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1. SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DIV B
L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
GUIDED BY : PROF. JALPA MODI

2. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
NAME
• VRAJ PANDYA
• AXIT SHAH
• DEEP SHAH
• KARAN SHAH
• KISHAN SUTHAR
ENROLLMENT NUMBER
• 130280106072
• 130280106104
• 130280106105
• 130280106107
• 130280106116

3. DEFINITION
• Waste
• “Any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted” and
“A useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming
thoughtlessly or carelessly”
• With the progress of civilization the waste generation became of a
more complex nature.
• The increase in population and urbanization was also largely
responsible for the increase in solid waste

4. • It is defined as:
“Non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from municipal garbage
to industrial wastes that contain complex and sometimes hazardous
substances”
• Solid wastes also include:
• Sewage sludge
• Agricultural refuse
• Demolition wastes
• Mining residues
SOLID WASTE

5. SOLID WASTE
• Total population of Ahmedabad city is 63 lacks approx.
• Average quantity of waste produced in Ahmedabad is – 0.6 kg per
capita per day
• Ahmedabad generates - 4000 TPD (Tons per day) of which 300 Tons of
construction and demolition debris.
• Total Employees working in SWM department Ahmedabad are more
than 12500.
• Excel industry, Creative Industry and Bharuch Enviro Engineers Ltd.
Are the companies dealing with Solid Waste in Ahmedabad.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
Depending upon the characteristics
• Organic Waste
• Inorganic Waste
According to the place of generation
• Domestic Solid Waste
• Industrial Solid Waste
It can also be classified as
• Hazardous Waste
• Non-Hazardous Waste

7. COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE
• A major fraction of urban MSW
in India is organic matter.
• Percentage of
• Organic waste – 51%
• Recyclables – 17.5%
• Inert – 31.5%

8. SOLID WASTE
• Sources of Solid Waste
• Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Industrial
• Agricultural
• Treatment Plants
• Open Areas (streets, parks, etc.)
Type Sources
Organic Food scraps, yard(leaves, grass, brush)
waste, wood, process residues
Paper Paper scraps, cardboard, newspaper,
magazines, bags, boxes, wrapping paper,
telephone books, shredded paper, paper
beverage cups. Strictly speaking paper is
organic but unless it is contaminated by
food residue, paper is not classified as
Organic
Plastic Bottles, packaging, containers, bags, lids,
cups
Glass Bottles, broken glassware, light bulbs,
colored glass
Metal Cans, foil, tins, non-hazardous aerosol cans,
appliances (white goods), railings, bicycles
Other Textiles, leather, rubber, multi-laminates,
e-waste, appliances, ash, other inert
materials

9. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Generation Collection Transportation Separation Treatment Disposal

10. FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

11. COLLECTION OF WASTE
oHouse to House Collection
• Curb Service : The house owner is responsible for placing the solid
waste containers at the curb on the scheduled day. The workmen
come, collect, and empty the container and put back at the curb.
• Alley Service : The containers are placed at the alley line from where
they are picked up by workmen from refuse vehicle who deposit back
the empty container.
• Set out set back service : Set out man go to the houses to collect
containers and empty them in the refuse vehicles. Another group of
persons return them to the house owner’s yard.
• Backyard Service : The workers with the vehicles carry a bin, wheel-
borrow to the yard and empty the solid waste container in it.

12. TRANSPORT
• The waste is transported from the
storage depots to the disposal sites
in tractor trollies or ill designed
open trucks
• The transportation must be done in
closed containers.
• Industrial waste must be
transported and deposited in a safe
way after suitable treatment.
• In Ahmedabad Closed body
Hydraulic Euro III vehicles used for
lifting solid waste.

13. SEPARATION
• Separation for Recycling : There are different types of bin lids available to help
encourage the correct waste to go in the correct bin such as a recycling bin for
bottles, cans and paper with security lids too.
• Separation for Composting : Generally, organic waste are separated from mixed
solid waste for composting purpose. This includes Yard wastes, wood, food waste,
mixed paper, other organic wastes which are bio-degradable.
• Hazardous waste are separated from Solid waste.

14. SEPARATORS
• Various machines are used for this purpose :
• Trommel separators/drum screens
• Eddy current separator
• Near Infrared sensors (NIR)
• X-ray technology
Eddy Current Separator
Trommel Separators

15. DISPOSAL
• Removing and destroying or storing damaged, used or other
unwanted domestic, agricultural or industrial products and
substances.
• Several methods of Disposal
• Composting
• Incineration
• Pyrolysis
• Landfill

16. COMPOSTING
• Composting is defined as a process in which organic matter of the
solid waste is decomposed and converted to stable mineral
compounds.
• The end product of composting process is called compost which is
rich fertilizer.
• There are 3 methods of Composting
• Composting by trenching
• Open windrow composting
• Mechanical Composting

17. COMPOSTING BY TRENCHING
• Trenches 3 - 12 m long, 2-3 m
wide and 1-2 m deep with
spacing 2 m
• Dry waste are filled up in 15 cm
layers.
• Biological action starts in 2-3
days and decomposition starts.
• Solid waste stabilize in 4 – 6
months and changed into brown
colored odorless powdery
compost.

18. OPEN WINDROW COMPOSTING
• In this method waste is dumped
on ground in form of piles of 0.6
to 1 m height.
• Piles are covered by animal dung
and night soil.
• Temperature rises because of
biological activities.
• The complete process takes 4 to
6 weeks.

19. MECHANICAL COMPOSTING
• It requires small area compare to
trenching and open windrow
composting.
• The stabilization of waste takes
3 – 6 days.
• The operation involved are
• Reception of refuse
• Segregation
• Shredding
• Stabilization
• Marketing

20. PYROLYSIS
• Heating of the solid waste at
very high temperature in
absence of air.
• Carried out at temperature
between 500 oC – 1000 oC.
• Gas, liquids and chars are the
byproducts.

21. INCINERATION
• A controlled combustion process for burning solid, liquid and gaseous
combustible wastes to gases and residue containing non combustible
material.
• Charging of Solid waste should be continuous.
• Waste should be well mixed and the temperature is well maintained.
• The temperature should not be less than 670 oC .
• The temperature should be 900 – 1000 oC.
• The Waste should be exposed for atleast two seconds.
• At the end of the process all that is left behind is ash.

22. INCINERATION
Advantage
• Most hygienic method
• Complete destruction of
Pathogens
• No odour trouble
• Heat generated may be used for
raising steam power
• Clinkers are used in Road
Construction
• Less Space Required
Disadvantage
• Large initial expense
• Care and attention required
otherwise incomplete
combustion will increase air
pollution
• Residues are required to be
disposed
• Large number of vehicles are
required

24. RECYCLING
• Recycling is processing of used materials into new products
• It reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy
usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution.
• Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, plastic,
textiles, and electronics.

25. RECYCLING
Advantage
• Contributes directly or indirectly to the Environment
• Generate employment opportunities
• Helps in conversation of natural resources
• Reduce Environment Hazard
• Reduces air and water pollution

26. LANDFILLING
• In this method solid waste is filled in the low lying areas.
• The dumping is done in layers of 1 m to 2 m.
• The layers are covered by good earth of atleast 20 cm thickness.
• A gap of 7 days is given before dumping the material in next layer.
Advantage
• Simple
• Low Cost
• No separation required
Disadvantage
• Proper site not available
• Large area required
• Odour Problem
• Use of insecticide is required

27. LANDFILLING

28. LANDFILLING

29. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

30. MODERN PRACTICE
• In Ahmedabad Industries like
CREATIVE make a fuel called RDF
which is used in cement kilns or
power stations as a fuel.
• RDF – Refused Derived Fuel
• Of whole Solid Waste Composition
about 50-55% waste is used for
Compost, 30-35% waste is used in
RDF and remaining is Recycled.