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ADEPT is a research project for IoT using peer-to-peer and blockchain technology.
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IBM ADEPT
1.
DEVICE DEMOCRACY Solid 2015 ! ! ! IBM
Institute for BusinessValue
2.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation CREDITS IBM IBV ! Paul Brody Veena Pureswaran Sumbala Nair Sanjay Pannikar ADEPT team ! Speaker Henning Diedrich 2
3.
ADEPT IoT research project
by IBM 3
4.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT: CES DEMO RECAP • washer buying detergent • washer bartering energy use • washer ordering service 4 Retailer Order, Payment Confirmation Payment Negotiation Detergent! Check TV Price Alert Confirmation Service Request Service" Vendor Service Checklist! Warranty Check Owner ADEPT" WASHER Notification 1 2 3
5.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation BIG PICTURE IOT • coming massive computing power of ‘things’ • failed expectations • market size trailing predictions • IBM IoT Platform on Bluemix • autonomous devices • inter-device commerce 5
6.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT: IOT CHALLENGE FOCUS √ cost □ trust √ monetisation √ interoperability √ discoverability √ authentication √ long term service expectation □ scale 6 Lackof Not future-proof Lackofprivacy Internet of Things Brok en business High cost m odels functionalvalue
7.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation DEVICE OWNERSHIP OPTIONS • manufacturer • provider • owner • device 7
8.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation DECENTRALIZATION 8 ! device agency device democracy open platform common market
9.
ADEPTVISION
10.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT DESIGN √ trust-less peer-to-peer messaging √ distributed file sharing √ autonomous device coordination □ identity 10
11.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPTVISION □ highly efficient digital marketplaces √ real-time resource competition √ inter-device agreements √ direct payments between devices √ service and resource barter between devices □ inter-device reputation ! √ = demo’ed 11
12.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT DEVICE CATEGORIES 12 ADEPT Device Categories Light&Wallet& Messaging& File&Transfer& Related&Peer&List& Op7mized&Wallet& Messaging& File&Transfer& Related&Peer&List& Autonomous&Device& Coordina7on&Framework& Data&Management&&&Analy7cs& Transac7on&Verifica7on& (capabilityIbased)& Full&Wallet& Messaging& File&Transfer& Related&Peer&List& Autonomous&Device& Coordina7on&Framework& Data&Management&&&Analy7cs& Transac7on&Verifica7on&& (Full)& Marketplace&Enablers& P.&Ex.&Marketplaces& Implemented&as&PoC& Proposed& Light&Peer& Standard&Peer& Peer&Exchange& 37
13.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT ARCHITECTURE (√) protocols, services, applications √ TeleHash, BitTorrent, Ethereum □ light peers, standard peers, hub 13 ADEPT Architecture Logical View Devices enabled as decentralized autonomous peers Device communication private by UI Business Messaging LifeCycle Message Blockchain LifeCycle Transaction File Sharing LifeCycle File sharing Data LifeCycle Peer Analytics Asset Appliance Examples Resource Virtual Diagnosti Data Management (e.g. MySQL & Distributed DB) E.g. Android, Linux compatibility Messaging Store & Optimized Blockchain Mining File Sharing (e.g. Own and Light Peer protocol Autonomous Device ADEPTInstaller Application Open source Open source Data OS
14.
ADEPT Architecture Logical View Devices
enabled as decentralized autonomous peers Device communication private by design Capability to achieve distributed consensus UI Business Logic Messaging Service LifeCycle Message Handler Blockchain Service LifeCycle Transaction Handler File Sharing Service LifeCycle File sharing Handler Data Management Service LifeCycle Peer Management Analytics Asset sharing Appliance Self-service Examples Resource Bartering Virtual Credit Management Diagnostics Data Management (e.g. MySQL & Distributed DB) E.g. Android, Linux compatibility Messaging (e.g. Telehash) Store & Forward Optimized Blockchain (e.g. Ethereum) Mining File Sharing (e.g. BitTorrent & OBEX) Own and Light Peer protocol handler Autonomous DeviceCordination Framework ADEPTInstaller Application Layer Open source Services Open source Protocols Data Layer OS Interface
15.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ADEPT DEVICE SECURITY AND MAINTENANCE • automatic and secure software updates • verification of trustworthiness of peers • self-maintaining, self-servicing units 15
16.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation| / Use Case 1: The Autonomous Washer Autonomous transactions between Washer, Retailer, After Sales Service and other appliances. 16 Retailer Order, Payment Confirmation Payment Negotiation Detergent! Check TV Price Alert ConfirmationService Request Service" Vendor Service Checklist! Warranty Check Owner ADEPT" WASHER Notification 1 2 3 Consumables Marketplace1 2 3 Service Marketplace Energy Marketplace Use Case Scenarios:
17.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation| Interactions – Detergent reorder Trigger: Detergent falls below re-order level Make payment against existing contract. ! Features demonstrated Consumables analytics Policy to invoke payment contract Secure point to point messaging Ethereum Payment() Telehash Create order() Telehash Dispatch confirmation () Notify owner() Notify owner() 1 2 2 3 4 4 17 Authorized Retailer Authorized Retailer
18.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation|18 Interactions – component in-warranty replacement If In warranty, raise telehash Replacement Order() If in warranty, Telehash Service order confirm () Notify owner() Notify owner() Verify warranty status() 1 5 4 2 3 3 5 Trigger: Washer detects potential air filter failure. Find authorized service center. ! Internet discovery In device analytics Block chain verification Secure point to point messaging Check warranty status()
19.
BLOCKCHAIN Why Blockchain?
20.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation WHAT IS A BLOCKCHAIN? ! • trust-less network • signed transactions • public consensus • transaction code 20
21.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation SMART CONTRACTS • transaction scripts • on- or off-chain • transacting value-holding token • micro-fee capability 21
22.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation BLOCKCHAIN CHALLENGES privacy scaling mining finality volatility legality stability 22
23.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation • Bitcoin limited smart contracts • Ethereum not ready • Ripple not decentralized 23
24.
THE CLOUD as peer
25.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation CLOUD AND ADEPT • hash key in the chain • content in key-value* store like Cloudant • scaling platform like Softlayer 25
26.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation CLOUD AS PEER Cloud as State-Holder • cost efficient • unlimited capacity • elastic scale 26 Cloud as Code-Repository • light protocol • fast execution • out-of-band validation
27.
ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS
28.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation CURRENT RESEARCH • Consensus implementations • Performance scaling vs centralized solutions • Energy cost of proof of stake vs. proof of work 28
29.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation CONSENSUS IMPLEMENTATIONS • Proof of Work • Proof of Stake • Traditional Consensus Protocols 29
30.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation PERFORMANCE SCALINGVS CENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS Performance for decentralized and centralized models with increasing network size for downloading a 100 MB file, with Kademlia messages generated between any random pair of nodes at an interval of 30 ms. 30
31.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ENERGY COST 31 Power&Consump-on:&PoS&v/s&PoW • 2"device"types"" • GPU_dev:"" • Radeon"R9"290X" • Idle"power:"20W" • Stressed"power:"308W" • Intel"BaseAT"NIC" • Idle"power:"21.2W" • AcHve"power:"21.4W" • CPU_dev:"" • Intel"PenHum"4"540"processor"" • Idle"power:"150W" • Stressed"power:"223W" • Intel"BaseAT"NIC" • Idle"power:"21.2W" • AcHve"power:"21.4W" " • 1000"devices" • 100"miners,"900"nonAminers" • 1"blockchain,"12s"blockAHme" • Nature"of"traffic" • SimulaHon"run"for"12,000"seconds"(1000"block"Hmes)" • On"average,"an"event"happens"every"0.25s" • Event"is"either"publish_contract,"call_contract,"or" send_money."Each"happens"with"equal"probability." • Up"to"41%"less"power"consumed"by"PoS"than" PoW."This"is"in"the"all"GPU"case." 0" 20" 40" 60" 80" 100" 120" 140" 160" 180" 200" 0" 0.25" 0.5" 0.75" 1" Avg."Power"Consumed" FracHon"of"GPU"devices" Total"PoS" Total"PoW"
32.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation ENERGY COST 32 • 1000#Raspberry#Pi s## • 100#miners,#900#non3miners# • 12s#block38me# • Simula8on#run#for#12,000s# • Choice#of#consensus#mechanism#ma>ers#–# but#not#so#much#for#low#power#devices# • PoW#consumes#less#than#6%#more#energy# than#PoS# • Energy#consumed#by#PoS#consensus# mechanism#is#close#to#devices#opera8ng#in# idle#mode#
33.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation BLOCKCHAIN SIZE 33 Size%of%the%Add,only%Block,chain 0" 200" 400" 600" 800" 1000" 1200" 1" 7" 13" 19" 25" 31" 37" 43" 49" 55" 61" 67" 73" 79" 85" 91" 97"103"109"115"121"127"133"139"145"151"157"163"169"175"181"187"193"199"205"211"217"223"229"235"241"247"253"259"265"271"277"283"289" Size"of"Blockchain"(MB)" Time"(Hours)" 100"tps" 50"tps" 25"tps" 10"tps" • This"chart"emphasizes"the"need"for"block"chain"pruning." • A"device"with"1GB"memory"would"run"out"of"memory"fairly"quickly.""" Time"of"crash" Time"of"crash" Time"of"crash" Time"of"crash"
34.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation OTHERS’ EFFORTS • Samsung • Filament • 21 34
35.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation FILAMENT 35
36.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation FILAMENT TeleHash Bitcoin mainnet Blockname DNS JOSE off-chain code Pennybank microtransactions 36
37.
SUMMARY & OUTLOOK
38.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation WHAT WE'VE LEARNED • concept works • much left to do • blockchain works as advertised • smart contracts are a powerful new paradigm • machine-to-machine commerce works 38
39.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation WHAT WE DON'T KNOWYET • scaling • privacy • consensus algorithm 39
40.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation PRODUCTS AS SUBSCRIBED EXPERIENCE • empowering the sharing economy • subscription, not purchase • full life time full service 40 Instrumented Intelligent Invisible Interactive Interconnected
41.
© 2015 IBM
Corporation BUILDING AN OPEN DEVICE ECOSYSTEM ! Charge to the industry 41 p Registration of new device Authentication of remote users Contract to barter power with other appliances Checklist for automobile safety
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