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醫療糾紛事件調解
-院外調解技巧
臺大醫院急診醫學部
劉越萍醫師
醫療
糾紛
其他客訴
事件
醫療爭議
(Medical dispute)
2
名詞定義
訴訟外糾紛解決機制(ADR)?
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2920009/Accountant-snapped-shot-dead-heart-surgeon-
blamed-death-beloved-mother-three-years-wrote-John-Kerry-anger-8-000-hospital-bill-father-s-
death.html
訴訟外糾紛解決機制(ADR)
4
訴訟
仲裁
和解
調處/調解談判
促進
法院訴訟、仲裁、調解、專家鑑定等紛爭解決
機制的時間與成本比較
台北市衛生局醫療爭議調處流程
6
民眾觀點~
醫界觀點
9
目前的醫療糾紛事件處理模式
………… 沒有人是贏家
危機就是轉機!!
對「醫療糾紛」的兩種態度
• 從風險管理(Risk Management)的角度
─防禦性醫療
─醫療傷害責任保險
• 從品質保證(Quality Assurance) 的角度
─醫療傷害之流行病學研究
─醫療錯誤之預防醫學研究
面對醫療糾紛的新思維: 預防勝於治療
14
Waiting for
Superman…
waiting some more…
still waiting…
15
Why does mediation work?
調解/調處制度
促進式調解
• 在主觀上,調解人是程序的促
進者,對調解結果不預設立場;
• 在客觀上,調解人協助各方釐
清各別的立場與利益;鼓勵各
方理解、甚至肯認他方的利益;
協助各方發展、提出適切反映
利益的方案;
• 在著重的傾向上,「過程取向」
重於「結果取向」。
評價式調處
• 在主觀上,調解人有評價式傾向;
• 在客觀上,調解人有評價式行為;
• 在著重的傾向上,「結果取向」
重於「過程取向」。
17
何時適合促進式調解?何時適合評價式調解?
• 基本的立場是:「只有在必要的時候,才進行評價」。
• 盡量在調解程序的較後階段才進行評價,好處為:
1. 讓調解人可以先充分暸解阻礙當事人和解的障礙,並試圖
排除該障礙
2. 讓調解人有時間可以建立並增強當事人對他的信賴和信心;
3. 調解人先以問題及討論的方式來進行時,當事人通常會以
比較實際、務實的態度來檢視其案件。
透過促進式調解重新修補醫病關係
19
目前台北市推動的醫療關懷調解訓練
~ 參考日本院內醫療促進溝通調解制度(IHM)
IHM的行動規範
• 支援患者=醫療者的直接對話(關懷)
不作自身的意見、見解之表明(三不)
・不作原因説明・事實認定
・不作醫院改善對策之提案
・不作法的評價、賠償提示
維持不偏不倚的位置
*利用問話、透過問題達成資訊共有來支援雙方
*以達成關懷、充權與認知之轉變
Good mediators
Knowledge
AttitudeSkill
• Complete information on all sides
• Complete understanding of the
process
• Good Situation
Monitoring Skills
• Good communication
skills
• Conflict management/
resolution skills
• Empathy
• Impartiality
• Confidence
• Patience
Reframing
• Means considering an issue
from many different aspects
Two types of
reframing
Context
Reframing
Content
Reframing
請問這位醫師是誰?
有個男人和他的兒子發生嚴重車禍,男人不幸
身亡,兒子則被送往醫院急診室。抵達醫院時,
急診室醫師倒吸一口氣說:『這男孩是我兒子!』
Truth VS True (Fact)
我覺得我黑眼圈好重喔,可以請PS神人幫
我P掉嗎?
同理並不代表同意,而是我能理解,我能
傾聽你的感受。
當母女碰上蘋果
Good mediators
Knowledge
AttitudesSkills
• Complete information on all sides
• Complete understanding of the
process
• Good Situation
Monitoring Skills
• Good communication
skills
• Conflict management/
resolution skills
• Empathy
• Impartiality
• Confidence
• Patience
31
Components of
Situation Monitoring:
病患狀況
同仁狀況
邁向目標
周圍環境
交涉風格
讓步(accommodation)
為維持和諧關係,一方順從另一方
合作(Collaboration)
為了能盡量滿足彼此的利益,從多種觀點來
摸索解決之道
逃避(Avoidance)
脫離對立狀況,否定對立的存在
競爭(Competition)
以勝利為目標,進行競爭
妥協(Compromise)
放棄一定的利益,去找出雙方的認同點
高
高
低
低
對
對
方
利
益
的
關
切
度
對自我利益的關切度
Good Situation Monitoring Skills
• IPI分析:Issues (爭議點)、Positions (表面主張)、Interests
(深層欲求)
爭議點
爭議點 爭議點
表面主張表面主張
成為重點的問題
當事人提出的表面主張
(事實主張/要求主張/情感表露)
深層欲求深層欲求
深層的利害關係,想法,欲求
現實的轉變與共存
時
間
對話的過程
I = 深層欲求 P=表面主張
I
P
I
I
I
I
P P
P
P
P
I
I
察覺
察覺
察覺
認知構造圖
Issue
Position
Interest
給藥錯誤的投訴
• 家屬說,高齡84歲的父親9月13日突
然昏迷,緊急送往醫院急診治療,經
醫師診斷為腦中風,評估9月20日即
可出院。9月19日清晨,護理人員拿
一顆藥給他父親服用,他詢問對方是
否為飯後服用,對方回覆,須飯前,
他隨即讓他父親服用。
• 家屬表示,父親服完藥物後,護理人
員忽然急忙折返詢問他先前給的藥服
用了沒,經詢問得知隔壁病床的看護
向護理站反映,沒拿到她照看的病患
應服用藥物eltroxin,護理人員才發
現錯把隔壁床的藥拿給他父親服用。
他直呼:「太扯了!」隔天父親轉加
護病房治療,他也懷疑是因錯用藥造
成父親病情加重。
I
P
I
P 病人 A醫方
傳統處理模式
醫院:會懲處
• 對此,醫院公關室主任說,當天是護理師
未確認清楚,把隔壁病床患者的藥錯給陳
老先生服用,事後檢驗,陳老先生轉加護
病房治療與此藥無關,會懲處失職護理人
員,但不方便讓護理人員受訪。
衛生局官員表示
• 依《護理人員法》規定,護理人員給藥須三
讀五對,才不會發生錯誤,由此可知護理人
員做法不當,恐有違法疑慮,依法可處1個月
以上、1年以下停業處分,情節重大者須廢止
其執業執照,若涉及刑責,應依法辦理,而
此案須視個案認定,依情節輕重判定是否違
反法規。
醫療促進溝通
調解模式
醫療促進溝通調解技巧
• 察覺的技巧
• STEP
• IPI 爭點分析模式
• 溝通的技巧
• 傾聽
• 促進對話的技巧
• 當對話中出現正面內容時
• 當發現有過度的攻擊反應時
• 當醫方的說明過於專業且冗長時
• 不知如何延續對話的時候
• 當對話內容不斷反覆時
• 當出現憤怒以外的情緒時
維持中立,從旁守護的重要性
Questions? Comments?
Email: yuehping@ntuh.gov.tw

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醫療糾紛事件調解 院外調解