stereotyping) and/or
treating a person or a group unfairly
(discrimination) who are though of as gay/lesbian
or bisexual. Also, it is an irrational fear, hatred or
repulsion of this group.

21. TRANSPHOBIA
 The belief or assumption that gender dysphoric
individuals are ‘not normal’ or misfits.

22. HETEROSEXISM-
 The belief or assumption that everyone
is heterosexual and that heterosexuality
is the only “right” and “natural” sexual
orientation
 Heterosexuality is superior to
homosexuality
 It results in the invisibility of anyone
who doesn’t fit into the heterosexual
norm

23. DISCRIMINATION CAUSES SUFFERING
 LGBT students hear anti-gay slurs an average of 26
times each day.
 26% of LGBT youth are told to leave home.
 LGBT youth are more likely to become homeless.
 30% of all suicides are LGBT.
 43% of trans-identified persons attempt suicide.
Source: PFLAG Canada, 2009