This document discusses several environmental monitoring solutions using wireless sensor networks that can operate for up to 20 years. These solutions allow for real-time monitoring and data collection from sensors within 10 meters of shore or up to 35 meters out at sea using techniques like sensor networks deployed from boats or buoys, extended networks using autonomous underwater vehicles, and information recovery using remotely operated vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles. The sensor networks provide low-cost, big data collection with battery lives up to 20 years.