2. The Biotechnology
Department
The Biotechnology Department was organized in Vyatka
State University in 1994.
ВятГУ
The Department was created for satisfaction of
requirements of the enterprises and organizations in
the biotechnology engineers, and also for the decision
of tasks of protection the environment in Volga-Vyatka
region.
Annually 20 persons are accepted on the first course of
education.
3. The Biotechnology
Department
The specialization of educational training is Technology of
Bioconversion of Vegetative Raw Material.
ВятГУ
The stuff of the Department includes 18 persons, 5
of them are the doctors of sciences and 6 are the
candidates of sciences, other employees have higher
education.
Research and development of the Biotechnology
Department has repeatedly supported by grants from
the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian
Federation, the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research, the International Science and Technology
Center (ISTC) and other organizations.
4. The Main Scientific Interests
Conversion of
Ecological Food
vegetative raw
Biotechnology Biotechnology
material
Agricultural Bioorganic
Biotechnology Chemistry
5. CONVERSION OF VEGETATIVE RAW MATERIAL
The method of thermo-mechanic-chemical hydrolysis of cellulosic
material
The Development of theoretical bases and technological
principles of biochemical processing of vegetative raw material
The method of obtaining protein additives with
medicinal and prophylactic properties
The method of obtaining bioactive substances from arboreal
greenery
6. The Development of Theoretical Bases and
Technological Principles of Biochemical Processing of
Vegetative Raw Material
We have developed a non-waste method of
processing fruit and berry materials to obtain
bioactive preparations for medical, alimentary
and fodder application. The method has been
implemented in the form of a small-capacity
pilot production facility.
Оболочка плодовая Оболочка плодовая шиповника
Плоды шиповника на приготовление чая
Фермент
шиповника
Вода
Мезга
На приготовление
сиропа шиповника
Мезга
Осадок На приготовление
Растительное
холосаса
масло
Орешки
шиповника Сухой осадок
Каротолин
Спирт
Возврат спирта
Осадок
Растворитель
Спиртованный морс
в ликеро-водочное
производство
Осадок
На приготовление
кормовой добавки
Масло на дегазацию Азот
Масляный концентрат
Послеэкстракционный шрот
7. The method of obtaining protein additives with
medicinal and prophylactic properties
Obtaining an immunostimulating additive to
the livestock ration on the basis of the cultures
of the genera Leuconostoc, Saccharomyces
and Trichosporon.
Objectives:
- studying the immunostimulating properties
of the cultures;
- research into the mutual influence of the
cultures;
- developing a method of growing;
- research into the effect of the additive on
animal organisms;
- turning out a pilot batch of the bioactive
additive.
8. The method of obtaining bioactive
substances from arboreal greenery
The wood and arboreal greenery of such conifers
as pine, fir, etc. are an indispensable source of
raw materials for obtaining bioactive substances.
The purpose of this work is to study the process
of isolating bioactive substances from conifers,
as well as to develop a method of obtaining
medical preparations from the components of
arboreal greenery.
Two groups of research problems need to be
solved in order to accomplish the purpose:
-the analytical research to identify individual
components of essential oils, polyprenols, resin
acids and neutrals that are extracted from
arboreal greenery;
- the technological research: selection and
optimization of the way of extracting bioactive
substances from arboreal greenery,
substantiation of the method for separating essential oils, development of the
isolation techniques and calculation of the equipment needed.
9. ECOLOGICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Isolation and selection of strains of the microorganisms
decomposing polychlorinated biphenyls
Production, in the laboratory amount, of the biomass
necessary for the bioremediation of soils
10. Isolation and selection of strains of the microorganisms
decomposing polychlorinated biphenyls, as well as
production, in the laboratory amount, of the biomass
necessary for the bioremediation of soils
The resistant organic pollutants include toxic
polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins, dibenzofurans,
pesticides – such as aldrin, heptachlorine, dieldrin,
DDT, mirex, toxaphen, chlordane, endrin and
hexachlorobenzene, as well as polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB). The properties common to all these
compounds are hydrophobicity, liability to
accumulation in ecosystems, resistance to chemical
and biological transformation, and high toxicity.
The work carried out in this area involves:
- isolation and species identification of the isolated
strains of the microorganisms that decompose PCB;
- study of the mechanisms of PCB transformation by
the isolated strains;
- verification of the possibility to use these
preparations for decontamination of the soils polluted
with PCB.
12. Cell selection
Major efforts of the biotech research are
concentrated on creating improved and
fundamentally new genotypes of crops that
possess either singular or combined
resistance to both biotic and abiotic stress
factors of the environment (fungous, viral,
bacterial diseases; the acidity and salinity of
soils, a drought, presence of heavy metals,
etc.) while preserving and even increasing
their productivity and quality.
The method consists in introducing the plant into an in vitro culture and
selecting the isolated tissues and cells on the growth media that contain
specific types of selective agents in various combinations. The most frequent
objects of research are cereal and leguminous crops. The cell selection
reduces the time needed to create new breeds of crops by expanding the
genetic variety when isolated tissues are cultivated in vitro.
13. Microclonal reproduction
This is a challenging method of the vegetative
reproduction of plants that makes it possible to obtain
genetically uniform and sanified planting stock, to
have high net reproduction, to reduce the duration of
the selection process and to carry out the work
throughout the year, thus saving the areas for growing
crops. The objects of research are fruit, berry and
flower crops.
The method consists in removing the crown meristem
from the stem, introducing it into an in vitro culture
and then micrografting the set on a hormonal medium.
In order to increase the efficiency of microclonal
reproduction, individual cultivation conditions
(physical factors and the composition of the medium)
should be arranged for each plant species.
14. Use of associations between microbes
and plants
A technology for the combined application of the
traditional methods of tissue culture and the inoculation
of plants in vitro is being developed. The positive effect
is based on the capacity of some microorganisms that
have a stable association with plants – e.g.,
methylobacteria – to synthesize vitamins and hormones
(most often, auxins and cytokinins).
This makes it possible to use biotechnologically
promising strains as substitutes for some ingredients of
the phytohormonal composition of the medium when
cultivating isolated cells and tissues. The logical
continuation of the research is the creation of a
biopreparation of the microbial origin (a growth
regulator).
15. FOOD BIOTECHNOOGY
Creation of bioactive food additives
Processing both agricultural and recyclable materials to
obtain bioactive substances to be used in the food industry
Study of physical and chemical properties and structure of
biological active substances
Designing bioactive food additives obtained from plant materials. The
work is under way to obtain bioactive food additives from bilberries
(Vaccinium myrtillus L.).
Research aimed at extending the range of
functional food products
16. BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study of the structural features of pectin
polysaccharides and their biological activity
Study of the biopolymers of the
microorganisms used for creating
preparations with probiotic properties
17. Study of the structural features of pectin
polysaccharides and their biological activity
Pectin polysaccharides are capable of a wide range of physiological
activities. The antimicrobial, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and
anticoagulant action of pectins is well known. Among the possible ways of
using pectin substances in medicine is modifying them chemically to create
preparations with specified properties. It was proved, in particular, that a
number of medicines, when combined with pectins, enhance and prolong
their therapeutic properties, as well as reduce unwanted side effects.
The work in this area consists in studying
the composition of pectin substances in the
hips of a number of brier (Rosa) species,
their structural features and physiological
activities. The pectins in the pap of the
Rosa rugosa hips were proved to bind low-
density lipoproteids in human blood, to
modulate the adhesiveness of peritoneal
macrophage in mice and to stimulate
formation of serum antibodies (ОВА-IgG-
log2) to the protein antigen (OBA) in mice.
18. Study of the biopolymers of the microorganisms used
for creating preparations with probiotic properties
- the effect of the medium
composition (source of
carbohydrates) on the composition,
structure and physiological activity of
exopolysaccharides of lactic-acid
bacteria;
- the effect of the medium
composition (source of
carbohydrates) on the composition,
structure and physiological activity of
the cytoderm polysaccharides
(peptidoglycane) of lactic-acid
bacteria;
- application of the data on the fatty-acid composition of cytoplasmic
membranes for the species identification of lactic-acid bacteria.
19. Laboratory equipment
The Department has a modern research equipment, which provides a
wide range of issues. The basic list is:
1. Equipment for gas chromatography and
gas chromatography mass spectrometry;
2. Atomic absorption spectrometry, FTIR;
3. Equipment for high-precision weighing;
4. SEM, TEM, SPM and set of equipment
for sample preparation for electron
microscopy.
20. The industrial part is represented by a
technological line on complex processing of
fruits of Wild Rose (Rose hips).
The essence of the technology is that the dry fruits of Wild Rose
are divided on a peel and seeds. Vitamin syrup for children
and persons suffering diabetes, medical preparations
“Karotolin” and “Holosas” are received from a peel.
From seeds by extraction with organic solvent (2 extractors,
volume of one extractor is 25 liters) is received a medical
preparation ”Oil of Rose hips”. The preparation has passed
certification in State Institute on Standard and Control of
Medicinal Preparations.
On a basis of rest after extraction of oil from seeds of Rose hips,
the fodder additive in ration of fur animals is obtained.
21. The technological line on complex processing of
Rose hips includes several sections:
- preparation of the feedstock
- production of a tea beverage
Фермент
Сахар
Жидкая фаза
Вода
Оболочка
Плоды
шиповника Сироп
Семена
- production of a vitamin syrup Пульпа
Осадок
Растительное
Участок подготовки сырья Участок приготовления сиропа
of Rose hips
масло
Участок экстракции
Растворитель
Приготовление
каротолина
- production of oil of Rose hips Каротолин
Осадок
Шрот на приготовление
кормовой добавки
-production of an additive to the Мисцелла
Азот
Масло
шиповника
Удаление
fodder of fur animals Масло
остатков
растворителя
22. A list of recent publications
A.A. Zlobin, E.A. Martinson, I.A. Ovechkina, E.A. Durnev, R.G. Ovodova, S.G. Litvinets
Composition and Properties of Pectin polysaccharides of St. John’s Wort Hypericum
Perforatum// Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2012, Vol. 38, No.7, pp.697-701
Злобин А.А., Мартинсон Е.А., Литвинец С.Г., Овечкина И.А., Дурнев Е.А., Оводова Р.Г.
Пектиновые полисахариды рябины обыкновенной Sorbus aucuparia L.// Химия
растительного сырья. 2011. №1. С.39-44.
Злобин А.А., Мартинсон Е.А., Оводов Ю.С. Антиоксидантная и антимикробная
активность пектинов ряда растений европейского Севера России// Известия Коми
научного центра УрО РАН. Выпуск 3(7). Сыктывкар, 2011 –с.33-37
Бывалов А.А. Влияние температуры культивирования и носительства fra-оперона
Yersinia pestis на морфологические особенности Yersinia pseudotuberculosis// Журнал
микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии, 2011. - № 2. - С. 72-75
Martinson E.A., Zlobin A.A., Starkova E.V., Litvinets S.G. Lignin quantitative determination
as well as lignin-degrading products at cultivation of lignin-decomposed microorganisms//
International Conference “Renewable Wood and Plant Resources: Chemistry, Technology,
Pharmacology, Medicine”. Saint-Petersburg, June 21-24, 2011.-P.104
Старкова Е.В., Синцов К.Н., Дурнев Е.А., Береснева И.С., Мартинсон Е.А., Литвинец
С.Г. Выделение микромицетов, способных к деструкции лигнинсодержащего сырья//
Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология. 2010.-№1. С.267-268
23. Contact Information
Sergey G. Litvinets, Vice-Rector on Science
Russia, 610000, Moskovskaya st., 36
Tel +7 (8332)641591
Fax +7 (8332)641591
E-mail: litvinets@list.ru
Ekaterina A. Martinson, Head of Department
Russia, 610000, Moskovskaya st., 36
Tel +7 (8332)321649
Fax +7 (8332)321649
E-mail: biotech.vgu@gmail.com
