Project for PHY121: Energy and the Environment

1. Sustainable
City and
Architecture
Design
PHY121 Project
2008 Summer
Yuna Kubota

2. Index
• Cities must be Sustainable
• Compact city
– Connection of the Compact Nodes
– Energy Reduce
– Compact City Example 1
– Compact City Example 2
• Reduce Energy Consumption
– City’s Outline
– Natural Ventilation for a building
• Adoption of Reproducible Energy
– Solar-Powered City
– Wind power
• Conceptual Appeal
– Sustainable Appealing
• Bibliography

3. Cities must be sustainable
More than three quarters of the world’s population will
have lived in cities by 2050.* If the cities are
sustainable it would greatly affect the earth’s
environment. So architects and city planners can
considerably contribute to help to prevent pollution and
improve our planet’s environment as well as
government. All cities must be sustainable for future.
*: Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima
Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p4. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

4. Compact City
Compact and mix-used city reduces transportation.
• Zoning of functions makes people
depend their transportation on
private cars.
• Compact nodes can reduce car
uses and people can walk or use
bicycles in the community.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996).
p39. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.
Residence
Entertainment
Job
Residence
Entertainment
Job
Distance
we need cars
Walk-able
bicycle-able
distance

5. Connection of Compact nodes
The compact nodes can be joined with mass public transportation,
like trains.
• Open linear system • Closed looping system
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002. 39.
Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

6. Energy Reduce
Compact city also can reduce energy consumption.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p51.
Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.
Conventional System
Power is generated far to a city
Compact System
Power is generated in the
district, so heat of secondary
product can also be used.
CHPs supplies heat and
electricity to the region.
(heat will not be wasted)
CHPs can turn refuse to
energy.

7. Compact and Mix-used City Example
RiverParc project in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 2006
Behnisch Architekten
• The Small neighborhood of 6 acres
with about 700 residence units,
hotel, art venue, retails, offices,
variety of parks etc.
• People can satisfy their daily
necessities including their jobs in
the only two-block walk-able
neighborhood without car.
• The big Eighth Street is paved for
pedestrian as a community’s spine.
"Riverparc." Benisch Architekten. 19 June 2008 <http://www.behnisch.com/#>.

8. Compact and Mix-used City Example
Majorca Technopolis primary idea, R. Rogers
• The technopolis is divided
into three communities. Each
community is of about 2000
residents and arranged to be
walk-able or bicycle-able.
• Then public transportation
connects the centers of them.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002
(1996). p54-55. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

9. Reduce Energy Consumption
First step to reduce pollutant fuel dependency
• We use a lot energy for lighting,
heating and cooling. We can
reduce energy consumption itself
by utilizing nature, such as
sunlight and wind.
• Japanese shoji is one of the
simple example. Big opening can
take a lot of natural light in to the
building, so we do not need
artificial lighting during
daytime.The shoji slidiing door
can moderate the light and
tempreture, and protect us from
wind too. We can cantrol them
easily just by opening or shtting
the shoji door by our hands.

10. City’s Outline
New city development proposal
Lu Jiazui, Shanghai, R. Rogers
• Contour of the city is set considering
that natural light can reach utmost
space and wind can be used as
natural cooling system and
ventilation.
• Six mix-used neighborhoods
specially create central park.
Buildings with several heights are
grouped so that obstruction of
sunlight, wind current, and views
can be greatly lessened.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p48-
49. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

11. Natural Ventilation for a building
Annual income Agency project competition, 1992,
R. Rogers
• Roof form creates natural ventilation
and reduce necessity of mechanical
ventilation.
• The surrounding trees clear the dust
in the air and give moisture.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p90-91.
Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

12. Adoption of Reproducible Energy
Second step to reduce pollutant fuel dependency
• Energy source should be recyclable
and unlimited. It must not damage
the natural cycle.
• Sunlight and Wind power is popular
for reproducible energy source.
• Wastes from lumbering is burned as
energy fuel at Biomass CHP plant in
Eskilstuna, Sweden. It supplies
electricity to about 3000 residence
units and all commercial buildings in
the commune.
James, Sarah, and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natiral Step for Communities (In Jpanese). Tokyo: Shinhyoron, 2006 (2004).
Translated by Takami, Sachiko.

13. Solar-Powered City
Rizhao, China
• 99 percent of households in the central
districts and more than 30% of the
residences in rural area use solar water
heaters
• The solar collecting area now totals
560,000 square meters, reducing
conventional electricity use by 348 million
kWh each year.
• Save 36,000 tons of coal each year, with
an associated reduction of 320 tons of
SO2 and 81,400 tons of CO2.
• Most traffic signals and streetlights are
powered by photovoltaic cells, and a lot
of greenhouse and school have solar
panels on their walls.
• This is a city-wise successful project
resulted by a supportive government
policy, local solar industries, and strong
leadership.
Bai, Xuemei. "RIZHAO, CHINA: Solar-Powered City." World Watch 20 (2007): 31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 19 June 2008.
"RIZHAO: China Solar-Powered Sunshine City." Inhabitat. 19 June 2008 <http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/06/05/rizhao-the-sunshine-city/>.
"Mainstreaming Conservation and Renerables." World Clean Energy Awords. 19 June 2008 <www.cleanenergyawards.com/.../ project/64>.
^ Solar devices on the roofs
> Solar-powered kettles

14. 100% Wind-Powered Community
Rock Port, Missouri
• Loess Hill Wind Farm has 4 wind
turbines on agricultural lands within
the city of Rock Port.
• Turbines do not take massive space
on the ground as conventional
power plant. (Attractive to compact
community)
• Wind of only 9 miles par hour can
activate power production
• The turbines are directly connected
to city’s main electronic lines.
• Rock Port consumes about13million
KwH annually, and Loess Hill wind
farm can provide 16 million KwH
each year.
"Rock Port." 19 June 2008 <http://www.rockportwind.com/>.

15. Conceptual Appeal
• Architecture and community should
appeal sustainability visually and
sensibly not only functionally and
practically. Because very important
thing to create really successful
sustainable communities is
consciousness of people living
there.
An "urban district above the water" in Seoul, Korea
by SCIFI and Minsuk Cho
The School of Art Design & Media in Nanyang Singapore
by CPG Consultants Pte Ltd

16. Sustainable Appealing Space
Tokyo international forum competition proposal, R.Rogers
• Tokyo is crowded with Buildings, so Richard Rogers thought
that the site should be spiritual, outside space for public on
ground level rather than artificial structure.
• Three halls are hang from sixth-floor level creating free
outside space where people can feel nature anytime.
• This space spiritually inspire people to be attached to nature
in the busy city.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai,
2002 (1996). p75. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

17. Bibliography
Bai, Xuemei. "RIZHAO, CHINA: Solar-Powered City." World Watch 20 (2007): 31. Academic Search
Premier. EBSCO. 19 June 2008.
James, Sarah, and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natiral Step for Communities (In Japanese). Tokyo: Shinhyoron,
2006 (2004). Translated by Takami, Sachiko.
"Mainstreaming Conservation and Renerables." World Clean Energy Awords. 19 June 2008
<www.cleanenergyawards.com/.../ project/64>.
"Riverparc." Benisch Architekten. 19 June 2008 <http://www.behnisch.com/#>.
"RIZHAO: China Solar-Powered Sunshine City." Inhabitat. 19 June 2008
<http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/06/05/rizhao-the-sunshine-city/>.
"Rock Port." 19 June 2008 <http://www.rockportwind.com/>.
Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima
Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.