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研究分野”知”図と可視化




            藤田裕二
          日本大学理工学部
    (株)ターンストーンリサーチ
Technology/Science Map
•   科学/技術の最前線を視覚的に把握したい
•   学際研究, 技術の融合のための手がかり
•   具体的, 計量的な研究の出発点


             ↓
      イノベーションの構造と力学
経済物理学の研究対象
• 資産市場に関係した研究
  • 株価・為替・不動産価格のダイナミクス
• マクロ経済に関係した研究
  • 個人: 富や所得のサイズ分布とゆらぎ
  • 企業: サイズ, ゆらぎ, ネットワーク, ...
  • 景気変動
• 経営学に関係した研究
  • ヒット現象, マーケティング,...
イノベーションと経済物理
•   経済物理学 = 経済活動に物理学(統計的力学)
    の手法を適用
•   イノベーションは個別の出来事であり, それ
    ぞれ独立した物語と因果の系列がある(ように
    見える).
    •   投資家や企業も自分の事情と目標に則って行動
    •   イノベーションにも構造が見られるのでは?
技術革新の構造
     Space Shuttle = 有人宇宙プログラム + X-15
     •   HSF: Mercury, Gemini, Apollo
          •   多段ロケット, 液体ロケットエンジン, 軌道制御, 再突入
     •   X-15: マッハ6以上で高度100kmを飛ぶ実験機
          •   熱, 極超音速と大気圏上層部での姿勢制御
     ロケットエンジンで宇宙に出て, 超音速グライダー
     として帰還する乗り物


•   新たな知識/技術/ビジネス = 既存の知見の組み
    合わせ
リードタイムのリスク
    •
        ディーゼルエンジン
        •
            1897年 ルドルフ・ディーゼルが設計
        •
            1935年 チャールズ・ケタリングが実用化
•
    無線通信
    •
        1864年 マクスウェルの方程式
    •
        1901年 マルコーニの大西洋横断無線通信

              時間的ギャップを解決するには?

              知識間の繋がり/隔たりの把握が第一歩
知図化の対象
•   技術データ
    •   日本の特許データ
•   知識データ
    •   Google scholar 検索結果
    •   Web of Science from Reuters
分析手法
•   既存の研究/技術分類を使う
•   研究分野間距離は両分野の Jaccard Index
        d(A, B) = 1.0 - #(A and B)/ #(A or B)
•   距離行列の固有ベクトル表現を使って, 高次元
    空間を低次元ユークリッド空間(今回は平面)に
    埋め込む: Torgerson's Multi-Dimentional
    Scaling
2012.08.28
2012.08.28
2012.08.28
2012.08.28
2012.08.28
2012.08.28
2012.08.28

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2012.08.28

  • 1. 研究分野”知”図と可視化 藤田裕二 日本大学理工学部 (株)ターンストーンリサーチ
  • 2. Technology/Science Map • 科学/技術の最前線を視覚的に把握したい • 学際研究, 技術の融合のための手がかり • 具体的, 計量的な研究の出発点 ↓ イノベーションの構造と力学
  • 3. 経済物理学の研究対象 • 資産市場に関係した研究 • 株価・為替・不動産価格のダイナミクス • マクロ経済に関係した研究 • 個人: 富や所得のサイズ分布とゆらぎ • 企業: サイズ, ゆらぎ, ネットワーク, ... • 景気変動 • 経営学に関係した研究 • ヒット現象, マーケティング,...
  • 4. イノベーションと経済物理 • 経済物理学 = 経済活動に物理学(統計的力学) の手法を適用 • イノベーションは個別の出来事であり, それ ぞれ独立した物語と因果の系列がある(ように 見える). • 投資家や企業も自分の事情と目標に則って行動 • イノベーションにも構造が見られるのでは?
  • 5. 技術革新の構造 Space Shuttle = 有人宇宙プログラム + X-15 • HSF: Mercury, Gemini, Apollo • 多段ロケット, 液体ロケットエンジン, 軌道制御, 再突入 • X-15: マッハ6以上で高度100kmを飛ぶ実験機 • 熱, 極超音速と大気圏上層部での姿勢制御 ロケットエンジンで宇宙に出て, 超音速グライダー として帰還する乗り物 • 新たな知識/技術/ビジネス = 既存の知見の組み 合わせ
  • 6. リードタイムのリスク • ディーゼルエンジン • 1897年 ルドルフ・ディーゼルが設計 • 1935年 チャールズ・ケタリングが実用化 • 無線通信 • 1864年 マクスウェルの方程式 • 1901年 マルコーニの大西洋横断無線通信 時間的ギャップを解決するには? 知識間の繋がり/隔たりの把握が第一歩
  • 7. 知図化の対象 • 技術データ • 日本の特許データ • 知識データ • Google scholar 検索結果 • Web of Science from Reuters
  • 8. 分析手法 • 既存の研究/技術分類を使う • 研究分野間距離は両分野の Jaccard Index d(A, B) = 1.0 - #(A and B)/ #(A or B) • 距離行列の固有ベクトル表現を使って, 高次元 空間を低次元ユークリッド空間(今回は平面)に 埋め込む: Torgerson's Multi-Dimentional Scaling