MySQL Cluster Basics

MySQL Cluster Wagner Bianchi – LAD Senior Principal Consulting [email_address]

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Technology Specifications ,[object Object],[object Object],NodeType MachineName IP Management node1 192.168.0.101 Management node2 192.168.0.102 Data/Storage node3 192.168.0.103 Data/Storage node4 192.168.0.104 Data/Storage node5 192.168.0.105 Data/Storage node6 192.168.0.106 SQL/API node7 192.168.0.107 SQL/API node8 192.168.0.108 SQL/API node9 192.168.0.109 SQL/API node10 192.168.0.110

Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],- Part I - Part II

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],# executing na online native backup shell> ndb_mgm –e “START BACKUP”

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],# executing na online native backup shell> ndb_mgm –e “ALL REPORT memoryusage” # checking data node’s status shell> ndb_mgm –e “ALL STATUS”

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],# start or restarting data nodes after its execution shell> ndb_mgm –e “4 [ START | RESTART ]”

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Management Node ,[object Object],# creating directories -> BASEDIR and DATADIR [ root@node1 ~ ] mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql-cluster [ root@node1 ~ ] mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql-cluster [ root@node1 ~ ] cd /usr/local/mysql-cluster # downloading management node necessary packages [ root@node1 ~ ] wget http://downloads.mysql...management.rpm [ root@node1 ~ ] wget http://downloads.mysql...tools.rpm # installing necessary packages [ root@node1 mysql-cluster ] rpm -ivh MySQL-* Preparing... ############################################ [100%] 1:MySQL-Cluster-gpl-management ########################### [100%] 2:MySQL-Cluster-gpl-tools ################################ [100%]

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],# command-line management daemon execution shell> ndb_mgmd --config-file=/path/to/file # using short form to state cluster’s config file shell> ndb_mgmd –f /path/to/file

Management Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[ root@node1 ]# ps aux | grep ndb_mgmd root 103467 17.3 0.7 8398 2564 ? Ssl 3:20 3:55 ndb_mgmd –f /usr/local/mysql-cluster/config.ini # SHOW command retrieves information about cluster [ root@node1 ]# ndb_mgm –e “ SHOW”

Data/Storage Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data/Storage Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data/Storage Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This is the same idea of multi-threaded replication applied on slave server when using MySQL 5.6 (milestone yet!!)

SQL/API Node ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A good strategy for packages… ,[object Object]

Configuration File ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local Configuration File ,[object Object],[object Object],[ndbd] # local ndbd’s configuration file - /etc/my.cnf ndb-connectstring=192.168.0.101:1186,192.168.0.102:1186 NoStart # ndbd do not start after be invoked

Global Configuration File ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Global Configuration File [ndb_mgmd] NodeId=1 HostName=192.168.0.101 [ndbd default] NoOfReplicas=2 DataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster StopOnError=false # angel will restart failed nodes [ndbd] NodeId=2 HostName=192.168.0.102 [ndbd] NodeId=3 HostName=192.168.0.103 [mysqld] NodeIde=4 HostName=192.168.0.104 [mysqld] # free reserved slot – e.g. ndb_restore, the native cli for database restore

The Cluster Connectstring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cluster Partitioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cluster Partitioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cluster Partitioning ,[object Object],[object Object],#some columns were omitted from the final result to better accommodate it -- Per partition info – Partition Row count Commit count Frag fixed memory Frag varsized memory 2 2 2 65536 327680 1 2 2 65536 327680 3 NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

Cluster Partitioning ,[object Object],[object Object],# alter partitions in order to adjust and better accommodate data # among all partitions, fragments and data nodes mysql> ALTER ONLINE TABLE world.City -> REORGANIZE PARTITION; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.52 sec)

Disk-based and In-memory Tables

Disk-based Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disk-based Tables ,[object Object],[object Object]

Disk-based Tables # creating database world mysql> CREATE DATABASE world; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.52 sec) # creating logfile group world_log mysql> CREATE LOGFILE GROUP world_log ADD UNDOFILE ‘world_log.dat’ -> UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE=16M INITIAL_SIZE=200M ENGINE=NDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.23 sec) # creating tablespace world_tbs, where will reside table`s data mysql> CREATE TABLESPACE world_tbs ADD DATAFILE ‘world_tbs.dat’ -> USE LOGFILE GROUP world_log INITIAL_SIZE=500M ENGINE=NDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.09 sec) # restoring world database from world.sql file shell> cat world.sql | sed –e ‘s/ENGINE=MyISAM/STORAGE DISK TABLESPACE world_tbs ENGINE = NDB/g’ | mysql world

Disk-based Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],# on data node (node3) I used ndb_show_tables filtering results shell> ndb_show_tables –c 192.168.1.101 –d world | grep Tablespace 9 Tablespace Online - world_tbs

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],[object Object]

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],# creating a simple view to check that main question CREATE VIEW check_space AS SELECT FILE_NAME, ((TOTAL_EXTENTS * EXTENT_SIZE)/(1024 * 1024)) AS ‘Total MB’, ((FREE_EXTENTS * EXTENT_SIZE)/(1024*1024)) AS ‘Free MB’, ( ((FREE_EXTENTS * EXTENT_SIZE)*100) /(TOTAL_EXTENTS * EXTENT_SIZE) ) AS ‘% Free’, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE ENGINE = ‘NDBCLUSTER’ AND FILE_TYPE = ‘DATAFILE’;

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],# results returned after the query’s execution mysql> select * from check_space; +---------------+----------+----------+---------+----------------+ | FILE_NAME | Total MB | Free MB | % Free | EXTRA | +---------------+----------+----------+---------+----------------+ | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=3 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=4 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=5 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=6 | +---------------+----------+----------+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.11 sec)

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],[object Object],# results returned after the query’s execution mysql> ALTER TABLESPACE world_tbs -> ADD DATAFILE ‘world_tbs-1.dat’ ENGINE=NDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.11 sec) # results returned after the query’s execution mysql> select * from check_space; +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+-----------------+ | FILE_NAME | Total MB | Free MB | % Free | EXTRA | +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+----------------+ | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=3 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=4 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=5 | | world_tbs.dat | 500.0000 | 494.0000 | 98.8000 | CLUSTER_NODE=6 | | world_tbs-1.dat | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | CLUSTER_NODE=3 | | world_tbs-1.dat | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | CLUSTER_NODE=4 | | world_tbs-1.dat | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | CLUSTER_NODE=5 | | world_tbs-1.dat | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | 100.0000 | CLUSTER_NODE=6 | +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+----------------+ 8 rows in set (0.08 sec)

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],# trying to remove a tbs without remove logfile group used mysql> DROP TABLESPACE world_tbs ENGINE=NDB; ERROR 1529 (HY000): Failed to drop TABLESPACE mysql> SHOW WARNINGS; +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ Error | 1296 | Got error 768 'Cant drop filegroup, filegroup is used' from NDB | Error | 1529 | Failed to drop TABLESPACE +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Disk Storage Metadata ,[object Object],# checking if logs are reach its max file size mysql> SELECT CONCAT('CLUSTER NODE: ', node_id) AS NodeId, -> FORMAT(total/1024/1024,0) AS 'Total Space (MB)', -> FORMAT(used/1024/1024,0) AS 'Used Space (MB)' -> FROM logspaces -> GROUP BY NodeId; +-----------------+------------------+-----------------+ | NodeId | Total Space (MB) | Used Space (MB) | +-----------------+------------------+-----------------+ | CLUSTER NODE: 3 | 256 | 0 | | CLUSTER NODE: 4 | 256 | 0 | | CLUSTER NODE: 5 | 256 | 0 | | CLUSTER NODE: 6 | 256 | 0 | +-----------------+------------------+-----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.26 sec)

In-memory Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In-memory Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Good strategy to place’s tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculating DataMemory and IndexMemory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Install epel repository and use “ yum install ”

Calculating DataMemory and IndexMemory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculating DataMemory and IndexMemory ,[object Object],# executing ndb_size.pl on command-line shell> ndb_size.pl --user=wb --password=“123” --hostname=192.168.1.107 --database=world --format=text # checking how much memory is required to put world database into a “MC” Parameter Minimum Requirements (world database) ----------------------------------------------- * indicates greater than default Parameter Default 4.1 5.0 5.1 DataMemory (KB) 81920 480 480 512 NoOfOrderedIndexes 128 3 3 3 NoOfTables 128 3 3 3 IndexMemory (KB) 18432 192 88 88 NoOfUniqueHashIndexes 64 0 0 0 NoOfAttributes 1000 24 24 24 NoOfTriggers 768 15 15 15

MySQL Cluster Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MySQL Cluster Replication ,[object Object],[object Object]

MySQL Cluster Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],# read only will avoid write query execution from any user # apart from root -- root will continue be able to do writes mysql> SET GLOBAL read_only = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL Cluster Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Backup & Restore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Backup – SINGLE USER MODE ,[object Object],# entering single user mode – other SQL/API will be ignored ndb_mgm> ENTER SINGLE USER MODE 4 Single user mode entered Access is granted for API node 4 only ndb_mgm> START BACKUP NOWAIT ndb_mgm> ndb_mgm> EXIT SINGLE USER MODE Exiting single user mode in progress Use ALL STATUS or SHOW to see when single user mode has been exited

Backup – START BACKUP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Backup – START BACKUP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Backup – START BACKUP ,[object Object],# using START BACKUP with NOWAIT and monitoring its process ndb_mgm> START BACKUP NOWAIT ndb_mgm> ALL REPORT BACKUPSTATUS Node 3: Local backup status: backup 3 started from node 1 #Records: 0 #LogRecords: 0 Data: 0 bytes Log: 0 bytes Node 4: Local backup status: backup 3 started from node 1 #Records: 0 #LogRecords: 0 Data: 0 bytes Log: 0 bytes ndb_mgm> Node 3: Backup 3 started from node 1 Node 3: Backup 3 started from node 1 completed StartGCP: 5444 StopGCP: 5447 #Records: 7370 #LogRecords: 0 Data: 497788 bytes Log: 0 bytes

Backup – START BACKUP ,[object Object],[object Object],# listing DataDir/BACKUP subdirectories [root@node3]# ls –l BACKUP-1 # listing files from BACKUP-1 directory [root@node3 BACKUP]# ls -l BACKUP-1/ total 276 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 253388 Jun 7 17:57 BACKUP-1-0.3.Data -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17660 Jun 7 17:57 BACKUP-1.3.ctl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52 Jun 7 17:57 BACKUP-1.3.log

Restore - ndb_restore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Restore - ndb_restore ,[object Object]

Engine Condition Pushdown ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Engine Condition Pushdown Data Nodes Many Rows MySQL Few Rows SQL Query engine_condition_pushdown=0

Engine Condition Pushdown ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Engine Condition Pushdown ,[object Object],engine_condition_pushdown=1 Few Rows MySQL Few Rows SQL Query

Iptraf ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MySQL Cluster’s Architecture

Thanks! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MySQL Cluster Basics

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