paints, types of paint, classification of paints, uses of paints, composition of paints, manufacturing procedure of paints, advantages and disadvantages of different types of paint

1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL
PAINTS AND VARNISHES
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
PROF. DEVYANI TOTLA
PROF. SWAPNA DHAVALE
RAJESHWARI SANCHETI
VISHAKA BOTHRA
VISHAKHA PATEWAR
MAHIMA BADJATE

2. PAINTS
o WHAT IS A PAINT ?
 Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable or mastic
composition that, after application to a substrate in a
thin layer converts to a solid film.
 Paint is a colored substance which is spread over a
surface and is left to dry to leave a thin decorative,
colored and protective coating film.

3. USES OF PAINTS
•It is used to give high class finish.
•It is used to give attractive colors.
•It is used to give pleasing surfaces design and
appearance.
•It is also used to protect the material from atmospheric
effects.
•To protect various substances from corrosion.
•To protect wooden articles from wet-rot and many
other types of defects.
•To make the material long lasting.

4. Basic composition of paint

5. Prime pigments
• Titanium dioxide
• Zinc oxide
• Titanium oxide is the world’s primary
pigment for providing whiteness , brightness
and opacity.
Resins
• Binds or glues ingredients (pigments and
additives) of paint together .
• Resins provides adhesion to the substrate .
• Resins provide durability and resistance
properties.
Fillers
• Fillers are special type of pigment that serves to thicken the film and
increase the volume of paint .
• Fillers are usually comprised of cheap and inert materials such as talc , lime
, clay , etc.

6. Solvents
• The main purpose of solvent is to adjust the viscosity of
the paint .
• Water is the main vehicle for water-based paints .
• Solvent-based paints can have various combinations of
solvents as the vehicle , including aliphatic , alcohols ,
etc.
Additives
• Additive are mixed in very small amounts and yet give a
very significant effect on the product .
• They improve the finished appearance.

7. THE MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
1. Raw material : Resin , pigment and additive agents are
generally major components of paint .
2. Mixing : Resin, pigment and solvent are mixed to produce an
even mill base .
3. Milling : Mill base produced at the pre-mixing process is
sent to the disperser to finely disperse the pigment particles .
4. Blending : Resin, additive agents and so on are added to the
mill base , the dispersion of which is completed . Also, the
colour phase is adjusted with colour materials.
5. Filtering : Blended and toned paint is filtrated .
6. Packing : filtrated paint is packed into a container.

8. Paint manufacturing plant

9. CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
Water based paints :
It is a mixture of pigments ,binder , drier and mainly water .
Oil based paints :
oil based paints are made with either alkyd ( synthetic or linseed oil) .

10. WATER BASED OIL BASED
Water-based paints dries quickly. Oil based paints takes longer time to
dry.
Requires only water for its
application.
Requires turpentine oil or paint
thinner for its application.
Maintains its original colour for
longer period of time.
Changes its original colour after the
year passes.
Water based paints comes in range
of cheap to highly expensive luxury
qualities.
Oil based paints comes in three
finishes i.e. high gloss, satin and
matt.
Can be used on interior as well as
exterior walls.
Can be used on ceilings, doors,
windows, furniture, etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
WATER-BASEDANDOIL BASED

11. Types of paint :

12. DISTEMPER
• Distemper paint is an ancient type of paint made of water, chalk and
pigment, bound with either an animal glue or the adhesive.
• Distemper paint is thin and not durable, but can be made inexpensively
And can achieve nearly any color.
• It is used as cost effective painting solution.
• As the distemper is affected by weather and comes off , if washed , so its
use is restricted only to interior works .
INTERIOR PAINTS

13. TYPES OF DISTEMPER

14. ACRYLIC DISTEMPER SYNTHETIC DISTEMPER
High finish in distemper. Low quality in distemper
In 1 kg covers area of 150-180 sq. ft
(2 coats)
In 1 kg covers area of 100-120 sq. ft
(2 coats)
Brands available: Asian Paints,
Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British paint,
Nippon, etc.
Brands available: Asian Paints,
Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British
Paints, Nippon, etc
Sizes: 1kg, 2kg, 5kg, 10kg, 20kg. Sizes: 1kg, 2kg, 5kg, 10kg, 20kg.
Price: 1100 Rs per kg Price: 800 Rs per kg

15. Disadvantages OF DISTEMPER PAINT:
• On drying, the film of distemper shrinks. Hence it leads to crackling
and flaking, if the surface to receive distemper is weak.
• The coating of distemper is usually thick and more brittle than other
types of water paints.
• The film developed by the distemper is porous in character and it
allows water vapor to pass through it.
• They are generally light in color and provide a good reflecting coating.
• They are less durable then oil paints or emulsion paints.
• They can be applied on brickwork, cement plastered surface, lime
plastered surface, etc.
• They exhibit poor workability.
• They prove to be unsatisfactory in damp locations such as kitchen,
bathrooms, etc.

16. INTERIOR EMULSIONS
These are superior quality paints formed by mixing
oil/water and an emulsifying agent to prevent the
separation of the combination.
They have much better ease of application , are
washable .
They provide a higher coverage than a distemper or
enamel.
They have greater overall decorative appeal.

17. INTERIOR
EMULSION
Vinyl
Matt
Vinyl
Satin
Vinyl
Silk
TYPES OF INTERIOR EMULSION

18. VINYL MATT EMULSION gives a matt, non-shiny that
is good for not showing small imperfections on the wall or
ceiling.
VINYL SATIN EMULSION gives a subtle soft-shine
finish and is a more durable surface than vinyl matt. It is
suitable for areas that might need to be occasionally
lightly washed or sponged.
VINYL SILK EMULSION gives a high shine finish and
is the most durable of all the emulsion paints. It is good
for the rooms that are subject to a lot of moisture.

19. Vinyl matt Vinyl satin Vinyl silk

20. Enamel paints
 Oil based paint is more durable , but it takes
longer to dry and clean up requires turpentine oil
or paint thinner for its application .
 It can be used on walls , ceilings , doors , windows
, iron frames/furniture , wooden frames/furniture,
etc .
 Three finishes : high gloss
satin
matt
 Packaging sizes : 50ml , 100ml , 200ml , 1000ml ,
etc
 Cost : 26rs – 6500rs .

21. Wood finish
 Often the wood’s colour is changed by staining , bleaching . Once the
wood surface is prepared and stained , the finish is applied and this
finish is termed as wood finish .
 There are different types of finishes available in the market from low
range to high end collection as per customer’s requirement :
a) lacquer finish
b) P. u finish
c) polyester finish
d) touchwood finish
e) enamel finish
 brands : Asian paints , MRF , Berger, Dulux , etc .
Packaging size : 200ml , 500ml , 1L , 4L….20L
Cost: rs280/ltr , 175/ltr , etc .

22. Emulsions
 It is a smooth water-based , modified acrylic , exterior wall finish
with silicon additives .
 These re the paints that are used in exterior portion of a building
that is exposed to direct sunlight, air and water .
 These types of Paints are often used in painting building from
exterior as well as used in interior portion of stairs .
EXTERIOR PAINTS

23. Textured paints
 These are used to create to desired visual effects on the walls .
 By the use of brushes, rollers , putty knives , trowels and other
applications a variety of patters can be created .
 Other paints can be applied on the textures to create desired effect .
 Textured paints also help in covering undulations and levelling surfaces .
Packaging : 5kg , 25kg , 30kg , 50kg
Cost : 750/bag , 850/bag , etc

24. Cement paint
 To give a new look for concrete and other
cement based materials , cement paint is
the perfect answer.
 it is a special paint coating made for a
masonry and cement-based materials ,
including concrete, mortar, concrete blocks.
 Not only it adds to aesthetic of the wall but
also provides a waterproofing coating and
can supplement the role of putty .
Packaging size : 25kg bag
Cost : rs27/kg , rs351/bag .

25. PROCESS OF PAINTINGA NEWWALL
Check the surface for incidence of dampness of
water seepage
Rectify the water seepage problem at source . This
could mean repairing leaking pipes or cracks in the
exterior walls.
Any loose plaster should be removed from the
wall . Check for loose plaster by tapping on the
wall. A hollow sound indicates sign of loose
plaster

26. Allow newly plastered surfaces to mature for a
Period of at least 6 months after the application
Of coat , to ensure through drying of plaster.
Scrape with sandpaper to ensure that the
Surface is dry and free from dust, dirt or grease
Cracks or flakes should be sealed properly with
Sealant .
Pre-painting

27. Wall surface is to be prepared using POP or wall
Putty with specialised Equipments and let it
Dry for 24 hours.
Sanding of walls is done with sandpaper to
Make the base even and balanced .
Coats of primer is applied on surface using
Brushes and rollers .
Painting

28. A base of chalked powder mixed white enamel
Paint is applied on walls to make it more
smoother.
Sanding of walls is done with sandpaper to make
The base even and balanced .
Second layer of same putty is applied to make
It feel and look more smooth and balanced .

29. Error are checked and repaired using the same
Chalk powder putty using patti or putty knife
Followed by sanding of walls .
First coat is applied on wall in ‘w’ formation with
Roller and brushes.
Second layer of paint is applied in same W pattern .
Final repairs are examined if any .
Final 3rd coat Is applied on walls . To make the wall
Look beautiful.

30. Paintingtechniques
By brush
• Correctly prepare the surface and using
a good quality brush , the top of the
brush is dipped in the paint and the
excess removed by drawing it against
the edge of the tin.
• Working from right to left a narrow strip
of the work is covered with vertical
brush strokes , the area is then ‘crossed’
.
• The surface is then finally laid off .
• A strip must be joined to its neighbour
as soon as possible and the work so
arranged that the surface is finished
without interruption.

31. Spray painting
• It Is an alternative technique essential for
cellulose paint .
• Simply spray equipment comprises a motor and
fan giving a current of air delivered by tube to a
container and spray gun .
• The gun has a nozzle from which the paint is
forced in a fine spray when a trigger is
depressed .
• An air compressor is used in large equipment .
• Painting by spray is quicker for large area than
brushing.
• It also uses less paint for this has to be thinner.

32. DEFECTS OF PAINTS
 Bleeding : its an disruption and staining of the painted surface by chemical
action. It happens when an incorrect paint is applied over another one. The
remedy is to remove the old paint and renew with a like one .
 Blistering : it is a common failure caused by poor adhesion or by moisture
pushing off the paint . It is prevented by having a dry background, proper
printing and removal of very resinous knots.
 Blooming : it is the mistiness which can appear on varnished or highly glossed
surfaces. It is due to presence of moisture or condensation on newly painted
areas. Remedy is to repaint.
 Brush marks : these may be due to paint being too stiff , by poor workmanship
or by brushing over paint which have partially set . They are removed by
rubbing down by waterproof abrasive followed by repainting .
 Chalking : it is the powdering of the paint film usually on exposed outside
surfaces . It is sign that repainting is necessary and may be due to poor quality
paint .

34.  Cissing : it is the shrinking of the paint film usually in quite small , but
sometimes in large areas. It is often due to greasy undercoat or lack of
key between coats. Repainting is the cure.
 Cracking : it starts as fine hair crack and may turn to flaking . It can be
due to lack of elasticity in finishing coat or unequal elasticity between
coats of a paint containing excessive driers. Remedy is to repaint.
 Crinkling : it is due to incorrect application and excess of paint which
forms ‘runs’ on the surface. Remedy is to rub down and start again.
 Flaking : it is dur to poor adhesion or presence of moisture during
painting or due to inadequate cleaning and preparation. Remedy is
defective area must be redone .

35. Defects found in painting

36. Advantages
• Better Aesthetics.
• Objectively increase home
value .
• Better curb appeal
• Increase protection against
elements .
• Increase lifespan of siding .
• Practical costs .
disadvantages
• Paint can only provide colour
in very limited spectrum of
finishes.
• Paint also chips and cracks
overtime , so u will need to
reapply and touch up your
paint job more often.
• It can also be messy to apply
paint to walls ,and you can
easily stain your floor ,
ceilings , furniture or
appliance.
• Paints can also release
volatile compounds which
are harmful to human body.
• While paint does last 5 to 10
years, there is bigger chance
you will repaint more
frequently.
Advantages and disadvantages of paints

37. Important tools for painting

39. Brands offeringpaint in India

40. VARNISHES
The term varnish is used to indicate the solution of resins or
resinous substances prepared either in alcohol, oil or turpentine.
Following are the main objects of applying varnish on a wooden
surface:
 It brightens the appearance of the grain in wood.
 It renders brilliancy to the painted surface.
 It protects the painted surface from atmospheric actions.
 It protects the unpainted wooden surface of doors, windows, roof
trusses, floors, etc., from the action of atmospheric agencies.

41. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL VARNISH
 It should render the surface glossy.
 It should dry rapidly and present a finished surface which is
uniform in nature and pleasing in appearance.
 The colour of varnish should not fade away when the surface is
exposed to the atmospheric actions.
 The protecting film developed by varnish should be tough, hard
and durable.
 It should not shrink or show cracks after drying.

42. INGREDIENTS OF VARNISH
1. RESINS OR RESINOUS SUBSTANCES: the commonly used
are copal, lac or shellac and rosin. The copal is the hard substance and is
available from the earth at places where pine trees existed in past.
The lac or shellac is obtained by exudation of some types of insects in India.
The rosin is obtained from pine trees. Other resins are Amber, Mastic, Gum
Dammar, etc.
2. DRIERS: the function of a drier in varnish is to accelerate the process
of drying. The common driers used in varnishes are litharge, white copper and
Lead.
3. SOLVENTS: depending upon the nature of resin, the type of solvent is
decided.

43. TYPES OF VARNISHES
 Oil varnish
 Spirit varnish
 Turpentine varnish
 Water varnish

44. Oil paints:
• The linseed oil is used as solvents in this type of varnish.
• The hard resins such as amber and copal are dissolved in linseed
oil and if the varnish is not workable, a small quantity of turpentine
is added.
• The oil varnishes dry slowly, but they form hard and durable surface.
•They are specially adopted for exposed works which require
frequent cleaning.
•They are used on coaches and fittings in houses.
Spirit varnish:
• The methylated spirits of wine are used as solvents in this type
of varnish.
• The resins are of soft variety such as lack or shellac.
• They are not durable and easily affected by weathering actions.
• They are generally used for furniture.

45. Turpentine varnish:
• The turpentine is used as a solvent in this type of varnish.
• The resins adopted are soft variety.
• These varnishes dry quickly and posses light colours.
• They are not durable and tough as oil varnishes.
Water varnish:
• The shellac is dissolved in hot water and enough quantity of
ammonia or borox is added such that shellac is dissolved.
• These varnishes are used for varnishing maps, pictures, etc.
• They are also used for delicate internal work and as covering for
wall paper.

46. PROCESS OF VARNISHING
1. Preparation of surface: the woodwork is thoroughly
rubbed down by means of sand paper or pumice stone. The surface
is then made smooth and clean.
2. Knotting: the process of knotting is then carried out as in
case of painting.
3. Stopping: the surface of woodwork is then stopped. This is
done by means of hot weak glue size. It will fill up the pores on the
surface. When the surface becomes dry, it should be once again
rubbed down by sandpaper.
4. Coats of varnish: the varnish is then applied on the surface
in thin coats. The next coat is applied after the previous one has
thoroughly dried up. The varnishing should not be done with ordinary
paint brushes, fine haired varnishing brushes should be used.

47. THANKYOU