statistics, the science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data. Data are the facts and figures that are collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation. Data may be classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative data measure either how much or how many of something, and qualitative data provide labels, or names, for categories of like items. For example, suppose that a particular study is interested in characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, and annual income for a sample of 100 individuals. These characteristics would be called the variables of the study, and data values for each of the variables would be associated with each individual. Methods of probability were developed initially for the analysis of gambling games. Probability plays a key role in statistical inference; it is used to provide measures of the quality and precision of the inferences. Many of the methods of statistical inference are described in this article. Some of these methods are used primarily for single-variable studies, while others, such as regression and correlation analysis, are used to make inferences about relationships among two or more variables.

1. APPLICATIONS OF
STATISTICS
D.VANISHREE
3rd Bsc.Microbiology

2. ● Defined as a science of Collection, Presentation,
Analysis and Interpretation of numerical data.
● Forms a key basis tool in business and
manufacturing. Used to understand
measurement systems variability, control
processes for summarizing data and to make
data driven decisions.
DEFINITION OF STATISTICS :-

3. ORIGIN
The word ‘Statistics’ and
‘Statistical’ are derived from the
Latin word Status means, political
state.

4. 3 MEANS OF COMPARISON :-
Statistics use three means of
comparison through the data,
1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode

5. MEAN
Used as one of the comparing properties of
statistics.Define as the average of all
clarifications.

6. MEDIAN
Median is defined
as the middle
value of any
observations.

7. MODE
Mode
contains
highest
frequency in
any data.

8. IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS:-
Statistics plays a vital role in
every field of human activity.
Statistics helps in determining
the existing position of per
capita income, unemployment,
population growth rates,
housing, schooling medical
facilities, etc., in a country.

9. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS
IN VARIOUS FIELDS
● Accounting
● Economic
● Banking
● Marketing
● Finance
● Natural & Social Sciences
● Astronomy
● Medical Research
● Quality control
● Production
● Statistical Thermodynamics
● Mathematics
● Biology
● Sports
● Forestry
● Education etc,.

10. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS
In the age of information
technology, statistics has a
wide range of applications.
Let’s look at some
important areas of
application of statistics…

11. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN
ACCOUNTING
● The public accounting firms use
statistical sampling procedures
when conducting audits for
their clients.
● Accountants use statistics to
forecast consumption, earnings,
cash flow and book value.

12. ● For instance suppose an accounting firmwants to
determine whether the amount of accounts
receivable shown on a client’s balance sheet fairly
represents the actual amount of account
receivable.
● Usually large number of individual accounts
receivable makes review in and every validating
account too time consuming and expensive.

13. ● As common practice in such situations, the audit
staff selects a subset of the accounts called
sample.
● After reviewing the accuracy of the sample
accounts, the auditors draw a conclusion as to
whether the accounts receivable amount shown
on the client’s balance sheet is acceptable.

14. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN
FINANCE
● Financial analysis uses a various of
statistical information to guide their
investment recommendations.
● In the case of finance the analysis
reviews a varities of finiacial data
including prices/earning ratios and
dividened yields.

15. ● By comparing the information for an
individual stock with information about
the stock market averages, a financial
analyst can begin to draw a conclusion
as to whether an individual stock is
over or under priced.

16. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN
PRODUCTION
● Today's emphasis on quality makes
quality control that important
application of statistics in
production.
● A variety of statistical quality
control charts are used to
monitor the output of the
production process.

17. ● In particular, a bar chart is used to monitor the
average output.
● The average or the value, is plotted on a bar chart. A
plotted value above the chart upper control limit
indicates overfilling and the below the lower control
chart indicates under filling.
● Property interpreted bar chart can help determine
when adjustments are accessory to correct a
production process.

18. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN
ECONOMICS
Statistics offers information to answer some basic
questions in economics –
● What to produce?
● How to produce?
● For whom to produce?

19. ● Statistical information helps to understand the economic
problems and formulation of economic policies.
● Economic planning is an important aspect of a country.
For effective economic planning, Statistics help in
providing data as well as tools to analyze the data.
● Some powerful techniques are index numbers, time series
analysis, and also forecasting. These are immensely useful
in the analysis of data in economic planning.
● Further, statistical techniques help in framing planning
models too.

20. APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
● Statistics palys a vital role in
research.Use of statistics will guide
researchers in research for proper
characterization, summaraization,
presentation and interpretation.
● Statistics is very important when it
comes to conclusion of the research.

21. ● Statistical methods
and analyses are often
used to communicate
research findings and
to support hypothesis.
● Gives credibility to
research methodology
and conclusions.

22. USES OF
IN REAL LIFE

23. INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESS
Report of early sales and comparison others. It shows the factoryor
it's sales lack and where they are good.
AGRICULTURE
Comparison of crops form previous year to this year or in comparison
to required amount of crop for the country.
Quality and size of grains grown due to use of different fertilizer.

24. FORESTRY
How much growth have been occured in the area of 5 acres ?
Or how much forest where depleted for the past few years?
How much flora and fauna which is increased or decreased by
5 years ?
ECOLOGICAL STUDY
Comparison of increasing impact of pollution on global
warming ? Increasing effect of nuclear reactors on
environment.

25. MEDICAL STUDIES
To analyse no.of diseases emerged in last few
years. Increase in no.of patients for a particular
disease
SPORTS
Used to compare run rates of to different teams
and used to compare to different players.

26. “STATISTICS CAN BE MADE TO PROVE
ANYTHING EVEN THE TRUTH”
THANK YOU
D.VaniShree
2nd Bsc.Microbiology