Kenya. Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project for Natural Resources Management (Upper Tana Catchment). Faith Muthoni Livingstone, Project Manager, Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project. Furthering water cooperation in rural areas. Making it happen! International Annual UN-Water Zaragoza Conference 2012/2013. Preparing for the 2013 International Year. Water Cooperation: Making it Happen! 8-10 January 2013

1. INTERNATIONAL UN-WATER
CONFERENCE-ZARAGOZA,SPAIN
• 8TH TO 10TH JAN.2013
• PRESENTATION BY: FAITH MUTHONI LIVINGSTONE-
KENYA.
• Case of Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project for Natural
Resources Management ( Upper Tana Catchment).
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2. Country water context
A sustainable, secured water supply is the foundation for
any human development. In Kenyan constitution,
“everyone is entitled to clean and safe environment”-
of which water is included.
 Kenya is water scarce.Land size is 582,646Km2 of which
11,230 KM2 (1.9%) is water and water per capita is
500m3.
 There is rapid deterioration of environment in Kenya’s
five water towers due to human activity(deforestation,
Soil erosion and encroachment into fragile
ecosysthems).
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3. INSTITUTIONS UNDER WATER ACT
2002
 1.MOWI(Policy level)
 2.Water Service Trust Fund(Funding)
 3.Water Management & Water Services
(WARMA;WSRB- Regulatory bodies)
 Catchment Area Advisory Committees-CAACs and
Service Providers(Service )
 Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs );Users
and Consumers.
 NB: Before Water Act 2002,the ministry was
responsible for all: policy, management, service and
regulation.
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4. THE SIX WATER CATCHMENTS
Rift Valley
Lake victoria N
Rift Valley
Lake victoria S Ewaso Ngioro
Lake
Victoria
Ewaso Nyiro
North
Lake
Victoria
South
Tana Tana
Athi Athi
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5. TANA BASIN
• The Tana basin covers an area of 126,026 km2
= 22% of Kenya’s area;
• The basin has 34% of Kenyan surface water, and
24% of Kenyan groundwater
• Tana River is the biggest and longest in Kenya,
with a length of 1,012 km;
• 70% of Kenya’s electricity requirements are
produced from Tana (Hydro);
• 80% of Nairobi city fresh water comes from
Tana Basin (Ndakaini and Sasumua Dams).
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6. Key Actors
• Public sector institutions (govt depts;state
authorities; CAACs;WUAs;WSTF;WAB
• Interested parties ( settlers, institutions,
environmentalists)
• Polluters( coffee factories, municipalities,
industries, sand harvesters etc)
• Lead and Enforcement Agencies
(WARMA;NEMA;WRUAs;Judiciary;Public
Health,Provincial Admin)
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7. Community level management
Institution-WRUA
• This is an association of water users, riparian land owners, or other
stakeholders who have formally and voluntarily associated for the
purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common
water resource.
• Purpose:To
• Promote controlled and legal water use activities;
• Promote good management practices to make efficient and sustainable
use of the water resource;
• Spearhead water conservation practices to ensure sufficient water
reserves that meet the demands of the environment, the wildlife, the
livestock and all the communities who rely on the water resource;
• Work towards reducing conflict in use of the water resource and
participate in solving those that arise; and
• Promote catchment conservation measures to improve water quantities
and quality.
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8. Instruments for Cooperation
• Legislative Frameworks
– EMCA 1999
– Water Act 2002
– Forest Act Act 2005
– Land Policy 2009
– Constitution 2010
 Incentives for cooperation
 Human rights and legal obligations
 Equity and sustainable access
 Information exchange and joint monitoring and
assessment
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9. Financing cooperation
• Water Service Trust Fund(Pool)
• Donors
• Government Departments
• Companies (KENGEN;NWC)
• Community
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10. Achievements of cooperation
• Formation and capacity building of WRUAs;
• Legalization of WRUAs;
• Institutionalization of Planning process through
participatory preparation of Catchment (and sub-
catchment) Mgt Plans;
• Cooperation between farmers, regulators, policy, and
financiers;
• Development of water sources (surface and sub-
surface);
• Improved equity, access, control, efficiency and
sustainability of interventions.
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11. Barriers to cooperation
• Community perceptions regarding water-a
free gift of nature;
• Inadequate data/information to support
decision making;
• Multiplicity of laws and Weak enforcement
• Low community capacity (skills) compared to
new roles and responsibilities.
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12. Key Challenges
• Financial limitations( WSTF is dependent on donor
support);
• Inadequate statistical data/information for decision
making;
• Technological limitations (e.g. in water extraction,
distribution, application,;)
• Poverty/Environment nexus
• Customs/believes e.g bush-burning; low women and
youth access to/control of land;
• Inadequate Land laws & weak enforcement
• Climate change (global warming, droughts and floods)
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13. LESSONS LEARNT
• Participation of key actors is crucial
• Data/information is crucial for decision making
• Gender Equity central for sustainability;
• Accountability is central;
• Capacity building essential;
• Participation of both upstream and down stream
(land mgt and water users) key;
• Replicability of the pilot initiative to other basins.
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14. SOME PICTORIAL-MKEPP NRM
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15. Rain water harvesting
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16. Soil and Water conservation
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17. Human/Wildlife conflict
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18. Ground water development to
augment surface water
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19. Water Quality Monitoring
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20. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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