4. Definasi 1
Kajian tindakan ialah proses ‘3-
pisingan’ yang melibatkan …
(1) perancangan yang merangkumi penyelidikan
(2) mengambil tindakan; dan
(3) ‘mencari fakta’ tentang hasil tindakan tersebut
Kurt Lewin (1947)
5. Definasi 2
Kajian tindakan adalah proses yang dilalui
oleh perlaksananya dalam usaha mereka
untuk mengkaji masalah mereka secara
ilmiah untuk …
panduan
pembetulan, dan
menilai semula keputusan dan tindakan mereka.
Stephen Corey (1953)
6. Definasi 3
Kajian tindakan dalam pendidikan
ialah satu kajian yang dilakukan
oleh rakan setara dalam sesebuah
institusi terhadap hasil aktiviti
(p&p) mereka demi menambah-
baik proses p&p.
Carl Glickman (1992)
7. Definasi 4
Kajian tindakan ialah suatu cara
lain untuk mengatakan ‘mari kita
kaji apa yang berlaku kepada
institusi pengajian kita untuk
menjadikannya sebuah institusi
pengajian yang lebih baik’.
Emily Calhoun (1994)
8. Kesimpulan Definasi
‘… pembelajaran melalui tindakan’ –
sekumpulan manusia mengenalpasti
permasalahan, membuat sesuatu untuk
menyelesaikannya dan melihat sejauh
mana mereka berjaya; dan kalau mereka
tidak puas hati, mereka mencuba lagi…’
Rory O’Brien
Faculty of Information Studies
University of Toronto
16. Sumber
(Teacher Resourses – TV)
www.teacherresources.com
(1) FGTE - From Good to Excelence
(2) Gender Saperation
(3) Kinestatic Approach
17. Penambahbaikan Berterusan
CQI – Continuous Quality Improvement
Keperluan
Rancang Buat Periksa Patuh?
Ya
Tidak
Tindakan Tindakan
Pembetulan Pembaikan
Produk
Notes de l'éditeur
Matlamat – berkongsi pengalaman, ilmu agar sama-sama membina diri masing-masing.Pasti ada beza – seseorang yang memikirkan sesuatu selama 1 semester dan seorang yang memikirkan sesuatu itu dalam masa 1 hariSeseorang yang memikirkan sesuatu itu berdasarkan pengalaman dan pembacaan ilmiah; dan seseorang yang memikirkan sesuatu itu berdasarkan pengalaman semata-mata.Kesimpulan: saling bantu-membantu
Action Research(http://www.coe.fau.edu/sfcel/default.htm)South Florida Center for Educational LeadersHow is Action Research Defined?Action Research is a three-step spiral process of (1) planning which involves reconnaissance; (2) taking actions; and (3) fact-finding about the results of the action.Kurt Lewin (1947)Action Research is the process by which practitioners attempt to study their problems scientifically in order to guide, correct, and evaluate their decisions and actions.Stephen Corey (1953) Action Research in education is study conducted by colleagues in a school setting of the results of their activities to improve instruction. Carl Glickman (1992) Action Research is a fancy way of saying let’s study what’s happening at our school and decide how to make it a better place. Emily Calhoun (1994)
Action Research is a three-step spiral process of (1) planning which involves reconnaissance; (2) taking actions; and (3) fact-finding about the results of the action.Kurt Lewin (1947)
Action Research is the process by which practitioners attempt to study their problems scientifically in order to guide, correct, and evaluate their decisions and actions.Stephen Corey (1953)
Action Research in education is study conducted by colleagues in a school setting of the results of their activities to improve instruction. Carl Glickman (1992)
Action Research is a fancy way of saying let’s study what’s happening at our school and decide how to make it a better place. Emily Calhoun (1994)
Put simply, action research is “learning by doing” - a group of people identify a problem, do something to resolve it, see how successful their efforts were, and if not satisfied, try again. Rory O’BrienFaculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto (http://www.web.net/~robrien/papers/arfinal.html)
Sehingga kita dengan jujur boleh mengiklankan kepada dunia ….‘Sesiapa yang hendak menguasai Bahasa Arab’ …. jangan pergi ke universiti al-Azhar, Universiti Madinah, tetapi UKM – FPI – Unit Bahasa Arab….Mampukah kita?Kita belum boleh mengaku kalah selagi kita tidak bermula dan mencuba…
Three Types of Action Research I. Teacher Researcher FocusOn changes in one classroomSupportFor the individual variesAudience for resultsAn individual teacherImpactMay or may not reach beyond the classroomII. Collaborative Research FocusChanges in one or more classrooms, grade level, team or departmentSupportUsually built in (university, educational service agency, district, etc.)Audience for ResultsTwo or more educatorsImpactGrade level or department, potential for partnershipsIII. Schoolwide Action Research FocusSchool improvement; focus on a student learning area of collective interestSupportFrom school commitment and leadership and external agencies or groupsAudiencefor ResultsThe entire school communityImpactGreat potential to impact school restructure and change
The Action Research ProcessStephen Kemmis has developed a simple model of the cyclical nature of the typical action research process (Figure 1). Each cycle has four steps: plan, act, observe, reflect.
Three Types of Action Research I. Teacher Researcher Focus On changes in one classroom Audience for results An individual teacherImpact May or may not reach beyond the classroom II. Collaborative Research Focus Changes in one or more classrooms, grade level, team or department Audience for Results Two or more educators Impact Grade level or department, potential for partnershipsIII. Schoolwide Action Research Focus School improvement; focus on a student learning area of collective interest Audiencefor Results The entire school community Impact Great potential to impact school restructure and change
Kajian – pengajar individu – telah dilaksanakan untuk menyelesaikan ‘bagaimana membuat pelajar bertutur sesama mereka’ dalam maharat al-muhadathahKajian – kumpulan pengajar – kesusuaian bahan pengajaran untuk mencapai objektif; perlaksanaan kumpulan; pembahagian kumpulan dsb.Kajian – menyeluruh institusi – maharat atau bahasa Arab 1, 2, 3 … 4?
Keleibhan melihat perlaksanaan di ‘school’ di UK ialah kerana majoriti pelajar kita akan terlibat dalam pengajaran BA sama ada secara langsung; atau tidak langsung – mendidik anak dsb.Pendedahan kepada metode yang dilaksanakan di sekolah-sekolah maju spt di UK membolehkan mereka membuat perbandingan di antara perlaksanaan proses P&P di sekolah sebagai pelaksana atau sebagai ibu-bapa.
di antara action researchmengajar ‘critical thinking’ pada pelajarpelajar sebagai pengajar – koloborasi di antara pelajar dan sekolah ugama di BBB
Dalam proses pembaikan dan pembetulan – program menjadi bertambah baik, atau ‘menghasilkan ciptaan baru’ – di mana kita menjadi pelopornya.
