The document discusses different network topologies including mesh, bus, ring, star, and tree. Mesh topology uses point-to-point connections between all nodes but requires extensive cabling. Bus topology uses a single cable as a backbone but a break can disable the whole network. Ring topology arranges nodes in a closed loop and uses token passing but a single break disables the network. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub providing independence between nodes but a hub failure disables the whole network. Tree topology combines stars and a backbone but relies on the backbone and maintenance is difficult as it scales.
3. Mesh TopologyMesh Topology
It is point to point connection.
The use of dedicated links guarantees
that each connection can carry its own
data load, thus eliminating the traffic
problems that can occur when links must
be shared by multiple devices.
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5. Advantages of Mesh topologyAdvantages of Mesh topology
1. It is robust. i.e. one link becomes
unusable, it does not affect to the entire
system.
2. It is Secured. i.e. when every message
travels along a dedicated line, only
particular recipient can sees it.
3. It is easy to fault identification and fault
Isolation.
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6. Disadvantages of Mesh topologyDisadvantages of Mesh topology
1. It required large amount of cabling and
I/O ports, because every device must be
connected to every other device.
2. Installation and reconnection are
difficult.
3. It is expensive .because number of
hardware required to connect each
link(I/O ports and cables)
4. For these reason a mesh topology is
usually implemented in a limited fashion. 6
7. Bus topologyBus topology
All networked nodes are interconnected,
peer to peer, using a single, open-ended
cable
Both ends of the bus must be terminated
with a terminating resistor to prevent
signal bounce
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9. Advantages of Bus topologyAdvantages of Bus topology
1) Easy to implement and extend
2) Backbone cable can be laid along the
most efficient path, then connected to
the drop line of various length.
3) A bus uses less cabling than mesh and
star topology.
4) Well suited for temporary networks
that must be set up in a hurry
5) Typically the least cheapest topology to
implement
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11. Disadvantages of Bus topologyDisadvantages of Bus topology
1) Difficult to reconnection and fault
isolation.
2) Limited cable length and number of
stations
3) A cable break can stop the entire
network.
4) Maintenance costs may be higher in the
long run
5) Performance degrades(loss) as
additional computers are added
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12. Ring topologyRing topology
started out as a simple peer-to-peer LAN
topology
Each networked workstation had two
connections: one to each of its nearest
neighbors
Data was transmitted unidirectional
around the ring
Sending and receiving of data takes place
by the help of TOKEN
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13. Token PassingToken Passing
Token contains a piece of information
which along with data is sent by the
source computer
This token then passes to next node,
which checks if the signal is intended to it
If yes, it receives it and passes the empty to
into the network
otherwise passes token along with the data
to next node
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15. Advantages of Ring topologyAdvantages of Ring topology
1) This type of network topology is very
organized
2) Performance is better than that of Bus
topology
3) No need for network server to control
the connectivity between workstations
4) Additional components do not affect the
performance of network
5) Each computer has equal access to
resources
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16. Disadvantages of Ring topologyDisadvantages of Ring topology
1) Each packet of data must pass through
all the computers between source and
destination, slower than star topology
2) If one workstation or port goes down,
the entire network gets affected
3) Network is highly dependent on the
wire which connects different
components
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17. Star topologyStar topology
Each device has connected point to point
link only to a central controller called a
hub or switch
The controller acts as an exchange , if
one device wants to send data to
another, it sends the data to the
controller the relays the data to the
particular device.
Each networked device in star topology
can access the media independently
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19. Advantages of star topologyAdvantages of star topology
1) Compared to Bus topology it gives far
much better performance
2) Easy to connect new nodes or devices
3) Centralized management. It helps in
monitoring the network
4) Failure of one node or link doesn’t
affect the rest of network
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20. Disadvantages of star topologyDisadvantages of star topology
1) If central device fails whole network
goes down
2) The use of hub, a router or a switch as
central device increases the overall cost
of the network
3) Performance and as well number of
nodes which can be added in such
topology is depended on capacity of
central device
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21. Tree TopologyTree Topology
A tree topology combines characteristics
of linear bus and star topology.
It consist of group of star configured
workstation connected to a linear bus
backbone cables.
Tree topology allow for expansion of an
existing network.
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22. Advantages of tree TopologyAdvantages of tree Topology
1. Expansion of Network is possible and
easy.
2. Here, we divide the whole network into
segments (star networks), which can be
easily managed and maintained.
3. Error detection and correction is easy.
4. Each segment is provided with
dedicated point-to-point wiring
to the central
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24. Disadvantages of tree topologyDisadvantages of tree topology
1.Because of its basic structure, tree
topology, relies heavily on the main bus
cable, if it breaks whole network is
crippled.
2.As more and more nodes and segments
are added, the maintenance becomes
difficult.
3. Scalability of the network depends on
the type of cable used.
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