Healthy living soils: sustaining increased productivity and ecosystem services

« 4 per 1000 » Africa Symposium
Johannesburg, 24-26th October 2018
With the support of1
Ermias Betemariam
Leigh Winowiecki
Tor-Gunnar Vagen
Healthy living soils: sustaining increased
productivity and ecosystem services

With the support of
“Yield gaps as poverty traps”
Tittonell and Giller (2013)
Investments in roads and improvements
in soil fertility potentially reduce poverty
rates
(Okwi et al., 2013)

With the support of
Soil as key natural capital for multiple ecosystem services

With the support of
The objectives of LDN are to:
• maintain or improve the sustainable delivery of ecosystem
services;
• maintain or improve productivity, in order to enhance food
security;
• increase resilience of the land and populations dependent on the
land;
• seek synergies with other social, economic and environmental
objectives; and
• reinforce responsible and inclusive governance of land

With the support of
Shifting cultivation as forest loss in Africa
Classifying drivers of global forest loss (Curtis et al. 2018)
Counterbalancing future land degradation
• More attention to address past land degradation
• But we rarely anticipate (forecast, model, project) likely NEW degradation
• Monitoring progress & learning for adaptive management (Research)
• Information for informed public &private decisions to optimize the
selection of interventions & minimize trade offs.

With the support of
Tillage: increases respiration: SOC decrease
Harvesting: reduces inputs = SOC decrease
Land use change = SOC increase or decrease
SOC sequestration = Increasing SOC stocks through the increase of inputs
and/or decreasing C decomposition (M. Stocking, 2012)
Inputs
Litter, roots, branches,
microbes
Outputs
• Autotrophic respiration: roots
• Heterotrophic respiration: CO2 respiration of soil
organisms that use dead plant matter as a food
source
What determines the amount of SOC?
SOC: you lose it fast you regain it (very) slowly

With the support of
• Measuring & monitoring SOC is challenging
• Express the uncertainty in recommendations or to validate them
• Avoid transfers decision risk to users
• Using SLM practices as a rewarding mechanism,
behavioral change
Evidence: effects of SLM on SOC

With the support of
8
Ermias Betemariam | COP13| Ordos, China| Sept. 14, 2017 |
Evidence: effects of SLM on the environment
Holistic valuation of SLM impacts on ecosystem services is important

With the support of
Soil spectroscopy
 Rapid
 Low cost
 Reproducible
 Predicts many soil
functional properties
New advances in soil health monitoring
Capacity development is a priority in Africa
(15 countries have soil spectral labs)
• Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)
• EthioSIS, GhaSIS, NiSIS, TanSIS

With the support of
• The Land Degradation Surveillance
Framework (LDSF)
• A systematic field-based assessment
of multiple variables at the same
geo-referenced location
• Allows for rapid assessments of indicators
of land and soil health
• Allows for the production of high quality
maps of key indicators
• Robust statistical analysis on drivers of
degradation
• Can be used to monitor changes over
time
• Field guide available online here:
http://landscapeportal.org/blog/2015/03
/25/the-land-degradation-surveillance-
framework-ldsf/
Using Systematic Biophysical Assessments of Land and
Soil Health: Establishing Baselines and Monitoring
Trends

With the support of
http://landscapeportal.org/blog/2015/03/25/the-
land-degradation-surveillance-framework-ldsf/

With the support of
National Soil Organic Carbon Stock Estimates
Winowiecki, L., Vågen, T.-G., & Huising, J. (2014). Effects of land cover on
ecosystem services in Tanzania: A spatial assessment of soil organic carbon.
Geoderma, 263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.03.010

With the support of
• gdg

With the support of
https://theconversation.com/lessons-from-kenya-on-how-to-
restore-degraded-land-98178
Relationship between low carbon in the soil and high erosion – to
prioritize and monitor land restoration options

With the support of
Maps of Soil Organic Carbon- Decision Dashboards

With the support of
http://landscapeportal.org/tools

With the support of
Healthy soils Healthy crops Healthy livestock Healthy people
Thanks you
Ermias Betemariam (e.betemariam@cgiar.org)
Leigh Winowiecki (L.A.WINOWIECKI@CGIAR.ORG)
Tor-Gunnar Vagen (T.VAGEN@CGIAR.ORG)

Healthy living soils: sustaining increased productivity and ecosystem services

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Healthy living soils: sustaining increased productivity and ecosystem services