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Music and Chance
Procedures / Aleatory
What does a composer
        do?
4’33’’ (1952)
John Cage
 (1912-1992)
Rauschenberg
True or False: Cage’s 4’33’’
 consists of only silence.

1. True
2. False
3. I can’t decide
According to Cage,
  Music consists of:

• 1) Melody and Harmony
• 2) Sound and Silence
• 3) Beats and Rhythm
Aleatory (Chance) Music
Imaginary Landscape no. 4 (1951)
Is this music?

1. Yes
2. No
3. I really can’t decide.
0’00’’ (1962)




“In a situation with maximum amplification,
         perform a disciplined action.”
Aria (1958)
Does Cage’s music relinquish
all control to the performer?


1. Yes
2. No
Fontana Mix (1958)
The score consists of 10 sheets of paper and 12 transparencies. The sheets
                          of paper have drawings of 6
       differentiated (in thickness and texture) curved lines. 10 of the
transparencies have randomly distributed points (the amounts of points on
   the transparencies are 7, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 26, 29 and 30). Another
   transparency has a grid, measuring two by ten inches, and the last one
                      contains a straight line (10¾ inch).

   By superimposition the performer creates a structure from which a
 performance score can be made: One of the transparencies with dots is
placed over one of the sheets with curved lines. Over this one places the
grid. A point enclosed in the grid is connected with a point outside, using
 the straight line transparency. Horizontal and vertical measurements of
  intersections of the straight line with the the grid and the curved line,
               create a time-bracket and actions to be made.

                                Source: http://www.johncage.info/workscage/fontana.html
Aria with Fontana Mix
Aria with Fontana Mix

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1010 f11 11-23

  • 2. What does a composer do?
  • 4.
  • 7. True or False: Cage’s 4’33’’ consists of only silence. 1. True 2. False 3. I can’t decide
  • 8. According to Cage, Music consists of: • 1) Melody and Harmony • 2) Sound and Silence • 3) Beats and Rhythm
  • 11.
  • 12. Is this music? 1. Yes 2. No 3. I really can’t decide.
  • 13. 0’00’’ (1962) “In a situation with maximum amplification, perform a disciplined action.”
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Does Cage’s music relinquish all control to the performer? 1. Yes 2. No
  • 19. The score consists of 10 sheets of paper and 12 transparencies. The sheets of paper have drawings of 6 differentiated (in thickness and texture) curved lines. 10 of the transparencies have randomly distributed points (the amounts of points on the transparencies are 7, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 26, 29 and 30). Another transparency has a grid, measuring two by ten inches, and the last one contains a straight line (10¾ inch). By superimposition the performer creates a structure from which a performance score can be made: One of the transparencies with dots is placed over one of the sheets with curved lines. Over this one places the grid. A point enclosed in the grid is connected with a point outside, using the straight line transparency. Horizontal and vertical measurements of intersections of the straight line with the the grid and the curved line, create a time-bracket and actions to be made. Source: http://www.johncage.info/workscage/fontana.html
  • 20.
  • 21.