Section Working Drawing

Section Drawings
Working Drawing
DR. MARWA ABOU HASSAN
DR. RASHA MOUSSA
DR. ABEER SAMI
Ms. WEAM ABDULKARIM
Collage of Architecture and Design
Architecture Department
Lecture 3
PREPARED BY:

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
• A section is an orthographic projection of a
building as it would appear if cut through by
an intersecting vertical plane. It is the premier
drawing for studying and revealing the vital
solid-void relationship between the floors,
walls, and roof structure of a building, and
the vertical dimensions and relationships of
the contained spaces.
• We often use section drawings to design and
communicate the details of a building’s
construction.
• Sectional drawings are drawn in a scale of
1:50 or 1:100
Section

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
On a vertical picture plane, building sections are able to:
1. Specify the construction system and the materials used to construct the
building.
2. Specify the architecture details in the building.
3. Unveil the vertical dimension, levels, shape, and scale of interior spaces.
4. Reveal conditions of support, span, and enclosure, as well as the vertical
arrangement of spaces.
5. Give a vertical view of the building; and of the foundations, walls, floors,
roof and other parts.
6. Show the impact of window and door openings on the interior spaces
7. Show the vertical connections between the internal spaces, as well as
between the interior and exterior.
8. Calculate quantities and estimate the cost of business items that need to
be calculated to indicate height or thickness.
Importance of Section

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
▪ It is recommended for the location of Cutting Plane to pass through:
- Stairs: to show vertical circulation.
- Openings: to show details in windows and doors.
- Important interior spaces: to show interior rooms content Info.
▪ The number of sections required of a building will depend on its size
and complexity. Generally there will be at least two sections - one of these
will be a cross section, across the width of the building. The other will be a
longitudinal section, along the length of the building.
▪ Sections are intended to help the builder construct the building, so the
exact position of the section should be chosen to show as much
construction as possible.
Recommended for the location of Section

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Types of Sections
1. STRUCTURAL SECTION:
A structural section shows the entire building construction and also shows the
interior spaces in elevation.
a) BUILDING LONGUTIDNAL SECTION: takes on the long axis of the
building
b) BUILDING CROSS-SECTION: taken across its narrower dimension.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Types of Sections
2. WALL SECTION:
Shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural
section.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Types of Sections
3. DETAIL SECTION:
• Section views cut through a small segment of a building and
drawn with enlarged scale This are some of part are drawn in
detail drawing
A. Window and door section B. Stair section C. Structural detail
section
• Detail section drawing are drawn in a scale 1:20 or 1:25 package.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Architectural Sections are formed through a set of different projections that
combined together to form them, these projections are:
1.Walls (Section Walls)
2.Elevation Elements
3.Openings (Doors & Windows)
4.Stairs (Steps)
But in Working Drawing Section, We add additional information to the above
set so builders can easily construct the building, These information are:
1.Axis
2.The building vertical dimensions and heights (External and Internal)
3.Floor levels
4.The building structural systems, wall and roof systems
5.Major building finishes (Wall , Ceiling and Floor)
6.Some mechanical and electrical information

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
1) Drafting Drawings(projections):
Start with accurate projections for the specified section.
All Structure system used should be shown in the section drawings and the stairs in
details so builder can differentiate easily between the systems used and the types of
materials used (concrete, steel,…)

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
2) Axes:
All the axes on the plans that the Section line passes through them (Only
axes that are Perpendicular to the section plane) should be drawn in the
section.
Note: if the axis are not Perpendicular to the section plane , we never
draw them.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
The projected axes

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
3) The building vertical dimensions and heights:
There are 2 types of dimension on the section drawing which are:
a) External Dimension
As in the plan drawing, we draw 2 external dimensions (Opening: the nearest
to the building and Total: the far line to the building) but we may add another
one if we have several raises and raised parts on the section, and this line is
called Blocks and we put it between the total and opening lines
Total
Blocks
Openings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
TotalBlocks
Openings
Note:
We put the external dimensions on both sides

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
b) Internal Dimension
This dimension lines show all the internal dimension either total height or the
clear height of the internal spaces. Also we show the heights of the openings
(height of doors and windows, sills and lintels) and the height of any fixed
features (Balustrade and handrails)

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Note:
No Horizontal Dimensions on Section and Elevation Drawings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
4) Floor Levels:
a) External Levels:
We put the level of the section near the external dimensions to show the
nearest levels of the floors

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
b) Internal Levels:
We put these levels to show the difference in level between the slabs because
some of them won’t be shown in the external levels

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
5) Building Finishing Materials:
All the finishing layers should be drawn in details and be shown using leaders,
also we have to write the wall finishing materials

Lecture 3
Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
6) Building constructions materials :
All the construction building parts should be drawn in details and be shown by
the materials’ indications, also we have to write those materials using leaders.
Parapet

Lecture 3
The shape and symbols of the materials
R.C.C. Reinforced Cement Concrete
Gravel - Hardcore
P.C.C. Plain Cement Concrete
Sand
Wood
Bricks
Stone

Lecture 3
Marble
Compacted Soil
Thermal Insulation
Humidity Insulation
(DPC – Waterproof Membrane)

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
7) Opening (Doors and Windows):
Opening should be drawn in details and way of operation should be indicated
Hinged Door Fixed Curtain Wall
Sliding Door
Pivot Window

Lecture 3
Examples of Opening (Doors and Windows) :

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
8) Mechanical , Electrical and Fixed items :
All the mechanical and electrical features should be shown in the section and
written on it its label.
Mechanical Features
Fixed Seats

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Spot Lights
Lighting Units False ceiling (Gypsum Tiles)
False ceiling (Aluminum Strips)

Lecture 3
Elevator Section

Lecture 3
Elevator Detail and its mechanical room in the section

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Basement
9) waterproofing insulation.
waterproofing insulation
Positive Insulation
Negative Insulation
Roof Floor
Toilet/ WC Floor

2R + T = 60 to 63 cm
R = Riser T = Tread
T ranges between 25 to 32 cm
R ranges between 14 to 17 cm
• The actual riser and tread dimensions for a set of stairs are determined by
dividing the total floor-to-floor height by the desired riser height. The result is
rounded off to arrive at a whole number of risers. The total rise is then redivided by
the whole number to arrive at the actual riser height.
• This riser must be checked against the maximum height allowed by the building
code. If necessary, the number risers can be increased by one and the actual riser
height recalculated.
• Once the actual riser height is fixed, the tread run can be determined by using
the 2R+T formula.
• Since in any flight of stairs, there is always one less tread than the number of
risers, the total number of treads and the total run can be easily determined.
R i s e r a n d T r e a d C a l c u l a t i o n s
10) Stairs .

Lecture 3
S t a i r s D e t a i l s

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
11) Suspended Ceiling Details in Section .

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Sus pended plas ter ceilings : Components and
fi xati on

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Gypsum board suspended ceilings are screwed to ordinary light-
gauge steel C-channels or I section that is suspended on steel wires.
Gypsum board suspended ceilings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Acoustical modular suspended ceilings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Metal suspended ceilings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
12) Other Details in Section .

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
STRUCTURE SYSTEM IN HOSPITAL PROJECT
FLAT SLAB SYSTEM :
A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by
concrete columns without the use of beams.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATIONS:
A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a
continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire
footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building, and
transferring its weight to the ground.
The raft is laid on a hardcore, or scalping bed and usually thickened
at the edges

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Raft Foundations are built is this following steps:
1.The soil removed down to correct depth
2.The foundation bed is then compacted by ramming
3.Lay reinforcement on spacers over the foundation bed
4.Pour the concrete over the reinforcement
A Raft Foundation is usually preferred for large loads, which is
why they are so common in commercial , Hospitals and Hotel
building which tend to be much larger, and therefore heavier,
than domestic homes.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
• A raft foundation is also very good for basements that often extend
several stories below ground.
• Engineers pay a great deal of attention to the waterproofing design
of basements
• The best way to do this is to wrap the outside of the basement in a
waterproof layer called a waterproofing membrane. This should
cover the bottom and all sides of the basement, and should be
placed between the soil and the concrete, so that the concrete
always remains dry

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Checklist for Section Drawings
Section element Remarks
• Draw at least one through the most
informative construction
• If a large scale section is drawn also show
a simple 1:100.
• FL to CL heights
• FL floor level
• GL original and finished
• line section up with an elevation.
• Door and windows in walls • refer to BC chart and/or reference.
• Label rooms in section
• Wall finishes • internally and externally.
• Roof construction
Note beams, trusses, pitch materials,
overhangs, etc.
• full details required.
• all sizes, spacings etc.
• Scale • usually 1:100.

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Checklist for Section Drawings

Lecture 3
Section Drawings
Questions ?

Section Working Drawing

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à Section Working Drawing

Similaire à Section Working Drawing (20)

Plus de Weam Adam

Plus de Weam Adam (10)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Section Working Drawing