This document summarizes a webinar about reducing composite defects in wind turbine blade manufacturing presented by Santhosh Chandrabalan of 3M Wind Energy. The webinar discussed 3M's Dry Layup Adhesive 2.0 which provides a green-to-clear spray adhesive that reduces the time required for dry layup of fiberglass mats with minimal effect on composite mechanical properties. Testing showed the adhesive has little effect on properties even at high application levels. It was designed to meet stringent environmental regulations and provide visual control without compromising part quality. The webinar concluded with questions and information on accessing a recording of the presentation.

1. #WindWebinar
Reducing Composite
Defects in Blade
Manufacturing

2. #WindWebinar
q This webinar will be available afterwards at
www.windpowerengineering.com & email
q Q&A at the end of the presentation
q Hashtag for this webinar: #WindWebinar
Before We Start

3. #WindWebinar
Paul Dvorak
Editorial Director - Moderator
Windpower Engineering
& Development
Santhosh Chandrabalan
Technical Business Development
Leader – Wind Energy
3M Wind Energy
Reducing Composite Defects in Blade Manufacturing
Featured Speaker…

4. 3M Deutschland GmbH
4 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Dry Lay Up Adhsive 2.0
Effective
Innovation
Santhosh K Chandrabalan
3M Renewable Energy Division

5. 3M Deutschland GmbH
5 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M

6. 3M Deutschland GmbH
6 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
3M Renewable Energy Division – Wind Energy
§ 3M enabling more efficient and reliable Wind Turbine Rotor Blades
produced and maintained faster and safer
§ Leveraging 3M’s core competencies in the field of films, adhesives, tapes, coatings
and the inventive power of 40+ additional corporate technology platforms
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Fluoromaterials
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Light
Management
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Medical Data
Management
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Composites
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Detection &
Control
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Modeling
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Application
Software

7. 3M Deutschland GmbH
7 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Innovative Solutions for the Wind Industry
Rotorblade
Surface
Rotorblade
Structure
Rotorblade
Process
Vortex Generators
Aerodynamic Optimization of
Installed Wind Turbines with
customized enhancement
solutions
Blade Bonding Adhesive
offering long pot life and
s=ll 50% faster cure -
addi=onally increasing
crack resistance/fa=gue
behaviour Dry Layup Adhesive
Red colored spray adhesive
to efficiently fix the fiber
mats during dry layup
Erosion Protec9on Solu9ons
Tapes and new coa=ng offering
best-in-class erosion resistance
and interes=ng process-related
advantages in the blade
produc=on
§ Reduce cycle =me
§ Lower blade costs
§ Faster, efficient blade throughput
§ Increase strength
§ Decrease weight
§ Lower blade costs
§ Reduce cycle =me
§ Enhance mechanical proper=es
§ Improve laminate quality
§ Improve resistance to erosion
§ An=-Icing and An=-Fouling
§ Reduce cycle =me
§ Improve aerodynamics
§ Reduce interference with radar
§ Easier to maintain
Nano Matrix Resin
Innova=ve resins
significantly increasing
many mechanical
proper=es including
compression strength of
CFRP spar caps
Wind Repair Fillers
Easy and fast to apply
filler offering significant
=me savings before
sanding

8. 3M Deutschland GmbH
8 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
3M™ W7900 – Revolutionary composite spray adhesive
Problem
§ Holding fiberglass on vertical surface is a challenge in the wind blade lay up process
§ Traditional method to tack fiberglass layers is very time consuming
§ Traditional method to tack layers of fiberglass is labor intensive and operator dependent
§ Fiberglass movement can cause wrinkles and waves in the final laminate
§ Need to be an EHS safe solution
§ Need a visual control without sacrificing end part quality
§ Not to have minimum intrusion to Composite Mechanical properties
Features
§ Meeting most stringent EHS regulations (Meet's California's EHS Requirements)
§ Non particle based sprayable system – Less hindrance on mechanical properties
§ Fast tacking with a long work time range from 15 seconds to 30 minutes
§ Green color providing visual application control
§ Innovative color changing feature has little to no effect on final visual part quality
§ Robotic application possible
Advantages
§ Reduce the amount of time required for dry layup

9. 3M Deutschland GmbH
9 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Fiber Glass Lay Up Aids
Past
Present - Spray
Future – DLUA 2.0
4X Application
Past - Spray
DLUA
Green to Clear w Epoxy

10. 3M Deutschland GmbH
10 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
DLUA 2.0 Product Overview

11. 3M Deutschland GmbH
11 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
W7900 Color Changing Effect – In Infusion
Visual Application Control
No Impact on Final Part Appearance

12. 3M Deutschland GmbH
12 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Standard Spray Adhesives vs DLUA 2.0
3M DLUA 2.0Standard Particle Spray
§ Particle based bonding
§ Red color
§ Minimum intrusion to infusion
§ Minimum effect on Composites
mechanical
§ Designed to provide process and
quality benefits
§ Chemical bonding
§ Green to clear
§ Little to no intrusion to the infusion
process
§ Expected to have least effect on
Composites mechanical
§ Designed to provide process and
quality benefits combined with
final aesthetics
Standard Lace Spray
§ Contact adhesive – Designed to
bond to itself
§ Higher product concentration
needed for adequate bonding
§ Intrusive for infusion process due
to lace patterns
§ Residual stress and loss in
mechanical properties due to lace
pattern

13. 3M Deutschland GmbH
13 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
** Per John Mandell and David Miller, PhD, the delamination load is approximately proportional to the
square root of the delamination energy values, GIC & GIIC
* As per MSU Testing
Property Control
DLUA Typical
Application Level
(2010)
DLUA 2.0 Typical
Application Level
(2015)
0 g/m2 ~ 0.5 g/ft2 ~ 0.5 g/ft2
Fatigue --- No change No change
Tensile Strength - Longitudinal --- No change No change
Tensile Strength - Transverse --- No change No change
Compression Strength - Longitudinal --- No change No change
Compression Strength - Transverse --- No change No change
Short Beam Shear Strength --- -15% No change
ENF Mode II Fracture Toughness Energy, GIIC
Approximate ENF Load, GIIC
1/2** ---
-15%
-8%
No change
No change
DCB Mode I Fracture Toughness, GIC
Approximate DCB Load, GIIC
1/2** ---
No change
No change
No change
No change
DLUA vs DLUA 2.0 – Recommended Level (Montana State University)
No change on final composite properties*

14. 3M Deutschland GmbH
14 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
** Per John Mandell and David Miller, PhD, the delamination load is approximately proportional to the
square root of the delamination energy values, GIC & GIIC
* As per MSU testing
Property Control
DLUA Over
Application
(2010)
DLUA 2.0 Over
Application
(2015)
0 g/m2 15.0 g/m2 15.0 g/m2
Fatigue --- No change No change
Tensile Strength - Longitudinal --- No change No change
Tensile Strength - Transverse --- No change No change
Compression Strength - Longitudinal --- No change No change
Compression Strength - Transverse --- No change No change
Short Beam Shear Strength --- -40% -25%
ENF Mode II Fracture Toughness Energy, GIIC
Approximate ENF Load, GIIC
1/2** ---
-37%
-20%
-24%
-13%
DCB Mode I Fracture Toughness, GIC
Approximate DCB Load, GIIC
1/2** ---
No change
No change
No change
No change
DLUA vs DLUA 2.0 – 3X Application (Montana State University)
Minimum effect on final laminate even at 3X application*

15. 3M Deutschland GmbH
15 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Standard Spray Adhesives vs DLUA 2.0 – “Nozzle Plugging”
§ Clogged traditional spray adhesives à cleaning of nozzle required
§ No clogged nozzle of green spray can (DLUA 2.0)

16. 3M Deutschland GmbH
16 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
3M™ DLUA vs DLUA 2.0 – Higher Shear and Peel
Provides higher Shear & Peel Properties to hold
the reinforcement in place with single (one side)
application
Shear Peel

17. 3M Deutschland GmbH
17 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
DLUA 2.0 EHS Overview
§ Newly developed product with a unique formulation from other 3M spray
adhesives
§ DLUA 2.0 and standard spray systems are completely different (Both in
formulation and bonding mechanism)
§ Differences in formula vs. standard spray
― Different solvent systems: DLUA 2.0 is acetone/ cyclohexane based and standard
spray systems are dimethyl ether/ methyl acetate/ cyclohexane based
― W7900 has a green dye so it will be visible when you use it. Therefore, you can
accurately use the correct amount
― With <25% VOC, its the only formulation that is accepted by most stringent EHS
regulations (California Regulations)

18. 3M Deutschland GmbH
18 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Innovati
ve
Color
Change
Better
EHS
<25%
VOC**
Better
Composite
Properties
No Impact on
Mechanical
Properties*
Robust
Improved
Sprayability
DLUA 2.0 – In Summary
*when applied at recommended levels as per Montana State University testing
**in accordance to US EHS regulations

19. 3M Deutschland GmbH
19 3 November 2015. All Rights Reserved.© 3M
Making progress
possible
Santhosh Krishna Chandrabalan
Technical Business Development Leader
Wind Energy - Renewable Energy Division
E-Mail: schandrabalan@mmm.com
Tel: 651-230-5043
www.3M.com/wind

20. #WindWebinar
Paul Dvorak
Editorial Director - Moderator
Windpower Engineering
& Development
Santhosh Chandrabalan
Technical Business
Development
3M Wind Energy
schandrabalan@mmm.com
Reducing Composite Defects in Blade Manufacturing
Questions?
@Windpower_Eng

21. #WindWebinar
Thank You
q This webinar will be available at
www.windpowerengineering.com & email
q Tweet with hashtag #WindWebinar
q Connect with Windpower Engineering & Development
q Discuss this on EngineeringExchange.com