tools in data presentation criminology facts

1. 5TH GRADE
TOOLS
in
DATA
PRESENTATION

2. Rates
1
A rate expresses the number of
cases of the criterion variable
per unit of population, for
example, per 1,000. These
measures also summarize raw
data in a form that is easier to
read and understand.

3. Suppose City "A" with a population of 1,
500,000 had 400 index crimes in a given year
and City "B" with a population of 900,000 had
250.
City A City B
Crimes 400 250
Population 1,500,000 900,000
Which city has the worse crime problem is not
readily apparent?

4. Calculate the above data:
City "A" Crime Rate =
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟏,𝟓𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
x 100,000 =
26.7
City "B" Crime Rate =
𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟗𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
x 100,000 =
27.7
CR (Crime Rate) =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
x 100,000
The crime rate could be calculated with the hereunder formula:
City "A" has a slightly smaller crime rate of 26.7 than City "B" of

5. Proportions
2
Proportion expresses the
number of cases of the
criterion variable as part of
the total population.
Proportions =
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝑵

6. City "A" Proportion =
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟏,𝟓𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 0.026
City "B" Proportion =
𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟗𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 0.027
In the earlier examples of two cities, calculate:
Proportions are obviously less useful in the above
examples in which the criterion variable is a relatively rare
event.

7. Percentages
3
Percentages are calculated by
dividing a frequency by the total
N and multiplying the result by
100. It can be calculated easily
from proportions.
Percentage = (𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
𝑵

8. City "A" Percentage = (100)
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟏,𝟓𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
.026
City "B" Percentage = (100)
𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟗𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
.027
From the above examples, calculation would be:
In both cities, less than 1 percent of the population were
victimized by crime.

9. Ratios
A ratio simply compares the
number of cases in one
category with the number in
another.
Ratio
=
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝟏
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝟐
4
Sex Ratio =
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑭𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔
x
100

10. Suppose that in a given city 200 crimes were
recorded, 40 of which were committed by females.
The ratio of male to female criminal is 4 to 1.
Ratio =
𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟒𝟎
=
𝟒
𝟏
or
4:1
(Males to Females)
Sex Ratio =
𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟒𝟎
=
𝟒
𝟏
or
4:1
(Males to Females)

11. Suppose

12. Rates
1
A rate expresses the number of
cases of the criterion variable
per unit of population, for
example, per 1,000. These
measures also summarize raw
data in a form that is easier to
read and understand.

13. A rate expresses the number of
cases of the criterion variable
per unit of population, for
example, per 1,000. These
measures also summarize raw
data in a form that is easier to
read and understand.
Rates
01

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Introduction Theory
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