Non Black Filler In Rubber Product

L. D. COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
RUBBER TECHNOLOGY
Sub:- r.c.m.( rubber compounding materials)
1Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup

Topic:-Non Black-Fillers

Introduction
Non black filler mainly used for;
Reduce cost
Improve processing
Increasing hardness
Tensile strength
Tear resistance
Abrasion resistance
Other properties….

They are classified as :
• Fillers used mainly to reduce cost.
• Semi-reinforcing fillers.
• Reinforcing fillers.
• By the way reinforcing fillers used to achieve
high performance in non black products.

Types of fillers:
• They are described in 2 ways:
• 1.. Mineral fillers
• 2.. Organic fillers

Mineral fillers
• Aluminium Hydroxide(hyrdrated)
• Aluminium silicate(hydrated)
• Antimony trioxide
• Barium ferrite
• Barytes(barium sulfate)
• Calcium carbonates and oxide
• Calcium silicate(hydrated)
• Calsium sulphate(hydrated)

Mineral fillers
• China clays
• Graphite
• Lead
• Litharge
• Lithopone
• Magnasium carbonate
• Magnasium oxide
• Mica powder
• Silicas
• Talc or french chalk
• Zinc oxide
• Titanium dioxide
• Zinc carbonate
• Zinc steatate 7Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup

Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler
• There are 5 types under this category:
• Ground lime stone: is an off white powder with
particle size below 100 mesh. It is used where
low cost is a main consideration high loading can
be used to give only moderate hardness
• Ground chalk or whiting: is a white powder of
partical size varying to below 30nm.it is used low-
cost compound, giving moderate hardness and
farily high resilience at high loadings but with
poor tensile stregth and tear resistance.

Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler
• Precipitated Whitings:-Precipitated whitings may
be byproducts of water softening processes or
produced by precipitation from solutions of
calcium salts, with particle sizes from about 20
μm to 50 nm.
• Treated whitings:-These are precipited whitings,
the particles of which have been coated with up
to 3% of a stearate.
• Calcium hydroxide,oxide,lime:- hydrated lime was
used as an early accelerator of vulcanization.

China Clays
• China clay is the most popular filler and
cheapener used in many rubber compounds.
• It is natural hydrated aluminium silicate.
• There are Four types of china clays as per below;
=>Soft Clays
=>Hard Clays
=>Calcined Clays
=>Treated Clays.

China Clays
• Soft Clays:-
-Off white powders,
-Particle size greater than 2 μm
-High loading for low cost compounds
-Greater hardness and tensile strength
-Less resilience than the calcium carbonate
-Mainly used in mechanical goods but cannot
be used for bright coloured products.

China Clays
• Hard Clays:-
-whiter than soft clays
-particle size greater than 2 μm
-used as rein forcing fillers of moderate cost
- gives higher tensile strength, tear resistance,
and abrasion resistance than soft clays
-Mainly used in hose,flooring, and shoe soling

China Clays
• Calcined Clays:-
-Calcined to remove combined water, behave
as reinforcing fillers with good white colour.
-hardness, tensile strength and electrical
resistivity are higher than hard clays.
-They are mainly used where colour or
electrical properties are important.

China Clays
• Treated Clays:-There are three types as per
below;
- Amine coated(Frantex)
-Silane coated (Manchem)
-Polybutadiene coated (ICI W453)

Graphite:-
- Acid resistance materials
-Reduce surface friction of rubber products
-Used in hose manufacture and tire
Lithopone:-
-Mixture of Zinc sulphide and barium
sulphate.

MICA
POWDER
KAOLINE CLAY
CHINA CLAY

Silicas
• GroundMineral silica : or sand
ground below 200 mesh is a cheap filler for heat
resistant compounds and does not have effect on
cure.
• Kieselguhr:
kieselguhr is a finally ground siliceous material
also used for heat resistant compounds.

• Hydrated precipitated silicas:
These silica have partical size of 10 to 14 nm.
They contain 10 to 14% water. They give high
degree reinforcement to rubber compound to
give high tensile strength ,tear resistance
,abrasion resistance and hardness .
They are used in translucent and colored
product, mechanical goods and shoe soling.

• Fume silica or pyrogenic silica:
• this silica contains less than 2% water, they are
highly reinforcing filler of very small partical size
,giving high tensile strength , tear resistance and
abrasion resistance particularly to transparent
silicone rubber.
• The used of wax, polyethen or other lubricating
material is recommended to avoid sticking to rolls
in processing and to mould after cure.

Zinc oxide
• It is white powder and is used as an
accelerator ,activator and reinforcing filler
which gives compound with high tensile
strength and resilience but only moderate
hardness.
• It is used at high loading to produce plastic
and easily mould compound; these tend to
stick to mills, calendar etc.

Talc
• It is naturally occuring mineral .
• It is used as an inert filler in heat resisting
compound for gaskets, autoclave jointing etc.
• It is mainly used as an antitack dusting agent
to prevent sticking of unvulcanized rubber to
it self or to other surfaces.

Organic fillers
• Cork
• Glue
• Heveaplus
• High styrene resins
• Phenolic resins
• Shellac

Organic fillers
• Glue:
• It impart toughness and strength to rubber
compound giving a leathery rubber.
• It also impart oil and fule resistance and thus
used for making hose lining and gaskets.
• Due to toughness and its used for making
shoe soles and heels etc.

Organic fillers
• Cork:
• Natural cork ground to various degrees of
fineness from about 3 mm particles to
powder, give compound with a high degree of
resilience and compressibility and is used
flooring ,tiles, gaskets etc.

CORK
PHENOLIC RESIN

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