2. It’s realized through certain items that do not have value or cannot be given a semantic interpretation but have to be interpreted by reference to other items or to an information that must be found somewhere else inside or outside the text. These items are: REFERENCE and REFERENT

3. ENDOPHORA Anaphora Cataphora Back in the text Forward in the text EXOPHORA Outside the text

10. Is the cohesive effect that is produced by the vocabulary used in a text.