A presentation by J. Smet, B. Tuffuor, S.P. Sekuma during the 3rd IWA Congress, Nairobi, Kenya, October 2013.

1. J. Smet, B. Tuffuor, S.P. Sekuma
3rd IWA Congress, Nairobi, October 2013

2. 




Technologies not fit for context
36% of poorest urban quintile in
SSA: unimproved water supply
Of that segment: 21% defecates
in the open and 37% uses
unimproved sanitation facilities
Promising technologies
frequently do not go beyond the
pilot stage, no scale.
No systems to validate new
technologies

4. TAF
Technology Applicability Framework
&
TIP
Technology Introduction Process

5. TAF- A decision making tool on the applicability of a
specific WASH technology and its contribution to a
sustainable service and on its readiness for
introduction to scale within a specific context
Use
 Stimulate discussion about a WASH technology
 Assess the potential of a particular WASH technology
in a specific context
 Assess readiness of a sector to scale up a technology
 Support M&E of successful or failing technology

6. WASH Technology to be assessed for
applicability in given context
1
Screening
Step-1: Need and Demand
Step-2: Basic Applicability
2
Assessments
of the potential of a WASH technology in a given context
3
Presentation of results
of screening and assessments
4
Interpretation and Conclusion
April 2013

8. 


Collect relevant information on
technology, e.g. CapEx, OpEx
Train staff for field assessments
Conduct field survey using
guiding questions
User/
Buyer

Producers/
Providers
Regulators/
Investors/
Facilitators
Analyse, validate & score in a
multi-stakeholder workshop

9. per particular dimension
Key perspectives
User/
Buyer
Producers/ Regulators/
Providers Investors/
Facilitators
Interpretation per perspective
(1)
SustainabilityDimensions
Environmental
+
+
-
(5)
(6)
+
?
0
(7)
Economic
(3)
(4)
Social
(2)
(8)
(9)
0
+
-
0
Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up
+
0
-
-
?
?
+
?
(14)
-
0
(17)
(18)
+
-
Unclear information, should be clarified
(15)
0
Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics
(12)
(16)
Technology
(11)
(13)
Skills &
Know-how
High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics
?
(10)
Institutional
& Legal
+
?
As entire profile
or for specific topics such as O&M
June 2013

10. Country
Technology Rating
Burkina Faso UDDT
Successful
Ghana
Uganda
VIP latrine
EnviroLoo
Biofill toilet
UDDT
Successful
Failed
Promising
Failed

11. 





Poor access to household sanitation facilities is
a major problem in low income urban areas
High population densities and crowded
Unplanned settlements: little space for toilets
No sewerage system for users to connect to
No national level subsidy arrangements
Biofil Digester still in pilot phase; yet to be
nationally approved as a sanitation technology

13. Dimension
Perspective
User
Producer
Regulator
Social
Clear willingness to invest
No active promotion; producer has
strategically limited promotion
No need for behavior change and major
social marketing
Economic
Affordable if Capex is
subsidised and if it is
targeted at small towns
There is some profit margin –
Producer willing to continue
production. Huge marketing
potential but producer will not be
able to do it all alone
No subsidies for sanitation in line with
national policies
Environmental
There can be a potential for
risks though not high.
Further info on effluent
quality needed.
Potential for local production
without harmful input resources
Further info on reuse of manure &
effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units
need training & equipment which come
at a cost
Institutional,
Organizational
and Legal
Required legal structures
are feasible
No legal requirements to
register WASH
technologies, but it helps for
acceptability
Regulation of quality of
construction supervised by an
engineer. Quality of effluent checks
not being done by EPA
Not fair to say it doesn’t meet quality
standards since it has not been checked.
Alignment with policies – has not been
submitted for approval so cannot say
Skills and
Knowhow
Users can deal with
technology appropriately
with respect to O&M
In terms of product development,
sufficient skills and capacities exist.
But not proven in the promotion
and marketing side
Different orgs at the nat’l level-answering
the question lumps them together and
will present a mixed picture as some
have and some don’t have the capacity
Technological
User satisfaction high
though it is in the
developmental stage
Viable models for selling exist
Potential exists for support. Unless the
right orgs are approached, the support
won’t come.

14. 



Capital cost of Biofil digester needs attention to
make it more affordable to poor households
Risk for environmental contamination: the
quality of effluent and manure needs to be
ascertained. Continuous monitoring needed
Producer to submit the Biofil technology for
national approval
The producer to develop strategy and
collaboration to procure support to improve
upon the technology

15. Uptake +
Operation
Tipping
Point
Invention
Technology Introduction
Specific Tasks
per actor and
phase
Actors
April 2013
Actors Actors

16. 




TAF is well received in the 3 project countries
Global WASH professionals: TAF, great value for
validation, evaluating, monitoring and TIP for intro
TAF ready for scaling up and –out in project and
other countries for sustainable WASH services
Agreed TAF hosts; Burkina Faso (DIEE), Ghana
(CWSA-EHSD), Uganda (ATC)
Regular training institutes to consider TAF tool and
TIP in their syllabi