1.
THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
BY: AHMAD ELSAEED

2.
THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
 Why the probability of heart attack increasing
in the morning at 8 o’clock ?
 Or crash your car on a Moto way at 2 o’clock
in the afternoon ?
 Can tack a medication at right time in the day
to save your life ?
 When we eat or play or sleep or tested

3.
THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK CONT'D
The answer of these question lie in the
secret world of the biological clock

4.
THE FIRST EVIDENCE
 At a depth of 114km in a cave at 1962 the
geologist Michael sfera make a experiment
on himself
 Live in this cave for many months until lost
Sense of time
 The result of this experiment shows that his
body Walking on a regular routine

5.
THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
 Finally, scientists began to discover the truth
about the biological clock inside our bodies
and found out that it is there in every cell of
our body!
 There are specific genes within the cell
responsible for time keeping.

6.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

7.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK RATE
 All of us have biological clock but it’s differ
form one person to another
 The normal rate is 24 hours
 The maximum rate is 25
 The minimum rate is 22

8.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

9.
FROM 6 AM TO 8 AM

10.
FROM 6 AM TO 8 AM
 Start of day and Getting out of bed
 Not only the long of biological clock affect on
wake up early but also age

11.
WAKE UP
We start our life prefer wake up early
 From 10 to 21 year sleep late and wake up
late
 From 21 to 55 years sleep late and wake up
early
 From 55 years we sleep early and wake up
early

12.
FROM 8 AM TO 11 AM

13.
FROM 8 AM TO 11 AM
 In this period you wake up an ready to
launch
 The most dangerous period in the day
 Br carful to make this period Full of energy

14.
FROM 8 AM TO 11 AM CONT'D
 The probability of heart attack increase by 3
time

15.
FROM 12 PM TO 2 PM

16.
FROM 12 PM TO 2 PM
 The best period in a day for Best
performance , thinking and do exams

17.
FROM 12 PM TO 2 PM CONT'D
Best period to study

18.
FROM 2PM TO 4 PM

19.
FROM 2PM TO 4 PM
Low performance

20.
FROM 2PM TO 4 PM CONT'D
We sleep twice a day In the afternoon and In
the evening
 Sleeping In the afternoon is called a nap
 Nap Ranging from 10 to 20 minutes

21.
IF WE DID NOT HAVE A NAP

22.
Different biological clock
There is a special
clock in the heart to
set its beats,
in the liver , in the
kidney. So, in every
part and every cell of
our body, there is a
clock for time keeping!

23.
DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
This different allow doctor to treat with each
member of body according to schedule and
this will be lead to find medicine for diseases

24.
KRISTEN TEEFONE'S EXPERIMENT

25.
FROM 4PM TO 6PM

26.
FROM 4PM TO 6PM
 Performance increases again
 Highest body temperature
 Highest blood pressure

27.
CYCLING HOUR RECORD

28.
FROM 6PM TO 8PM

29.
FROM 6PM TO 8PM
 Highest body temperature
 Over the years Eating habits changed
 “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince,
and dinner like a pauper” Adelle Davis.
 Body Getting ready for sleep not eat

30.
FROM 8PM TO 10PM

31.
FROM 8PM TO 10PM
 The biological clock start to relax
 Start thinking in sleep

32.
DECEIVE THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

33.
EXPOSURE TO LIGHT
 At sunrise and at Sunset because biological
clock is more sensitive to light
 At sunrise make us wake up early (increase
clock speed)
 At sunset make us sleep late (decrease clock
speed)

34.
NIGHT SHIFT
 Found that Diseases of cancer increases for
people that have work at evening to morning

35.
SLEEP

36.
FROM 2AM TO 4AM

37.
FROM 2AM TO 4AM
 The activity of the body decreases to the
lowest case
 Death cases increases but also Natural birth
increases form 3AM to 5AM

38.
WHAT IS SLEEP?
 An altered state in
which people
become relatively
unaware of
external stimulation

39.
WHY DO WE SLEEP?
 Evolutionary Theory: Protective function,
keeps people tucking away at night, safe
from predators.
 Recuperative Theory: Conserves energy,
restores body tissues depleted during daily
activity

40.
HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED?
 Infants
– 20 hours
 50% REM
 Children/Adolescents
– 10 hours
 25-30% REM
– Bed Later, Up Later
 Adults
– 8 hours
 20% or less REM
 Elderly
– 6 hours
– Bed Earlier, Up Earlier

41.
WHAT IF I MISS SLEEP?
 Effects On Body
– Immune system
weakens
– Metabolic
malfunction
– Varied body temp
 Effects On Brain
– Moodiness
– Decreased cognitive
performance
Learn slower,
remember less,
loss concentration
& creativity
– Blurred vision
– Disorganized speech
– Hallucinations

42.
AM I SLEEP DEPRIVED? YES/NO
 I need an alarm clock to wake up early.
 It’s a struggle to get out of bed in the morning.
 I hit the snooze bar several times to get more
sleep.
 I feel tired, irritable and stressed out during the
week.
 I have trouble concentrating and remembering.
 I feel slow with critical thinking, problem solving
and being creative.

43.
AM I SLEEP DEPRIVED? YES/NO
 I often fall asleep in boring classes or warm
rooms.
 I often fall asleep within 5 minutes of getting into
bed.
 I often feel drowsy while driving.
 I often sleep extra hours on weekend mornings.
 I often need a nap when I get home from work.

44.
AM I SLEEP DEPRIVED? YES/NO
 An answer of “yes” to three or more of
the previous questions indicates sleep
deprivation.
 You can easily improve your mood,
performance and health by getting
more sleep!

45.
STAGES OF SLEEP

46.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE SLEEP?
 Sleep occurs in a recurring cycle of 90 to
110 minutes and is divided into two
categories: Non-REM (which is further split
into four stages) and REM sleep.
 There are four stages in the non-REM
sleep.
 REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement.

47.
Brain Waves
 Beta
 Alpha
 Theta
 Delta

48.
STAGES OF SLEEP: PRE-SLEEP STAGE
Awake and Alert
Beta waves
Functions: calm, alert, active, ready to
learn
May take about 15 minutes to go thru
this stage
Adjust pillows, comforters, start to relax

49.
STAGES OF SLEEP: PRE-SLEEP STAGE
Awake – but Drowsy
Alpha waves
Functions: relaxed, harder to concentrate,
want to go to sleep
Hypnogogic Hallucinations
Vivid images, bizarre
Jerky movements
Sensation of “falling”
 “Bed gravity,” floating,

50.
STAGE 1 SLEEP: ALPHA TO THETA WAVES
Non-REM
Breathing slows down
Disengage from sensation
Vivid mental imagery– Everyday activities,
not “bizarre” dreams

51.
STAGE 2: THETA – K COMPLEXES - DELTA
Non-REM
Brief periods of brain activity
Small muscle twitches
Breathing rhythmical

52.
STAGE 3: THETA - DELTA - THETA
Non-REM
Slow wave sleep
Probably a transition stage

53.
STAGE 4: DELTA WAVES – 100%
Non-REM
Oblivious to outside world
Sleep-walking, sleep-talking occur here
Very difficult to wake up- but can have
activities
Answer the phone, talk, etc…
Then…you ascend back up through
these stages and enter your 1st dream

54.
REM (RAPID EYE MOVEMENT)
 Body functions during REM
 Brain neurons fire more
 Increased blood pressure
 Increased respiration
 Increased heart-rate
 Body is paralyzed…
 Nightmares occur now = frightening,
unpleasant dreams
 No sleep walking during REM

55.
DREAMS
 An individual will have approximately 4-
5 dreams/night
1.5-3.0 hours of sleep time spent
dreaming
They increase in length as the night
progresses

56.
ANY QUESTION

57.
THANK YOU