Fesibility study on HIV AIDS report April 2006

Feasibility Study
for a possible program on HIV/AIDS
in Ethiopia
By
Wubshet Mamo & Lars Hartvigson
April 28 2006

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Wubshet Mamo & Lars Hartvigson, Forum Syd, Feasibility Study, 2006
Table of Contents
Contents Pages
Executive Summary 3
Acronyms 5
Acknowledgements 6
1. Introduction 7
1.1. Forum Syd and its policies 8
1.2. The Forum Syd understanding of a program 8
1.3. Motives for an HIV/AIDS program in Ethiopia 8
1.4. Introduction of the feasibility study 9
1.5. Purpose of the feasibility study 9
2. Contextual preferences 10
2.1. HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia 10
2.2. Capacity of the CBO/NGO-sector in Ethiopia 12
2.3. Coordination and networking on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia 14
2.4. Present cooperation between CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia and funding
organs in Sweden 15
3. Partnerships in a possible program on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia 16
3.1. Methodology 16
3.1.1. CBO:s/NGO:s involved in the study and choosing criteria 16
3.1.2. Interviews of CBO:s/NGO:s 17
3.1.3. Description of CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia working with HIV/AIDS 18
3.1.4. SWOT on CBO:s/NGO:s 22
4. A possible program on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia 28
4.1. Methodology of process oriented program development 29
4.1.1. LFA-seminar 29
4.1.1.a. Objectives of a program on HIV/AIDS Ethiopia 30
4.1.1.b. Target area and groups 31
4.1.1.c. Methods of implementation 31
4.1.2 Discussion on content and organisation of program 31
4.1.2.a. The role of Forum Syd 32
4.1.2.b. The role of Ethiopian organisations 32
4.1.2.c. The role of Swedish organisations 33
4.1.2.d. The content of the program 33
4.1.2.e. Key elements of the program 34
4.1.2.f. Organisation of the program 36
4.1.2.g. Resource implications 37
5. Risk analysis 38
6. Recommendations 38
7. Appendices
I. References
II. Terminologies & key research findings
III. Terms of references
IV. Questionnaires
V. Invitation to LFA seminar
VI. Lists of interviewed organisations
VII. Description of CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia working with HIV/AIDS
VIII. Organisation scheme
IX. The out come from LFA seminar (problem tree)
X. Geographical map of Ethiopia

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
AIDS is now recognized as the leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.
HIV/AIDS is not only a health problem thus; public health intervention alone cannot avert the
increasing trend of HIV/AIDS. It is a development challenge and has to be considered in all
development co-operations.
Forum Syd is one of the NGOs that work directly with the development of the civil society.
The basic principle of Forum Syd is to strengthen the civil society. Forum Syd work directly
with and promote the civil society organisations so that they have the ability to reach all
groups in the society, from marginalized people to leadership structures. Regarding the
HIV/AIDS situation in Ethiopia the major bottleneck is that often organisations do not have
the capacity and/or the resources needed to cover their HIV/AIDS activities. Therefore,
Forum Syd has a reason to believe that by combining the resources, efforts and expertise of
several organisations, for example in a program, it could be possible to work more effectively
on a larger scale.
It was therefore this feasibility study was initiated and the general aim of this feasibility study
is based on the Forum Syd stand point on development cooperation together with the Swedish
and local (Ethiopian) partner organizations to develop a program that focuses on HIV/AIDS
and eventually on women health in Ethiopia.
In this study 14 local CBOs and NGOs have been approached, interviews and dialogues were
made; problems and objectives were identified by these organisations using participatory
approaches; based on these a possible program was designed.
Facing the obvious needs for further interventions to fight HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia local
Ethiopian organisations participating in this study have been committed to realise the
commonly agreed objectives and to have the capacity to implement. With clear tasks and
roles for the three involved parties i.e. Forum Syd, Swedish organisations and local Ethiopian
organisations, a program with well defined objectives in a limited geographical area will have
the possibility to significantly reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS among target groups. The
program will rely on two pillars, the HIV/AIDS prevention fund, that will support (fund)
projects targeting the objectives, and the capacity building intervention that will realise
capacity building measures among partner organisations and increase the effectiveness and
quality of the implementation among partner organisations.
We recommend a program on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia that basis on a participatory approach.
The program should focus primarily on prevention of HIV/AIDS through interventions that
reaches the whole community as well as targeting segments such as youth, children, women
and other vulnerable groups. A more focus on women and youth is recommended, since they
are vulnerable groups and there is a need for more prevention strategies targeting youth and
women.
We recommend, using participatory approaches, to include stakeholders in Ethiopia and
Sweden in the further exploration of the design and organisation of the programme.
We also recommend Forum Syd that to integrate an LFA-seminar in the program start-up
phase that should build on the first LFA-seminar (i.e. held during the feasibility study) but
with more focus on gender, youth and capacity building. The purpose with this seminar
would be to produce more measurable objectives and indicators linked to youth, gender and

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capacity building. These objectives and indicators will give a more clear direction for the
suggested HIV/AIDS prevention fund and the capacity building intervention.
This document tried to identify some of the existing gaps in the fight against HIV/AIDS in
Ethiopia and proposes ways of addressing some of the problem. The program we recommend
could lead to significantly reduced incidence of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.

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ACRONYMS
ACPF African Child Policy Forum
AGOHELD Abebech Gobena Yehetsanat Kebekabena Limat Dirijit
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
ANC Anti Natal Care
APDA Afar Pastoralist Development Association
ART Anti Retroviral Therapy
ARV Anti Retro Viral
CBISDO Community Based Integrated and Sustainable Development Organization
CBO Community Based Organization
CD4 Cluster of Differentiation 4 (a human T-cell type -4 sub population)
DANIDA Danish International Development Agency
EU European Union
FBO Faith Based Organization
FGM Female genital mutilation (cut)
HAART Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy
HAPCO HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office
HAPCSO HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care & Support Organization
HBC Home Based Care
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTP Harmful traditional practices
HVL HIV Viral Load
Idir Ethiopian traditional self-help system
IFSO Integrated Family Service Organization
JIDA Jigjiga Indigenous Development Association
Kebele An official/government community authority/office
LeO Local (Ethiopian) organization
MTCT Mother To Child Transmission
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MOH Ministry of Health
NGO Non Governmental Organization
OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children
PLWHA People Living With HIV/AIDS
SEK Swedish Kronor (the official currency in Sweden)
Sida Swedish International Development cooperation Agency
SNNPR Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region
STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STI Sexual Transmitted Infection
SveO Swedish (in Sweden) organization
TB Tuberculosis
TOR Terms of Reference
UDC L’Union pour le Development Culturel
UN United Nations
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Program on AIDS
UNDP United Nations Development Program
USAID United States Agency for International Development
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing
WHO World Health Organization
Woreda A sub zone in Ethiopia

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our gratitude to all organisations and individuals for their contribution and
participation that made this feasibility study successful. Thanks to their expertise knowledge
and willingness to share their experiences and ideas that this report of a possible HIV/AIDS
Program in Ethiopia has been completed.
We would like to thank the following organisations (other than the organisations included in
the study)/individuals who provided valuable inputs to this study: Dan Church Aid (DCA)
Addis office, Save the Children Sweden and Central Diseases Control (CDC) Ethiopia.
We would like to thank individuals, Luz Baastrup, Helena Holver Hasselbom and Maria
Kempe from Forum Syd for their participation and encouragement during the course of the
seminar.
Dr Wubshet Mamo & Lars Hartvigson
Feasibility Study Consultants
Dr Wubshet Mamo Lars Hartvigson
Forum Syd Stockholm
Box 154 07
104 65 Stockholm
Sweden
Phone: +46-8-506 370 00
Fax: +46-8-506 370 99
E-mail: forum.syd@forumsyd.se
http://www.forumsyd.se

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Forum Syd and its policies
International development co-operation is an investment in ensuring poor people a better life,
in environmental conservation and peace, in democracy and equality. It should pave the way
for equal relations and make itself redundant. Sweden is one of the European countries that
have a strong tradition of international development cooperation/assistance to the developing
world like Africa. The overall goal of Swedish development cooperation is to raise the
standard of living of poorer groups of people in the world.
Forum Syd understand that people are poor since they have been deprived their fundamental
rights. The strategies developed to promote change should therefore be developed from a
right base perspective. There are three critical values that underpin how vision and strategies
will be implemented according to Forum Syd;
1. Development cooperation will lead to development of democracy and the respect for
human rights.
2. Development cooperation will lead to development of equal rights for men and
women
3. Development cooperation will promote a sustainable environment
Forum Syd, is the Swedish NGO Centre for Development Cooperation and is a Swedish
umbrella organisation consisting of over 200 Swedish members. Forum Syd as an umbrella
organisation that acts on behalf of its member organisations and is not an implementing
agency, but may decide to be proactive when it comes to initiating new methods or new focus
of importance in development cooperation. Forum Syd encourages the partnership method in
development cooperation and also those co-operations should be locally owned.
Forum Syd supports and strengthen civil societies in Sweden and in the South/East. The
strength of Forum Syd is that it has a great variety of membership organisations and contacts
with civil society organisations all over the world. It is also an organisation with expertise in
organisational development and capacity building areas that may be utilised in Programs.
Forum Syd has together with its member organisations and partner organisations identified
HIV/AIDS as an increasingly important factor in development cooperation. By providing the
necessary supports/assistance Forum Syd wishes to promote the development of a robust civil
society in the partner countries and to strengthen the LeOs. The activities focus on like
partnership and capacity building and long-term cooperation with the organisations concerned
are important ingredients.
According to the Forum Syd’s policy referred, as “Diversity is our Strength” (Forum Syd,
2001, Diversity is our strength, Stockholm) the main roles of Forum Syd as an umbrella
organisation are: (i)- to be the appropriate media for exchange of experiences, (ii)- to provide
Program support, (iii)- to act as a strategic actor, (iv)- to act as a service giving and
coordinating agency, (v)- to act as an interest organisation for its member organisations and,
(vi)- to act as a distributor of Sida grants allocated for civil society organisations.

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1.2. The Forum Syd understanding of a program
Forum Syd has during the cause of this feasibility study been working with its own definition
what a program is. According to the Forum Syd definition a program is a coordination of
different development interventions within a specific geographic area/a specific topic, such as
gender equality, HIV/AIDS, democracy, education. The purpose of a program is to
create/increase the quality and effectiveness of the development cooperation.
A program can include several initiatives and activities, but should be within a defined
framework. One of the possible advantages working with a program could be that within the
collaborative works is the synergism that could be created and can be quickly completed with
the necessary activities. Importantly, working with a program contributes to a simple and cost
effective collaboration.
1.3. Motives for an HIV/AIDS program in Ethiopia
Ethiopia as a long time partner with Sida is among the most heavily affected countries in the
world by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The effect of HIV/AIDS is considered by far the largest
negative contributor to the low level of the human development index of Ethiopia. By any
measure, in addition to the high level of extreme poverty HIV/AIDS has now become one of
the most burning national crisis and development issues in Ethiopia.
Forum Syd’s policy is to create stronger civil societies with better impact on development
cooperation therefore, is committed to support and strengthen civil societies in Sweden as
well as in the South/East. Therefore, establishing a program should lead to a coordinated and
effective development cooperation that should benefit the civil society.
The Forum Syd cooperation and assistance in the area of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia has so far
been by assisting individual local organisations (LeOs)/projects or efforts located in different
part of the country through their Swedish partners i.e. SveOs. This type of individual
organisations/ projects based cooperation and assistance strengthens the capacity of those
individual organisations giving less access to coordinated, broader and intensified efforts at
all national levels.
On the other hand the magnitude of the problem i.e. the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the country
is increasing as the population increases and the access to proper diagnosis and treatment
decreases.
Forum Syd has together with its Swedish organisations (SveOs) identified HIV/AIDS as an
increasingly important factor in development cooperation. More over the need for an
expanded and stronger form of cooperation and assistance namely the need for a Program on
HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia has been strongly stressed and addressed by SveOs to Forum Syd.
From the cooperation standpoint is that since Forum Syd as an umbrella organisation acts on
behalf of its member organisations can be proactive when it comes to initiating new methods
or new focus of importance in development cooperation such as developing a Program.
Developing Programs for development cooperation is part of the Forum Syd policy as well as
the strategy document (Forum Syd, 2003a: Forum Syd’s strategier inför 2010, Stockholm).

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Therefore, Forum Syd has been encouraged to work in a broader, more stronger and efficient
form by bringing together and through coordination of different efforts on averting the
HIV/AIDS pandemic in Ethiopia and achieve more efficient development assistance to
strengthen the civil society through developing a program. Such a program may enable
Forum Syd in a better and efficient way to coordinate local and international resources and
create stronger civil societies with better impact on development cooperation.
Using the possible program it can be possible to meet the dual challenge of rapidly scaling up
effective HIV interventions, while building the capacity for sustaining them.
1.4. Introduction of the feasibility study
Initially the need to develop a program on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia was identified both by
Forum Syd and the member organisations in Sweden (SveOs). Forum Syd as an umbrella
organisation works on many different levels to encourage its members and other development
organisations to share experiences and facilitate cooperation in order to improve development
work. It was therefore this feasibility study was initiated and the general aim of this feasibility
study is based on the Forum Syd standpoint on development cooperation together with the
Swedish and local (Ethiopian) partner organizations to develop a program that focuses on
HIV/AIDS and eventually on women health in Ethiopia that Forum Syd should eventually
develop.
It was decided that consultants should carry out a feasibility study of a possible HIV/AIDS
program in Ethiopia during March – April 30 2006. A TOR was designed to guide the
consultants (see Appendix III). Moreover, a reference group is established in Sweden
consisting of 8 members including one member from Forum Syd, the project officer for
Ethiopia. The major tasks of this reference group is to read the reports produced by the
Swedish consultants performing the feasibility study and discuss and comment on the content
of the report and later the recommendation.
The timeframe of feasibility study was from 20th
February to 10th
May 2006 and covering 2
months study in Ethiopia. The final report was scheduled to be submitted in May 2006.
The scope of the feasibility study: According to the TOR the study will be focused on
Ethiopia. The survey study included almost all of Forum Syd’s Swedish member
organisations (SveOs) local partners (LeOs) working on HIV/AIDS and women health in
different geographical regions of Ethiopia. The Forum Syd consultants made the selection of
other eventual partner organisations that have been included on the survey.
1.5. Purpose of the feasibility study
The purpose of this feasibility study is based on the Forum Syd standpoint on development
cooperation together with the Swedish and local (Ethiopian) partner organizations to develop
a program that focuses on HIV/AIDS and eventually on women health in Ethiopia that Forum
Syd should eventually develop.

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2. CONTEXTUAL PREFERENCES
2.1. HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is one of the world's oldest civilizations. It is also one of the world's poorest
countries, with per capita income of US$100 (year 2000). Ethiopia's population, estimated at
70 million in 2005, is the second largest in sub-Saharan Africa and is projected to continue to
grow by over 2 percent annually through 2025. Ethiopia's population is young and ethnically
diverse. 85 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Ethiopia is highly dependent on
foreign development assistance. The revenues generated within the country account for
approximately 64 % of the total domestic budget. The remainder is provided through
development cooperation projects and programmes. Although Ethiopia is one of the largest
recipients of external assistance in Africa, it receives less per capita than comparable
countries. Some 30 % of total assistance is used for humanitarian purposes.
It is believed that HIV/AIDS started to spread in Ethiopia in the early 1980s. The first
evidence of HIV infection (i.e. zero positive for HIV-1 antibodies) dates from 1984, and the
first AIDS cases reported in 1986 (Lester FT, Ayehune S, Zewdie D. "Aquired
immunodeficiency: seven cases in Addis Ababa hospital." Ethiop Med J 1988; 26:139-45).
In 1987, the government established an HIV/AIDS department within the Ministry of Health,
and in 1988, an HIV surveillance system was established. In 1989, the Health Bureau of the
Addis Ababa City Administration began HIV sentinel surveillance. Currently, there are plenty
HIV sentinel surveillance sites reporting to the MOH. As the overwhelming majority of them
are in urban areas, an enormous segment of the rural population remains uncovered by the
system, despite that HIV/AIDS increased rapidly during the 1990s (Ethiopian MOH, Disease
Prevention and Control Department. AIDS in Ethiopia: Background, Projections, Impacts,
Interventions, Policy, 3rd edition, Addis Ababa: 2000). Currently, up to 42 percent of all
hospital beds in the country are occupied by AIDS patients. Ethiopia has the sixth-highest
number of TB cases in the world. About 42 percent of adult (15-49) TB cases were HIV-
positive during 2000.
A report by the MOH places the national adult prevalence rate at 4.4%, with urban prevalence
rate higher than the rural. In 2003 alone, there were an estimated 197,000 new infections,
98,000 new AIDS cases and 90,000 deaths due to HIV/AIDS. There were a total of 128,000
HIV-positive pregnancies and an estimated 35,000 HIV-positive births. The HIV prevalence
in 2003 was higher among women (5.0%) than men (3.8%) and higher in the urban (12.6%)
than the rural population (2.6%). In terms of the number of new HIV cases rural incidence
has surpassed urban incidence by the year 1997 and is estimated to have reached about
150,000 by 2005. A total of 4.6 million children under 17 years are OVC, of which 537,000
were orphaned due to AIDS. Among children aged 0-14 years, there were 35,000 new
infections, 25,000 new AIDS cases and 25,000 deaths (Ethiopian MOH, Disease Prevention
and Control Department. AIDS in Ethiopia, 4th edition. Addis Ababa: October 2002).
The age group with the highest HIV prevalence rate is between the ages of 15 and 24 years, at
8.6% followed by the age groups 25 – 34 and 35 – 49 with prevalence rates of 8.1% and 6.3%
respectively. But, urban – rural figures for age groups show that the highest rate is registered
for urban residents within the age group 24 – 35 at 12.5%.

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The geographical distribution of HIV prevalence in Ethiopia is characterized by marked
differences between urban and rural areas even within the same region. Urban ANC centres in
Afar, Amhara, Gambella and Benshangul Gumz regions recorded the highest HIV urban
prevalence rates in Ethiopia at 24%, 20.2%, 18.7% and 15.4% respectively. On the other
hand, the lowest urban prevalence rates were reported from Somali and Harari regions with
the highest reported rates from among ANC centres in these regions being 7.3% and 7.8%.
Similar records in Dire Dawa City Administration and urban ANCs in Oromia, SNNPR and
Tigray were nearer to the national urban average at 14.4%, 13%, 12.4% and 11.3%
respectively. Data indicate that heterosexual and MTCT transmission account for almost all
HIV infections in the country. Although it appears to be relatively low, HTP and unsafe
injections do also contribute to HIV transmission (Ethiopian MOH, Disease Prevention and
Control Department. AIDS in Ethiopia, 4th edition. Addis Ababa: October 2002).
On the highway route between Addis Ababa and Djibouti port passes about 1000 trucks every day, with a
possibility for the truck drivers to stopover, mostly overnight stays in the small towns situated along the road
and accommodated with plenty of bars and prostitutes. This route has been reported as one of the routes that
contribute to the highest transmission of HIV in the country.
Gender disparities in enrolment ratios and educational attainment levels are high. The
country's high maternal mortality ratio is also an indication not only of poor reproductive
health, but also of women's low status and poor access to basic health services. Many
Ethiopian women have little power in sexual negotiation with their husbands. Almost 14
percent of currently married women in Ethiopia are in a polygynous union. Other issues that
render Ethiopian women vulnerable to HIV include rape, abduction, and early marriage.
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS is high among Ethiopians. However, as is the case in many
countries, women are less likely than men to have heard of HIV/AIDS. Women are also much
less knowledgeable than men about programmatically important ways to avoid contracting
HIV. Although studies show that it has decreased compared to the 90th
, HIV/AIDS-related
stigma is high.
It is estimated that AIDS will reduce life expectancy by 9 to 13 percent through 2050. AIDS
has already increased the number of deaths in Ethiopia by 6 percent. Between 2000 and 2015,
it will increase the number of deaths in Ethiopia by 27 percent. By 2014, there will be a
cumulative total of 5.3 million AIDS deaths (UNAIDS/WHO, 2004. AIDS Epidemic Update
December 2004). AIDS epidemic is eroding the development in the areas of education, access

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to health care and economic development of the country. The health care sector, military and
the mobile work force are also significantly affected.
Key findings include:
Urban HIV prevalence rates continue to be high at 13.7 percent while the HIV
prevalence rate for rural areas remains relatively low at 3.7 percent
The highest prevalence of HIV is seen in the group 15 to 24 years of age, representing
"recent infections"
Age and sex distribution of reported AIDS cases shows that about 91 percent of
infections occur among adults between 15 and 49 years. Given that the age range
encompasses the most economically productive segment of the population, the
epidemic impacts negatively on labour productivity
Data also show that the number of females infected between 15 and 19 years is much
higher than the number of males in the same age group
National response
The Council of Ministers endorsed the National HIV/AIDS policy in August of 1998. The
policy identifies strategies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate impacts of the epidemic.
Building on this national policy, the Government of Ethiopia has issued a national Multi-
Sectoral HIV/AIDS Strategic plan for 2000-2004. This strategic plan focuses on the following
objectives:
Creating a conducive environment for an expanded response to HIV/AIDS epidemic,
Preventing transmission of HIV through sexual contact and blood,
Providing comprehensive and human care to people living with HIV/AIDS and their
families,
Coordinating and fostering a multisectoral approach to HIV/AIDS control and
prevention and
Supporting and strengthening HIV/AIDS research.
2.2. Capacity of the CBO/NGO-sector in Ethiopia:
Community participation is a key feature of successful health programmes.
Although Ethiopia's CBO/NGO sectors are small and have limited capacity, a large number
of indigenous organisations are engaged in the area of HIV/AIDS. These organisations are
engaged in various activities including prevention and control of the disease and mitigation of
its impact on especially vulnerable target groups; provision of care and support services;
provision of VCT; raising HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy and networking; promoting the
participation of community level and religious associations; mobilising and organising
community initiatives including PLWHA associations and initiating children/youth/girls
clubs against HIV/AIDS.
On the other hand, the NGO sector is the relatively strongest category of civil society in
Ethiopia. However, most of the NGOs are not formed as a result of popular movements.
Rather they are usually established by few concerned individuals and have very limited
constituency. This organisational structure puts a serious capacity limitation on carrying out
effective advocacy work. Other limitations include lack of adequate skill and resources, lack
of strong and viable networks and coordination mechanisms, limited access to government
decision-making processes, reluctance in designing sustainability programs, etc. Most civil

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society organisations, in particular NGOs, have been engaged in creating awareness among
the public on various issues, they have developed a certain degree of ability to create opinion
among the public.
Most NGOs concentrate on HIV/AIDS awareness creation. Activities are largely concentrated
in and around major cities and, thus far, have had little impact on rural populations. They are
also on a limited scale, reaching only a small fraction of the population in need of services.
They are not inadequately funded and are often intermittent because of irregular and
insufficient funding.
Traditional structures like Idir (traditional self-help system), professional associations, labour
unions, and associations of PLWHA are also part of the civil society involved in the fight
against the epidemic. There are two national PLWHA associations in Ethiopia: Dawn of
Hope and Mekdim Ethiopia HIV Positive Persons and AIDS Orphans National Association.
These associations provide an array of HIV/AIDS services and have branches of local
associations of PLWHA at regional and lower levels. In addition to these national
associations, there are a large number of regional and local associations across the country.
For instance, a recent context analysis identified around 40 local (Zone and Woreda) level
associations networking with the Amhara Region branch of the Dawn of Hope PLWHA
Association.
There are a number of religious and FBOs in Ethiopia providing HIV/AIDS prevention, care
and support. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian Evangelical Church, and the
Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council with funding from USAID and are working with
Pathfinder International to raise HIV awareness and extend care and support services. A large
number of religious organisations through a multi-faith coalition, The Ethiopian Interfaith
Forum for Development and Action are also involved in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and
support programs. Moreover, most religious structures at the community level are undertaking
HIV/AIDS programs targeting local communities in their operation areas. However, the
absence of consensus among religious leaders and FBOs on the acceptability of the use of
condoms as a preventive measure has negatively impacted on the effectiveness of these
programs.
Although FBOs share the problems other NGOs face in terms of having relevant skills and
human resources and coping up with unreliable donor funding, they are able to better
influence public opinion among their constituencies. Moreover, there seems to be a more
favourable environment and cooperation from the side of the government for these
organisations, especially those belonging to the major religions in the country. There are
faith-based organisations in Ethiopia providing HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and support.
Some influential religious leaders appear to be publicly supporting action against HIV/AIDS
(though not condom promotion and use).
The National AIDS Prevention exercises the overall mandate and responsibility to coordinate
efforts to combat HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia and Control Council that was established in 2000 as
a multi-sectoral national organisation chaired by the President of Ethiopia. The Council has
85 members including UNAIDS, government Ministries, NGOs, religious and FBOs,
associations of PLWHA, and civil society. In 2002, the National HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control Office (HAPCO), the secretariat of the Council, was established as an autonomous
federal agency with the mandate to coordinate and direct the implementation of the country’s
HIV/AIDS policy and programs. Since then, all regional states have established similar
structures with mandates within their territories. However, the coordination structure put in

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place by the government has failed to demonstrate efficient coordination and leadership
especially at the regional level. This has been attributed to shortage of qualified professional
staff, bureaucratic constraints within the Ministry of Health, limited capacity to manage
available resources, and the high costs associated with the bulky federal and regional
structure of HAPCO.
On the other hand the kebele (an official/government community authority/office) may act as
forum for community initiatives and as a link between the community and outside institutions
if they can overcome bureaucratic intransigence and create an enabling environment.
However, some of the CBOs we interviewed seem to have either very limited or have no
cooperation with the kebele offices. This has created some hindrance to their activities and
unnecessary bureaucratic intransigence in some of the CBOs.
We have approached, interviewed and studied several CBOs and NGOs engaged with
different activities and stages of planning and implementing preventive and care/support
programs and also learned about their progress, operations and effectiveness. Most of the
CBOs we contacted are in process of carrying out HIV/AIDS prevention programs on a
limited scale, their self initiative, their knowledge and acceptance by the community and their
relative cost-effectiveness render them suitable as owners, advocates and participants in
programs. Some of the CBOs are operating in integrated primary health and HIV/AIDS
prevention programs that have a multi-disease, multi-organisational and poverty-reduction
focus and use appropriate and promising behavioural change communication methods that
may contribute significantly to overcoming social stigma and reduce HIV exposure risk.
We also have learned that in most CBOs new strategies, such as integrated home-based care
programs involving PLWHA, families and neighbours, and poverty alleviation with an
integrated HIV/AIDS component promise to create an enabling environment and promote
project ownership by communities, which can facilitate program design, management and
effectiveness. However most of these CBOs need both internal strengthening of programs and
outside support for their sustainability.
These CBOs have the capacity to be partners in HIV/AIDS prevention, patient care/support
and control programs. They may facilitate efforts to curb the spread of HIV through the
expansion of awareness creation and prevention initiatives and also provide patient care and
support.
2.3. Coordination and networking on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia
The experience of formal networks is a relatively recent phenomenon in Ethiopia compared to
other countries. However, thematic groups and issue-based networks on rural development,
environment, gender, pastoralism, HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and other issues have
emerged within Ethiopian civil society. The objective of most of these networks does not go
beyond information sharing. Issues of organisational independence and apathy towards
interference in the management of member organisations seem to have resulted in a limited
initiative to act collectively. Networking with the private sector, on the other hand, is almost
non-existent.
In terms of civil society networks for combating HIV/AIDS is the national network of
PLWHA associations that involves more than one hundred member associations in the three
most populous regions of Ethiopia. The National HIV/AIDS NGO Forum hosted by the

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CRDA, which is a national association of indigenous and international organisations, is also
involved in coordinating HIV/AIDS intervention activities by member organisations. Several
networks of civil society organisations which work on different thematic areas relevant to
HIV/AIDS such as reproductive health, OVCs, etc. are also emerging. It is important to
encouraged and promote local and international networks to facilitate the exchange of
experience and information and help organisations work more efficiently and effectively.
2.4. Present cooperation between CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia and funding
agencies in Sweden
The first ever-Swedish development co-operation agreement with any country in the world
was signed with Ethiopia in 1954 and since then the Swedish development cooperation with
Ethiopia has been of importance in various sectors of the society. The Swedish development
assistance to Ethiopia over the past 50 years is estimated at 14 billion birr (1 ETB = 8.6US,
April 28 2006)
The Swedish government has developed a strategy for development cooperation in Ethiopia
2003-2007 (country strategy 2003–2007, Ethiopia, background documents result analysis
1996–2001, February 2003, Sida, Stockholm). The main objectives of this strategy are
poverty reduction, including special focus on HIV/AIDS activities since the fight against
HIV/AIDS is a crucial part of the war on poverty in Ethiopia and must be given priority in all
support areas.
Sida is the major governmental body that channels the Swedish development assistance to
Ethiopian CBOs & NGOs through Forum Syd and to several other Swedish organizations.
The aim of Sida’s support to the development co-operation programmes of Swedish NGO’s is
to further the development of a sustainable and democratic civil society and to strengthen the
capacity of local partner organisations. Assistance channelled via Swedish NGOs was
primarily aimed at strengthening the social infrastructure and supporting social projects, with
smaller inputs for projects aimed at promoting such as democracy and human rights. Most of
these programmes included planned activities. However, inadequate administrative capacity
in local organizations and changes in government policy and legislation on the construction,
management and delivery of healthcare and educational establishments often affected the
effectiveness of the cooperation which is a common problem in the development cooperation
field. As a direct result of co-operation with a Swedish partner many have improved capacity
in terms of internal structure, administrative capacity, networking, lobbying and ability to
respond to the needs of their target groups.
The assessment of civil society in Ethiopia made by Swedish NGO’s is that it is still weak in
networking but that the number of organizations in the country is increasing dramatically.
Also, the general operating climate for civil society is improving. Government authorities are
increasingly able to co-operate with actors from civil society in a positive way (country
strategy 2003–2007, Ethiopia, background documents result analysis 1996–2001, February
2003, Sida, Stockholm). More over, the strategy stresses the importance of focusing on
HIV/AIDS not only as a health problem, but also as a development issue with close links to
poverty. Poverty levels are increasing in the urban areas at a fast rate, women are poorer than
men and child poverty is increasing due to the effects of HIV/AIDS.
The Embassy of Sweden in Addis Ababa has among other human resources a Health Program
Office and has a Health Program Officer. Forum Syd has no office in Ethiopia, but has its
regional office for Eastern Africa in Tanzania, in Dar es Salaam. Sida via Forum Syd actively

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promotes closer donor coordination in HIV/AIDS area believing that efforts must be made to
find points of contact between the various sectors in order to fight the epidemic effectively.
Sida’s development Cooperation is shifting successively from project support to sector
development programmes. Therefore, a possible HIV/AIDS Program in the country could
provide a strong base and forum for expertise knowledge and networking that are potentially
important components of the fight against HIV/AIDS. Another key element should be support
to NGOs.
3. PARTNERSHIP IN A POSSIBLE PROGRAM ON HIV/AIDS IN
ETHIOPIA
3.1. Methodology
3.1.1. CBO:s/NGO:s involved in the study and choosing criteria
Following the discussions with the Swedish organizations and considering the instable
security in Ethiopia at the time of the feasibility study it was decided to limit the study to
cover a limited number of Ethiopian organisations that are supported by Forum Syd through
the ordinary project support that functions within limited geographic regions. This limitation
was also described in the ToR (see Appendix III). Since the organisations were active in
certain geographical areas, this obviously creates a limitation in terms of geographical area
for the possible program on HIV/AIDS. During the course of the feasibility study, in
meetings with organisations that have good overview of the overall situation on HIV/AIDS in
Ethiopia the above-mentioned limitations were not considered as problems (neither as wrong
nor inaccurate).
All in all 9 Ethiopian organisations were identified already at arrival through their previous
relationship with Forum Syd. Another 6 were to be identified during the early stages of the
feasibility study. The choice of the later 6 (became 5, see below) was done by the
undersigned and influenced by;
The general policies of Forum Syd
The advice from organisations with overview and long-term experiences of NGO:s in
Ethiopia like,
The Embassy of Sweden in Ethiopia
CDC Ethiopia
Swedish Save the Children in Ethiopia
CRDA
Dan Church Aid
The cross match of opinions between the above-described organisations and also after
consultation with the Forum Syd staff at mid-term of the feasibility study it was agreed to
limit the total number of organisations to 14.
The study should, as described in TOR, identify 10 organisations and thereafter to make a
SWOT/OKTAGON analyse on these 10 organisations. In the TOR a process is outlined to
select 5 LeOs (minimum) that would form the first group of partners to Forum Syd in the
possible program. According to the programme handbook the main argument for this
limitation is that the need to start a program with a limited number of organisations so that the
Forum Syd staff would be able to cope with the responsibilities at the start of the program,
including develop working methods for the program, networking etc. Forum Syd made this

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conclusion following previous experiences. In this document we argue for a full start of the
program considering the followings;
1. We underline the importance that Forum Syd allocates enough resources so that
competent and experienced staff can be employed in the program that we consider as
a cost effective measure.
2. The synergy effects of the program will be less with a limited number of partner
organisations and there is a risk that LeOs left behind from the start will be de-
motivated to catch up later. We find that the 11 organisations chosen below will
significantly contribute to the quality of the programme output.
3. If the program starts with a preparatory phase (3-4 months) where all necessary
measures are taken so that the program with its two pillars, the capacity building
intervention and the HIV/AIDS prevention fund, can be offered to all participating
organisations, then we have a reason to believe that it will secure the long-term quality
output.
14 organisations that were approached were initially introduced with a letter about our
mission associated with a topic and these organisations were asked to dedicate 2-3 hours for
an interview. The organisations were asked to dedicate their 2-3 hours for an interview. The
interview was organised so that the representatives start by introducing their organisation.
During this part of the interview the basic information on the organisation was collected. The
second part of the interview was based on a questionnaire (see Appendix IV). The
questionnaire worked as a framework, partly to enable some comparison between
organisations, but each interview also had its specific character. During the interview one of
the undersigned was the main responsible interviewer seconded by the other. These roles
shifted so that organisations were equally divided between the undersigned.
The final choice of 11 Ethiopian partner organisations for the programme was made on the
basis of that they should be able to make positive contributions to the program in terms of
delivery and that they were actively involved in developing the objectives of the program (see
below). Three organisations did not fulfil this criterion. i)- the African Child Policy Forum,
the organization has a strict focus on children’s right ii)-the Fistula Hospital has clearly
declared that prevention of HIV/AIDS is not their primary focus and iii)- CRDA is interested
to be a partner, but it is an umbrella organisation with little implementing capacities. Possibly
the strength of CRDA in capacity building can be used by the capacity building intervention.
Capacity analysis was made on the 11 organisations that are proposed to be partners of the
program. This analysis was done by the undersigned solely on the basis of the interviews.
Although describing the capacities in SWOT-terms the organisations did not take an active
role in the analysis and have not been asked for their opinion about the assessment made.
3.1.2. Interviews of CBO:s/NGO:s
To state exactly what they would like that the possible HIV/AIDS intervention contains was
difficult for the organisations interviewed since there was not yet proposed a program
structure. However all the organisations interviewed believed that they would benefit from
the HIV/AIDS program through relevant and up-to-date information as well as the sharing of
skills, experiences, ideas and methods with other organisations. This would enable them to
strengthen the implementation of their programs and come up with new strategies to address

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the HIV/AIDS situation in the country. Other benefits would be the increased pool of
funding, capacity building and technical support.
Most of the NGOs had clear objectives and gave the impression of being well focused. They
were transparent about their own strengths and weaknesses and thought an HIV/AIDS
program would be of benefit to them and others if they utilise it to share experiences and
methods and for capacity building purposes. They could also see benefits in utilising the
program as a platform from where they may advocate different high priority issues identified
by the members.
All interviewed organisations felt that relatively little have been done compared to the
magnitude of the problem and feel that there is a lot to be done against HIV/AIDS. One
common feeling among these NGOs was that they need more effective and unified strategies
in how to deal with financial management and sustainability. The organisations believe they
make an important input in society but are vulnerable to change and they need special support
to become more sustainable.
3.1.3. Description of possible partners CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia working with HIV/AIDS
The detailed descriptions of the possible partners among CBO:s/NGO:s in Ethiopia can be
read on Appendix VII.
1. ACPF (The African Child Policy Forum)
ACPF is an independent, not-for-profit pan African Advocacy centre that was established 3
years ago by Dr Assefa Bekele with Pan African Focus and now has about 25 staffs. ACPF’s
number one issue is to put African children on the public agenda, focusing on the
development and implementation of effective laws and policies for children in Africa. ACPF
does this by providing support where the political will exist and by exerting pressure where it
does not. ACPF work is right-based, inspired by universal values and informed by global
experiences and knowledge. The specific objectives of the ACPF are:
To provide a forum for dialogue and a voice for children and child-rights' advocates;
To contribute to improved knowledge of the problems facing African children as well
as of policy options;
To strengthen the capacity of non-governmental organisations to mount effective
campaigns on behalf of children and child-oriented public policies; and
To assist governments and non-governmental organisations in developing and
implementing effective pro-child policies and programmes.
ACPF’s target groups i.e. the primary beneficiaries of the ACPF programme of advocacy,
policy dialogue, institution building, and empirical research will be children.
2. AGOHELD (“Abebech Gobena Yehetsanat Kebekabena Limat Dirijit”; Abebech
Gobena Children Care and Development Organisation)
AGOHELD is a local non-profit organisation that has been established in 1980 by a woman
called Woizero Abebech Gobena. It started with about 21 children (orphans) accommodated
in about 300-sqm (a space without a roof). It is currently providing full boarding service to
160 orphans and supports more than 10,000 destitute children in different programs. Beyond
the children welfare AGOHELD is also working on various areas of interventions like health,
HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support, VCT, non-formal and formal education, vocational
skill training and rural development. The target groups are the needy, abandoned children and
orphans. The basic principles of the centre are reunification, reintegration and adoption.

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3. APDA (Afar Pastoralist Development Association)
APDA is a non-profit and the first indigenous non-governmental relief and development
organisation in Afar region that was established in 1993 (registered as NGO in 1998) that
aims to develop appropriate means of development among the Afar pastoral people with
emphasis on women since they carry the greatest burden of the problem. APDA is established
and run by Afar people, the Afar Pastoralist Development Association design community
health and literacy programs, examine harmful traditional practices, and are warning their
community about the threat of HIV/AIDS. Literacy among the Afar is very low, around 2%,
with conventional schooling inappropriate for the nomadic lifestyle. The APDA has
developed a non-formal education model that includes unrestricted daily timetables and
attaches learning salutations to daily life challenges. The target groups of APDA are women
and children.
4. Fistula Hospital
Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital has been treating fistula patients for more than three decades
and it is considered the pre-eminent hospital dedicated exclusively to victims of obstetric
fistula. The Hospital was founded in 1974 by two Australian obstetrician-gynaecologists, Drs.
Reginald and Catherine Hamlin. Obstetric fistula is an injury sustained during obstructed
labour. Girls of the age of 8 are married and at the age of 14 they become pregnant. The girls
are often not fully developed when labour begins resulting in death of the child and a hole
forming; an obstetric fistula. Women who develop fistulas are often abandoned by their
husbands, rejected by their communities, and forced to live an isolated. Fistula Hospital has
restored the lives and hopes of more than 25,000 women who would have otherwise perished
or suffered lifelong complications brought on by childbirth injuries, specifically obstetric
fistula. Today, the hospital provides free fistula repair surgery to approximately 1,200 women
every year and cares for 35 long-term patients. Relatively small portions, 2-3% of the girls
coming with fistula cases are HIV+ve.
5. IFSO (Integrated Family Service Organisation)
IFSO is a local non-profit organisation working in Woreda 16 in Addis Ababa founded by
Woizero Mekdes Zelelew in 1995. IFSO was founded to mitigate the plight of very weak
households and alleviate the helpless of orphans, semi-orphans and destitute children. IFSO
started with 13 children and now sponsors about 1334 kids orphaned by HIV/AIDS (75% of
the orphans in IFSO are children orphaned by HIV/AIDS). IFSO works on its HIV/AIDS
awareness creation project in Kotebe area in 3 kebeles (kebele 16, 17, 18), because in these
kebeles there is a high unemployment rate, highly populated and the presence of the teachers
training college. The major target groups of IFSO are the disadvantaged and abandoned
children. The major support to the orphaned children is through the extended family support
program where orphaned children get support through supporting the family that supports
these children. IFSO specifically works on child rape and sexual abuse and most victims of
sexual abuse (most by their parents) are children <7 years.
6. HAPCSO (Heiwot HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Support Organisation)
HAPCSO is a local non-profit organisation dedicated to creating a society free from
HIV/AIDS and functioning in Addis Ababa in woreda 23 that includes 9 kebeles (sub-
districts), involving 65,000 people located in the southwestern outskirts of Addis Ababa.
HAPCSO is a community-based organisation with a need-based approach. The major focus
areas of HAPCSO are prevention, home based care and orphan care and the major activities
are: to motivate, educate and empower our society to protect itself from all forms of
HIV/AIDS transmission, to provide care and support to those afflicted by HIV/AIDS and

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provide counselling to HIV/AIDS patients and families and to support, educate and care for
children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. HAPCSO works in partnership with various community
leaders dedicated to breaking the silence and stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and take action
to stop its spread through an integrated, community-based approach. The major target groups
are the youth and the population between the ages of 15 and 49 vulnerable to the spread of
HIV/AIDS. Orphaned by HIV/AIDS, helpless and abandoned children are also targeted by
HAPCSO.
7. JIDA (Jigjiga Indigenous Development Association)
JIDA is a local non-profit and indigenous organisation in Jigjiga that was established in 1979
and legally registered as NGO in 2002 and on Federal level in 2004. Community awareness
on environmental protection was the major topic by the time the association started. However,
close to 90% of the adult population in Jigjiga is not educated and therefore, JIDA shifted its
major focus areas into adult education. In 1999, JIDA started collaboration with the Jigjiga
Folkhögskoleförening in Sweden and the collaboration was based on adult education. In
2003, JIDA has been provided with 2 experts from Sweden (Jigjiga Folkhögskoleförening) to
train the local JIDA members on adult education. The overall idea of providing training on
adult education is that the trained adults will in turn be the future trainers/educators of the
centre that JIDA is planning to establish. There are 16 people who work on adult education
and these 16 educators are individuals selected from 4 different training phases. JIDA has
about 1100 members and 400 are females and 700 males. JIDA’s most activities are
financed/sponsored by either NGOs or international donors. The Swedish Forum Syd through
its Swedish Organisation (SvEO) Jigjiga Folkhögskoleförening sponsors the adult education
centre. JIDA is satisfied with their results so far and as they describe about 75% of the plan
set up met the realities. It has been successfully campaigning against HIV/AIDS and FGM
8. CBISDO (Community Based Integrated Sustainable Development Organisation)
CBISDO is, as the name imply, a community based organisation with its base and its core
activities within four Kebeles (districts), no. 30, 40, 41 and 43, in the south-west part of Addis
Ababa. CBISDO was created 1st of January 1998 as part of a handing over process of already
established activities to the local communities. These activities were initially started by an
independent NGO some years earlier. The leading figure behind the initial NGO was Dr
Jember Teferra and Dr Teferra still is very influential (see below) in the running of CBISDO
although she has formally left top managing positions. CBISDO:s target groups consist of the
inhabitants in the above-mentioned Kebeles, approximately 40 000 people. For the health
component in the programme (see below) another two Kebeles with another 20 000 people
are included. Among the households in the target area 75% consists of women living without
a male. The area is regarded as one of poorest in Addis Ababa.
The activities of CBISDO is organised in four major programmes;
1. Physical service programme
2. Social service programme
3. Primary health programme
4. Income generating programme
9. EWLA (Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association)
EWLA is an NGO with its head office in Addis but with representation in 6 other cities,
Gambella, Awash, Bahar Dar, Nazaret, Dire Dawa and Asosa. EWLA was formed in year
1995. EWLA is targeting vulnerable women all over Ethiopia and have some 60 voluntary
committees all over the country that support the offices with information about the situation
for women. The organisation has some 60 employees.

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The work of EWLA is organised in four departments;
1. The research department, responsible for various studies with the objective to feed the
authorities with facts in the life of women, and use these facts to advocate the rights of
women.
2. The legal department, responsible to offer frees legal support to poor women and
sometimes represents these women in court.
3. The public education department, responsible to work with women to increase their
awareness of their rights. But also to work with the law enforcement bodies to
increase their knowledge of the law itself.
4. The finance and administrative department.
10. TAYA (Talented Youth Association)
TAYA was established in 2001 in Addis Ababa. University students formed the organisation
and their original agenda was to take action in the area of reproductive health being aware of
the impact that HIV/AIDS had on the society. Today the organisation has developed activities
in two larger districts (Woredas) in Addis and one Woreda in the city of Bereh Allel. The
activities are organised around a youth club that has been built up in cooperation with the
local authorities (Kebeles). TAYA:s only contribution has been the corrugated iron for the
roofs, all other materials, as well as the ground property have been donated by the Kebeles.
TAYA has today two youth clubs in Addis and another four youth clubs in Bereh Allel. The
activities in the youth clubs are built around a peer education programme. The organisation
has today educated some 14 peer educators that work with awareness creating for young
people. The youth clubs also organise drama groups and sport activities.
11. CRDA (Christian Relief Development Organisation)
CRDA was formed already in 1973. The organisation was founded by some 13 Christian
organisations working with humanitarian aid during the famine in the early 70-ties to be a
coordinating body for efforts made to help the starving people. Slowly the CRDA turned its
focus towards the development aid sector and since 1996 it has its own strategies and
operational plans. Today the organisation has 258 member organisations. They are divided
into 6 so-called forums, i.e. areas of interest, and there is one forum that exists for
organisations working with the HIV/AIDS question.
CRDA focus in four areas of development work:
- To support members organisations with capacity building
- To advocate for a more constructive environment for member organisations within the
Ethiopian society
- To enhance the work on human rights questions
- To work as an umbrella and channel funds from donors to relevant local NGO:s that would
be responsible for the implementation.
12. My Sisters Organisation
My Sisters Organisation was registered as an NGO in 1994 after some time of discussion with
the local communities in 2 Kebeles in the southern part of Addis. The initiative was taken by
Marit Bakke, a Norwegian, and motivated by the harsh life people lived. Marit Bakke is still
around but has left the overall responsibility to Solveig Björnholt, a Danish woman, who is
acting as the overall responsible person, when Bakke is back in Norway. My Sisters target
groups are the households in the above-mentioned Kebeles and they have some 4000
households registered as beneficiaries of their work. The main work is concentrated around a
community centre that supplies basic health care and social services. Beside this community
centre the organisation also provide a day care centre for children age 0-4 (altogether 60
children) and they have an Upgrading School providing assistance for young people that have

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problems catching up in school. As a result of the increasing HIV/AIDS problems the
organisation also provides help for children that have lost both their parents.
13. UDC (Union pour le development culturel)
UDC is residing in Djibouti and was formed already in 1973, four years before the
independence of Djibouti in 1977. Djibouti has today some 600 000 inhabitants and the
capital Djibouti city has an important harbour. After the war between Eritrea and Ethiopia
Djibouti city is Ethiopia’s main and only access to international waterways. The challenge for
UDC from the very start was how to include the citizens in the development of the society.
The topic of culture became the umbrella for a large number of activities to promote active
participation and the fight against illiteracy was the core activity during the 70-ties. One of
the main achievements of UDC has been to form the language of the Afar people into a
written language, since it previously only existed in oral form. The main activities of the
organisation are divided into three areas; to fight against HIV/AIDS, to work among young
people and promote women rights.
14. WADA (Waberi Development Association)
WADA stands for Waberi Development Association and is a local NGO based in the capital
of the Somali region, Jigjiga. The organisation was founded in 2001 and started to work with
projects in 2004. The organisation works in all 6 Kebeles that include the town of Jigjiga as
well as some surrounding areas. The target area includes some 50 000 people altogether.
WADA focus on three major areas; (i)- creating awareness about HIV/AIDS, (ii)-special
education for deaf children and (iii)-adult education for mainly women to train them to
become a housewife (a job). WADA is community-based organisation with a need-based
approach. It focuses on low prioritised groups, like women and deaf children. The
organisation is idea-driven rather than donor-driven.
3.1.4. SWOT on CBO:s/NGO:s
The SWOT analysis was performed on 11 organisations out of 14 interviewed and they are
AGOHELD, APDA, CBISDO, EWLA, HAPCSO, IFSO, JIDA, My Sisters, TAYA, UDC
and WADA.
AGOHELD
Strengths: AGOHELD is a strong and well-organised NGO. It has a good reputation and
credentials regarding rehabilitating orphans and abandoned children including the HIV/AIDS
victims. This helps AGOHELD to deliver its set up. The focus areas and the target groups of
AGOHELD are well defined and are clear for the staff and worker within the different
activities to deal with. AGOHELD is a community-based organisation therefore has a strong
community support through inclusiveness. AGOHELD has a good relationship/collaboration
with the local authorities. Gender issue is a focus in the organisation and therefore both
genders are fairly represented in AGOHELD.
Weakness: The major constraint for AGOHELD is that the organisation doesn’t have a clear
program of its sustainability. Woizero Abebech Gobena the founder and the general manager
are still on the top and her good will and decision counts as decisive. Although AGOHELD
has several self-supporting projects, but is dependent at large on donors’ financial support.
Opportunities: AGOHELD has enormous human resources to deliver effective results on
fighting against HIV/AIDS. There are more women participants within the various projects

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and is a good opportunity to deliver an expanded campaign on such as gender equality,
against FGM and other HTPs.
Threats: The community ahs to be able to run the organisation and as it looks today the lack
of clear sustainability plan could jeopardize the project in the long run.
APDA
Strength: APDA is well organised and a relatively strong NGO, with well-defined targets.
The targets are women and children and these target groups are the major components of the
Afar community. APDA is privileged to have a strong and dedicated women called Valerie
Browning an Australian midwife who has lived and worked with the Afar people for some
years and who is also one of the founders of APDA. The values and missions of APDA are
well understood among the staff and members of APDA. Every APDA member has an
obligation to work on awareness creation on HIV/AID in the communities they belong and
also reach the nomad community as well. APDA is establishing a community centre in
particular for the youth. The centre is believed to be a centre for information, and education
on HIV/AIDS. The centre is situated just on the side of the famous and busiest road for lorries
passing the road from Djibouti to Addis.
Weakness: The major APDAs activities/focus areas are on relief and emergency, therefore
specific activities such as HIV/AIDS, FGM and HTP will remain as a second priority.
Opportunities: APDA like JIDA among Jigjiga people has a wide opportunity to tackle the
problem of HIV/AIDS, FGM and HTP among the Afar people if it goes on with more f adult
reproductive health education program. If APDA gets more financial support for its current
activities associated with HIV/AIDS it can bring significant changes in particular among the
nomadic households.
Threats: APDAs major focus is to reach the pastoralist community and provide the major
services like education, health services and others while the major problem of water remains
untouchable. The nomad’s move to where water is available for their cattle and the more
droughts in the region the less (even no) attention is given to health (HIV/AIDS), education
and other activities.
CBISDO
Strength: CBISDO has decided to work in a limited geographical area. With this priority
CBISDO has become focused in more achievable objectives although the organisation works
with different problems in the target area. CBISDO has a long tradition of working in the
target area and the confidence that the beneficiaries have in the work of CBISDO can be seen
in this light. The organisation has made considerable efforts to include the local community in
its work and has an impressive structure of volunteers and network to provide and guarantee
the input from the beneficiaries into the organisation. CBISDO has also a big variety of
donors and that makes the organisation less vulnerable than many other community based
organisations. CBISDO has effectively included the local authorities (Kebeles) into the
organisation. CBISDO have a well working organisation and it deliver according to set out
objectives.
Weaknesses: Although having many different donors the organisation seems to suffer under
the short-term commitment from most of these donors. It seem to be common practice that
most of funds are allocated for a period of one year or less which makes long-term planning a
difficult task. Dr Jember Teferra still seems to be influential on the day-to-day work of
CBISDO especially when it comes to contact with donors and to initiate new project ideas.
Even though she has got an assistant it is not clear that there exist a handover process.

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Opportunities: CBISDO has direct and productive contacts with the authorities that could
make funding available from the state. However then the work to create constructive
relationships with decision makers on higher level that Kebele, like Woreda or Government,
must be initiated. CBISDO have also the possibility to even better mobilise resources within
the local community and increase the beneficiaries’ participation and inclusiveness in the
work.
Threats: The needs of the local communities can be sometimes overwhelming and make it
difficult to have constructive strategic discussions and decisions. Dr Jember Teferra has been
central for the development of CBISDO. However her present influence on project
development and her relatively sole contacts with donors make the organisation vulnerable. A
handover process needs to be identified so that the continuation of the relationships with
donors can be guaranteed.
EWLA
Strengths: EWLA is one of few Ethiopian NGO:s that seriously work with advocacy. But
working with influencing the authorities it has not left the beneficiaries without attention, like
in the work with supporting vulnerable women with legal help. However the right base
approach has made the organisation popular among the donors and being able to chose among
donors has made EWLA less dependant on certain donors and more driven by its own
agenda, its own ideas. EWLA has a productive relationship with the government. EWLA is
also networking with neighbouring organisations that also are active in same field of
advocacy. This enhances the impact of EWLAS own work. After reorganising the
management of EWLA the new structure seem to support a more democratic and transparent
leadership.
Weaknesses: EWLA has been through a management crisis that resulted in that many
competent people have left the organisation. The organisation is therefore in the phase of
recovering from this staff turnover and might not presently be at its peak performance.
Opportunities: There is a growing interest in right based issues within the donor community
which has led to that EWLA is approached by donors that seek cooperation. At this point in
time it seems that the women rights issues is a politically accepted area for intervention. This
will provide for further successes for EWLA when it comes to policy interventions or other
kind of advocacy work.
Threats: If the interest from donors continues to increase this might be problematic if the
capacity of EWLA does not increase at the same speed as the budget. As long as the
government makes a clear difference between women rights and human rights the success of
EWLA can continue. But if EWLA step over the line and it is difficult to see this line, the
government can make life problematic for EWLA.
HAPCSO
Strengths: HAPCSO is a well-organised NGO. The focus areas and the target groups of
HAPCSO are well defined and are clear for the staff and worker within the different activities
to deal with. HAPCSO is a community-based organisation therefore has a strong community
support through inclusiveness. HAPCSO has a good relationship/collaboration with the local
authorities. Gender issue is a focus in the organisation and therefore both genders are fairly
represented in HAPCSO.

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Weakness: The major constraint for HAPCSO is like for AGOHELD is that the organisation
doesn’t have a clear plan for the sustainability of the various programs. HAPCSO has several
self-supporting projects, however is dependent at large on donors’ financial support.
Opportunities: HAPCSO can generate and mobilise enormous human resources to deliver
effective results on fighting against HIV/AIDS. There are more women participants within
the various projects and is a good opportunity to deliver an expanded campaign on such as
gender equality, against FGM and other HTPs.
Threats: As it looks today HAPCSO generates and runs enormous projects and activities,
however lacks sustainability plans.
IFSO
Strengths: IFSO is a well-organised and democratic NGO that works for very weak
households and alleviate the helpless orphans, semi-orphans and destitute children. IFSO has
a good relationship with local authorities and also good collaboration with responsible
organisations like EWLA who are good assets for the IFSO activities against child rape,
sexual abuse, etc.
IFSO has a strong support from the community because of its care and support to orphaned
and semi-orphaned children without separating them from their extended families and also
provide professional and vocational trainings for these orphaned and destitute children and
their needy mothers to help them relieve themselves from destitution. IFSO also works on
advocacy on childcare, child right in collaboration with Save the Children Sweden and
UNICEF.
Weakness: IFSO is dependent at large on external donors’ financial support. IFSO lacks a
self-supporting (income generating) plan and a clear sustainability plan.
Opportunities: IFSO has enormous capacity and values to work against child rape and sexual
abuse and HIV/AIDS. IFSO has competent staff (human resources) and the right connections
with external organisations and associations that could bring significant changes to the
community.
Threats: IFSO is a much dependent on external financial support and this in long term can
limit and even hamper the organisations effect. IFSO hasn’t got an effective self-reliance plan
that can support its activities when the external financing cuts.
JIDA
Strength: JIDA is well organised as NGO, with well-defined targets. The targets are
understood among staffs and also activities are very well planned for action. JIDA involves
community members for its plan of action. JIDA is well accepted among the beneficiaries in
particular the women.
JIDA is being successful with its adult education and has also succeeded in incorporating
women in most of he projects. JIDA has a clear stand on FGM as a HTP and has a good
strategy in coming across it such as educating the traditional FGM performers that have
completely restricted themselves from performing any FGM.
Weakness: Most JIDA’s activities (projects) are donors dependent and there isn’t clear plan
of action for self-support and sustainability. JIDA hasn’t yet managed to incorporate the local
authorities in its community based activities.
Opportunities: JIDA has a wide opportunity to tackle the problem of FGM problem among
Jigjiga people if it goes on with more f its adult education program that includes the anti FGM
education. With more financial support and with its human resources JIDA can bring a
significant change in education the adult population of Jigjiga even can extend to the other
regions of Somali.
Threats: JIDA is more dependent on external donors than itself when it comes to financial
support. This may lead to failures if donors cut to provide their financial assistance. JIDA’s

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external communication (including with the authorities) very much depends on individual
staff members within JIDA, such as Mr Mohammed Abdel Wahid who is the General
Secretary of JIDA. This may limit the JIDA’s exposure and consequently lead to negative
effect like failure to keep the interests of the people.
My Sisters Organisation
Strengths: My Sisters have a strong focus on vulnerable children in a limited geographical
area. Resources are not spread but focused. My Sisters is driven by ideas and commitment,
rather than the criteria’s from donors. It is only lately the organisation has tried to access
funds from donors. There is also an effective organisation around its health care centre. My
Sisters seem to be aware of its own limitations and will probably not extend its work over its
capacity. To be funded by private individuals has made the organisation strong and there are
examples of situations when money offered to My Sisters has been rejected if they did not fit
identified needs in the community.
Weaknesses: My Sisters is created by a Norwegian woman and presently run by a Danish
woman. There seem to be no clear vision or plan to hand over the organisation to Ethiopians.
My Sisters may lose staff since the salaries paid to staff are low. My Sisters are weak in
contacts and relationships with local authorities. It seems that My Sisters still is very
dependant on the contacts and relationships created by Marit Bakke when it comes to funding
although My Sisters have made efforts to create support structures based in Norway that will
work with funding.
Opportunities: If My Sisters succeed to link with Ethiopian authorities and start to access
national funding or at least initiate some constructive cooperation this can lead to a more
sustainable future for My Sisters. Since there are competent and committed staff in the
organisation a more determined approach to handover the organisation to Ethiopians
combined with tailor made in-service-training efforts would create a more sustainable
organisational structure.
Threats: If efforts made to build up a fund raising structure will fail and the contacts and
relationships built up by Marit Bakke will not be replaced this poses probably a real danger
for the organisation. Since there seem to be little contacts with the Kebele administration the
organisation can be in trouble if the authorities take decisions that will be unfavourable for
My Sisters and there will be no one to fight the corner of My Sisters.
TAYA
Strengths: TAYA is representing one of the most underrepresented and vulnerable groups in
the Ethiopian society. TAYA works actively to involve young people and make them
responsible in the planning as well as the activities. Young people just leaving university
formed TAYA and the core members are still young, as thus mirroring the age groups of the
beneficiaries. The organisation seems to have good organisational capacity and could
probably extend its work, if funding would become available.
Weaknesses: Since youth is a highly marginalized group in the Ethiopian society it is difficult
for TAYA to get recognition from or establish cooperation with the authorities. Since the
organisation is consisting of young people this might make donors hesitant to initiate
cooperation, questioning the capacity of TAYA. Since funding is a major challenge for
TAYA they seem vulnerable for pressure from donors and might accept criteria’s from
donors that could be contra productive in the long run for the organisation. If the funding will
increase dramatically TAYA probably need capacity building in administration and human
resource management.
Opportunities: To have a real effect in developmental work donors need to target the mindset
of people and funding is also increasingly moving into social reconstruction. Having this in

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mind the most attractive target group for social reconstruction would the young people. This
is true also when it comes to the area of HIV/AIDS. TAYA is representing one of the most
crucial changing agents in the Ethiopian society, and if managed properly the organisation
could become an important tool to promote change in Ethiopia.
Threats: TAYA is a small organisation and is struggling to keep the business floating. It
seems that TAYA do not have the resources, or capacity to work more effectively with the
marketing of the organisation. Or that the donor community does not respond to the requests
of TAYA in the way TAYA hopes. TAYA could, if becoming a larger organisation, pose as a
threat to government if the politics of the government continue to be confrontial. This if
TAYA develop into a platform representing young people in general. On the other hand
TAYA could become a discussion partner if the government suggests a more cooperative
approach in its future actions. Organisationally it is difficult to predict what could develop
into future difficulties. At present TAYA seem to have their organisation in order.
UDC
Strengths: UDC is a well-known actor in the society of Djibouti. It has developed contacts
and relationships with most major players, including the government. Through the
cooperation with the government and the World Bank staff has been trained and become an
important asset for the organisation. Through its long history in Djibouti, through its
respectable members and through the advisory role UDC have towards the government and
the World Bank, it seems that the organisations confidence with the community remains high.
UDC has a good knowledge of the civil society and especially of the NGO:s working with
HIV/AIDS. UDC has a strong voluntary component in its work.
Weaknesses: The strong commitment and focus demanded by the cooperation with the
government and the World Bank has made it necessary to broaden the funding base. The core
members come from the early days of the organisation. This may affect the possibility to
adjust to new realities and problems facing the organisation. This should though be noted that
there is a minor influx of new members and ideas through the systems of volunteers.
Opportunities: UDC has the capacity for extended cooperation with the donor community if
capacity building measures are taken in parallel with funding of new activities. UDC has seen
the need and benefit of extending its network to other NGO:s, also in Ethiopia and other
countries, to gain further experience and knowledge to UDC.
Threats: Djibouti is a fairly isolated society, certainly in comparison with the neighbouring,
English speaking countries of east Africa. If the isolation continues there is a risk that
learning and exchange of experience will decrease and become an obstacle for further
development of the country, including the development of UDC.
WADA
Strengths: WADA is a well-organised NGO. Although small by size the activities are well
planned and delivered according to objectives. WADA seem to plan its actions carefully,
through community surveys and discussions with beneficiaries. WADA has god relations
with the regional authorities, and its major funding source is the regional authorities. WADA
target its beneficiaries carefully and the representatives express themselves as being
committed to their ideals.
Weaknesses: WADA is dependant on one donor, the regional government, although efforts
are made to include more donors. WADA seem to be male dominated at management level,
although women seem to play an important role as implementers in the organisation.
Opportunities: If WADA increases its funding base this will make the organisation less
vulnerable. WADA has the organisational capacity to take on more activities (donors), if
quality in preparation and planning can remain high as previously. To focus on the situation

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for women in a male dominated society make WADA a more attractive partner for most
western donor agencies.
Threats: To be dependant on one major donor make WADA not only vulnerable but also
resistant to argue or at least eager to please the wishes of this sole donor. WADA need to
balance its actions in the field of HIV/AIDS especially when issues like gender equality,
women rights and use of contraceptives are brought up, with was is socially and culturally
accepted. If not WADA may lose much of the confidence in the community that the
organisation has gained through its previous work.
4. A POSSIBLE PROGRAM ON HIV/AIDS IN ETHIOPIA
4.1. Methodology of process oriented program development
Historically the development cooperation has been outlined from the perspectives of the
donor countries and their political or/and the economical ideologies could be found as
motives for this. During the last decade a strong emphasis has been laid on that the recipient
countries or recipient target groups for the development cooperation should be included and
have the ownership of the projects or the cooperation. The motives for this arrives from
experiences during the years that without thorough ownership of the cooperation on the
recipients side, the project or program will end the day the funding ends. To make any
development cooperation sustainable it is crucial to involve the recipients at an early stage as
possible in the development cooperation.
Today most donor agencies and western implementing organisations are initiating
development cooperation on the basis of not being aware of their own role or place within the
tension field between on the one hand the policies and objectives formulated by donor
agencies and western governments and on the other hand the problems formulated by the
recipients of the aid. When establishing development cooperation between two parties firstly
it is important to acknowledge the existence of the above-described dynamics. Secondly, that
the understanding of where one of the parties belongs in the tension field is affected by the
relationship between the parties and thirdly this relationship is deeply affected by the fact that
one party has the money and the other does not (i.e. is poor).
In the worst scenario (case) these dynamics are not taken into consideration from the donors
or western implementing organisations and then short-term results will be achieved with the
resources available whereas, long-term outcome will not progress like the short term, instead
decrease rapidly.
However the important question to be asked is that if it is possible to combine the two
objectives from the donor agencies that seem to be in conflict with each other. Can one be
loyal to both i.e. to donors’ criteria for funding and to the problems formulated by the
recipients?
In this feasibility study we have tried to address the above question through the choice of
methods we used during the course of the study.
1. During the part of the study that involved the description of the LeOs we never
expressed any possible direction of the program other than vaguely addressing that it
probably would deal with prevention strategies.
2. We did not refer to any specific policy of Forum Syd during our discussions with the
LeOs.

29(89)
3. We did explain our own role as being consultants for Forum Syd, and following our
studies that we are free to suggest the most relevant program for the beneficiaries.
4 We choose to work with the European Union standard LFA methodology (Project
Cycle Management Guidelines, February 2004) during the objective development
seminar in order to have the maximum participation and inclusiveness of the LeOs.
After outlining objectives in the LFA-seminar it is possible to make a prioritisation of
objectives following the policies of the donor agencies without loosing the feeling of
ownership created among LeOs.
The quality of the feasibility study in this aspect depends on the one hand on the choice of
methods to enhance inclusiveness and participation and on the other hand on the quality of
the relationships that the undersigned has been able to establish during the study. To measure
the effect of the approach used is difficult. However, after the LFA-seminar the participants
were asked to make an assessment of the seminar and according to the assessment results
almost all participants expressed that they experienced a high level of participation and
inclusiveness in the seminar. This also indicates that it is very likely that the participants also
would have a high degree of ownership of the outcome of the seminar, i.e. the objectives of a
possible program on HIV/AIDS. However, this can only be properly assessed further along
with the program development process.
To conclude the use of inclusive and participatory methods is that they are sensitive to how
they are used and by whom they are facilitated. The most important factor in the process is
that the sensitiveness of the facilitators to the conditions that affect the relationships between
the parties involved and if they are able to adapt to gear the direction of the process.
4.1.1. LFA-seminar
The seminar was held in premises of ILRI in the outskirts of Addis Ababa. The participants
were representing the LeOs that were interviewed (see Appendix VI, Lists of interviewed
organisations). In addition 3 representatives from Forum Syd took part in the seminar. The
invitation to the seminar (see Appendix V) was an open invitation with reference to gender
balance and the program was described as in terms of developing objectives.
To share experience in the structured form of a LFA-seminar made it possible to not only understand others
standpoint, but agree on the complex picture of causes and effects of the problem with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.

30(89)
The facilitators of the seminar made it clear that the use of the LFA-methodology was linked
to the participatory approach and the purpose was not to fulfil the framework linked with the
methodology. They also made clear to the participants that they should be aware of the
facilitators' previous role as interviewers and later consider if this would affect the result of
the seminar.
The discussions that took place analysing the problems that the group identified as the ones to
be solved by a possible program were intense. Different opinions were entertained and
consensus was reached on all-important decisions. The work was done in an open
atmosphere. The level of participation among hand full participants was less due to limited
capacity of English or due to gender barriers. All in all, the great majority of the participants
took full part in the seminar and made significant contributions to the analyses, which also
was also shown on the assessment of the seminar.
When planning the seminar the facilitators decided to invite participants for 2.5 days
altogether. This decision was made considering the time that the organisations assumed to be
invited would be able to put aside for the seminar. Depending on the content of the group and
its eagerness to discuss, this was assumed to be at the limit what could be minimum
requirement for time needed to end the process in constructive conclusions. This ambition
with the seminar was briefly introduced to the participants at the beginning of the seminar.
Since the group size became bigger than planned (28) and the group engaged in intense and
constructive discussions, the facilitators could conclude that there was no time left for a
discussion of activities. However the participants left the seminar with a good ownership of
the final product, an impressive problem tree, and a prioritisation of important targets as well
as a number of defined objectives.
4.1.1.a. Objectives of a program on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia
Following the logic of the problem tree (see Appendix IX), and the process of prioritisation
the following objectives were outlined by the participants of the seminar;
• Increased resource mobilisations within community based groups
Maximized social mobilisations through community elders and religious
leaders
Increased community participation, the youth in particular
To have established income-generating program for youth in cooperation with
government
To have increased material support needed for the support of young people
• Increased awareness of HIV, sexual and reproductive health issues
To have established mobile information centre for nomadic communities
To have initiated and sustained dialogue between the youth and their families
Knowledge transfer on HIV/AIDS in particular to the young people through
short trainings, in and out of school
Knowledge transfer on HIV/AIDS to decision makers on kebele level
• To have initiated and sustained dialogue between political parties and government
• Increased capacity among government officials through trainings, seminars etc.
• Maximised literacy in general, among girls in particular
• Increased awareness of women and children rights

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• Increased number of job opportunities for prostitutes through short-term skill training
and courses
Each of the above-described objectives was produced as a result of long and intensive
discussions.
4.1.1.b. Target areas and groups
The organisations that were selected to be part of this feasibility study, (see the criteria for
selection of organisations above), were representing three geographical areas of Ethiopia. One
area is the wider Addis Ababa region, the second is the wider Afar region in eastern Ethiopia
and the third is the wider Somali region in the southeast part of Ethiopia. During the problem
analysis, when participants were asked to describe problems to be solved by the possible
program, it was clear that some of the problems where specific only for the part of Ethiopia
from were the organisation originated. However it was also clear that many of the problems
were similar, and would consequently be possible to address with the same strategies. This is
an important aspect since this constitutes the motives for cooperation between LeOs from
different parts of Ethiopia.
During the discussions several target groups were mentioned. Youth was one of these groups
that were frequently mentioned. Women as well, and as sub-group of women – prostitutes,
but also decision makers on different levels. Most important to notice is that in several cases
there are connections between objectives and target groups. When selecting a more precise
number of objectives a more precisely defined target groups will automatically be identified.
4.1.1.c. Methods of implementation
As previously noted the participants did not have enough time to discuss methods of
implementation. It is without doubt that most of the participating organisations are competent
and would quite easily design relevant activities corresponding to the objectives. For the
participants of the seminar it was made clear that the seminar had to end in the middle of the
9-steps that complete a fulfilled LFA process. There is no doubt that Forum Syd could then
without problems complete the remaining steps of the LFA process with these participants on
a later occasion.
4.1.2. Discussion on content and organisation of the program
The purpose with a program as the definition we are working with is, as previously noted; it
is a coordination of different development interventions, in a defined theme within a specific
geographical area. The purpose is to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the
development cooperation.
All suggestions of possible designs of the programme should be measured against this
definition, also when it comes to the possible roles of the three involved parties, i.e. the
Swedish organisations, Forum Syd and the local Ethiopian organisations.
In common for all three parties is also that without having a clear role in the program the
motivation for participation will decrease.
4.1.2.a. The role of Forum Syd
Having in mind ownership of a program, Forum Syd’s role in the possible HIV/AIDS
program in Ethiopia will have significant impact. However, following discussions made with

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Luz Baastrup, program coordinator at Forum Syd, we learned that the role taken by Forum
Syd in other programmes have been more of an implementing one. However the organisation
now is developing a strategy where the ownership is divided among SveOs, LeOs and Forum
Syd.
One of the risks with a too strong role/involvement (other than being responsible for
administration and coordination of the program) of Forum Syd in the program is that the
ownership of the program can eventually shift and end up in the local Forum Syd office (i.e.
the Forum Syd staff). This will create a vacuum especially by the time the program phases out
and there will be no one accessible in order to continue to build on the experiences that the
project hopefully has achieved during the program years, in other words to make it
sustainable.
Therefore, we underline that Forum Syd initially will have an implementing role in the
beginning of the program but successively will hand over power to the local Ethiopian
organisation(s) so that Forum Syd’s role at the end of the program will become more of an
administrative.
Forum Syd should play a role as a capacity building and technical support provider to the
local NGOs and CBOs. Part of the capacity building that will be initiated from the capacity
building intervention (see below) will probably be realised by Forum Syd staff. It should
provide financial and material support when necessary, by giving local partner organisations
access to funds from the HIV/AIDS prevention fund (see below), but also assist LeOs with
information about other possible funding sources. Forum Syd will facilitate the exchange of
ideas and skills between local NGOs, between local and Swedish NGOs and between NGOs
within the region, assist in establishing a strong network among the local NGOs, local and
Swedish NGOs and between NGOs within the region and act as a resource centre for
members of the network.
Forum Syd’s role should provide assistance in strengthening various information and
advocacy campaigns identified as important by the partner organisations.
4.1.2.b. The role of Ethiopian organisations
The Ethiopian organisations see primarily the program (at this stage of development), as
another funding source. This may be due to the limited information given by the consultants
during the discussions with the organisations. May be with the difference that they have had
the possibility to influence the objectives of the programme, and therefore feel that the
programme have better chances to meet needs among the beneficiaries the organisation have
relationships with. For the continued process it is important to include the Ethiopian
organisation when it come the prioritisation of objectives, decisions about target groups and
methodologies. If the participatory approach is continued one can foresee that the Ethiopian
organisations could see the benefit of cooperation in-between themselves realising commonly
decided objectives and results. The Ethiopian organisations would play roles in a coordinated
HIV/AIDS program in such a way that they can provide capacity building and trainings
among program member organisations, can assist in the coordination of networking among
program member organisations, can provide technical support for members and can as a link
between the network and the community.

Fesibility study on HIV AIDS report April 2006

Fesibility study on HIV AIDS report April 2006

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