PPT SOBRE LA CRISIS DEL ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN EN INGLÉS PARA LA DIDÁCTICA EN HISTORIA DE 4º ESO.

1. I.E.S ALHADRA (ALMERÍA). ALBERTO ARANDA SHAW

2. WHAT IS ANCIEN RÉGIME?
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY AGRARIAN ECONOMY ESTAMENTAL
• FIRST USED BY THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARIES
• AFTERWARDS IT WILL BE USED IN ALL COUNTRIES THAT HAD SUCH SYSTEM
RUSSIAN EMPIREUNITED KINGDOM
AUSTRIAN-HUNGARY
EMPIRE
FRANCE
SPAIN

4. • MONARCHY OF DIVINE ORIGIN: “The king only can be judged by God”
CONCENTRATION OF POWERS
EXECUTIVE
ENFORCES LAWS
LEGISLATIVO
PASSES LAWS
JUDICIAL
JUDGING THE LAWS
• HE RULED WITH: MINISTERS, COURTS, ARMY, BUROCRACY AND DIPLOMACY
CHOSEN AMONG THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FAMILIES
• HE WAS ALSO ARMY HEAD, RAISED TAXES AND NAMING CHARGES

6.  LAND OWNERSHIP (NOBILITY AND CLERGY)
 FEUDAL RIGHTS (“MAYORAZGO Y AMORTIZADO”)
 LOW PRODUCTION (BAD TECHNIFICATION, “SECANO,BARBECHO, PLAGAS Y
SUJETA A METEOROLOGÍA”.
 STATIONARY POPULATION (SUBSITENCE CRISIS, HUNGER AND MISERY)
 TRADITIONAL INDUSTRY AND HANDMADE (CRAFTS, GREMIOS, LOCALS)
 FAILURE OF TRANSPORTS AND INFRAESTRUCTURES
THREE-YEAR CROP ROTATION SYSTEM

7. TRIANGULAR TRADE
ESLAVES
SOURCE
MATERIALS
GOODS

8. ESTATE: SOCIAL GROUP THAT IT
BELONGS BY BIRTH

9. ANCIEN RÉGIME SOCIETY
ESTAMENT
AL
SOCIETY
UNPRIVILEG
ED
MAJORITY
PRIVILEGED
MINORITY
NOBILITY OUTCASTPEASANTSCRAFTSMANBOURGEOISECLERGY

10. • HIGH BIRTHRATE AND HIGH MORTALITY
• WHY?
• IF THE POPULATION INCREASES IT INCREASES THE PRODUCTION

11.  PRIVILEGED SOCIAL GROUP: BIRTH, ROYAL CONCESSION.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL POWER
• LARGE CROPS
• DONT PAY TAXES
• GOT INCOMES
• POLITICAL CHARGES
• LEGAL SUPERIORITY
DIVISION OF NOBILITY
HIGHER NOBILITY LOWER NOBILITY
MARQUIS,DUKE,EARL
“OF THE PROVINCES”
HIDALGOS,INFANZONES,ETC

12. DIVISION OF CLERGY
HIGHER CLERGY LOWER CLERGY
Pope, Archbishops
Bishops, abbots
Priest, monks,
Charchman and parsons.
DIVISIÓN OF CLERGY
SECULAR CLERGY REGULAR CLERG
 GRUPO SOCIAL PRIVILEGIADO: NO BIRTH, WIREPULLING, SECOND CHILD.
GREAT POWER
POLITICAL
ECONOMICAL
SOCIAL
AFFAIRS OF STATE
IDEOLOGICAL, MORAL AND EDUCATIVE CON
LANDOWNERS, ALMS, DONATIONS
He lives
“in the century”
He lives
“in the rule”

13. HIGHER CLERGY
LOWER CLERGY

14.  UNPRIVILEGED SOCIAL GROUP: THEY PAY TAXES. WITHOUT POLITICAL INFLU
 THEY GET MARRIED WITH NOBILITY.
 THEY WILL CAUSE THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE 19th CENTURY: STRUGGLE FO

15.  UNPRIVILEGED SOCIAL GROUP: THEY LIVED IN THE CITIES.
 GUILD ORGANIZATION.
 IN THE 19th CENTURY THEY WILL BECOME INDUSTRIAL WORKERS .

16.  UNPRIVILEGED GROUP: THEY LIVED IN THE COUNTRYSIDE IN POOR CONDIT
 LINKS OF DEPENDENCE AND MANY CHARGE
 IN THE 19th SOME OF THEM WILL BECOME INDUSTRIAL WORKERS.

17.  UNPRIVILEGED AND DESERTED SOCIAL GROUP: THEY LIVED IN THE CITIES
 THEY SURVIVED WITH THE CHARITY AND CRIME

18. DIVINE POWER PEOPLE POWER
SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL EQUALITY
SEPERSTITIONS USE THE REASON
THEY THOUGH IN PROGRESS THROUGH SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE.
WITH THE IMPROVEMENT, THE SOCIETY WILL ACHIEVE HAPPINESS
INTELECTUALL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND SCIENCETIPHICAL MOVEMENT THAT DEVELOPED
DURING THE 18th CENTURY. IT CRITICISED THE ANCIEN REGIMEN, AND ITS SYSTEM OF P
AND BELIEFS.

19. MONTESQUIEU
“THE SPIRIT OF LAWS”
ROUSSEAU
“THE SOCIAL CONTRACT
VOLTAIRE
DIVISION OF THE POWERS POPULAR SOVEREIGNT
FREEDOM OF THOUGHT

21. QUESNAY
MERCANTILISM
-- TO MID 18th CENTURY
-- THE WEALTHY IS BASED ON THE ACCUMULATION
OF GOLD
AND SILVER
-- STATE INTERVENTION
PHYSIOCRACY
-- FROM 19th CENTURY
-- AGRICULTURE AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF
WEALTH
-- NO STATE INTERVENTION
CAPITALISM
-- FROM 19th CENTURY
-- THE WEALTHY IS BASED ON THE MONEY
-- NO STATE INTERVENTION
ADAM SMITH

24. SUPPLY AND DEMAND LAW
(PRODUCTION)
SUPPLY AND DEMAND LAW
(WAGE)

25. HOW DOES THIS NEW MOVEMENT GET TO THE P
AND CHANGE THEIR MIND?
ENCYCLOPEDIA RSEDAP
BULL SESIONS
SOCIAL CIRCLES

26. EXECUTIVE
POWER
LEGISLATIVE
POWER
KING
GOVERNMENT
Enforces the law
PARLIAMENT
CHAMBER CHAMBER
OF LORDS OF
COMMONS
(nobles and bishop) (513
represent…)
Passes laws and taxes
VOTERS
Around 200.000 bourgeoises
NON-VOTERS: The rest of the people

28. THE ENGLISH
REVOLUTION

30. SINCE MEDIEVAL TIMES IN ENGLAND, THE POWER OF THE MONARCH HAD BEEN LIMITED
BY THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT. IT HAD TWO HOUSES OF REPRESENTATIVES. ONE OF
THEM WAS MADE UP OF THE NOBILITY AND THE CLERGY, AND WAS CALLED THE HOUSE
OF LORDS. THE OTHER WAS MADE UP OF THE BOUGEOISIE AND WAS CALLED THE
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
WHENEVER THE MONARCHY WISHED TO APPROVE NEW TAXES OR DECLARE THE WAR
AGAINST ANOTHER COUNTRY, BOTH HOUSES HAD TO MEET AND BE CONSULTED.
HOWEVER IN 1642, KING CHARLES I TRIED TO RULE WITHOUT PARLIAMENT. RESISTANCE
BY THOSE WHO OPPOSED THE INTENTIONS OF THE KING LED THE COUNTRY INTO CIVIL
WAR. ON THE ONE SIDE THERE WERE THE SUPPORTERS OF PARLIAMENT AND ON THE
OTHER, THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.
IN 1649, KING CHARLES I WAS EXECUTED AND A REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED.
HOWEVER, THE LEADER OF THE REPUBLIC, OLIVER CROMWELL, BECAME A DICTATOR.
WHEN HE DIED IN 1660, THE MONARCHY WAS RESTORED AND CHARLES II WAS
CROWNED.
CHARLES II HAD TO ACCEPT THE POWER OF THE PARLIAMENT.
IN 1679 THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT WAS PASSED. THIS MEANT THAT EVERYONE WAS
ENTITLED TO A FAIR TRIAL. IN 1685 CHARLES II DIED AND JAMES II BECAME KING, JAMES
WAS A CATHOLIC AND APPOINTED SEVERAL CATHOLICS TO HIGH OFFICE. WHEN
PARLIAMENT PROTESTED, JAMES II DISSOLVED IT.
PARLIAMENT INVITED WILLIAM OF ORANGE TO OVERTHROW JAMES. WHEN WILLIAM LED
HIS

31. ENLIGHTNED DESPOTISM IS A FORM OF GOVERNMENT THAT SOME
EUROPEAN MONARCHY HAD IN THE 18th CENTURY. THEY CONTINUED THEIR
ABSOLUTE RULA BUT INTRODUCE SOME OF THE ENLIGHTMENT`S PROPOSAL
TO IMPROVE THE SOCIETY AND THE COUNTRY IN GENERAL
“ALL FOR THE PEOPLE, BUT WITHOUT THE PEOPLE”

34. SEVEN YEARS WAR
FRANCE VS UK
MORE POLITICAL AND
ECONOMICAL
DEPENDENCY
HIGUER TAX PAYMENT
IN 1607 THE PURITANS OBTEINED A LICENSE FROM DE ENGLISH CROWN FOR IN
TO AMERICA. THEY LANDED IN VIRGINIA, CALLED “NEW ENGLAND”
BORDER IN 1776

35. NEW TAXES
TOWNSHEND ACTSSTAMP ACTSUGAR ACT
FIRST REACTIONS OF THE
SETTLERS
THEY PROTESTED AND ORGANIZED
REVOLTS AND RIOTS
AS A RESULT, THE GOVERNMENT
REMOVED/TOOK OUT ALL TAXES,
EXCEPT THE TEA.

36. SETTLERS OF INDIANS IN
DISGUISE
THREW TO THE SEA ALL THE
TEA THAT MUST GO TO
ENGLAND.
THEY SHOWED HIS REFUSAL
T
THE REVOLUTION, WAR AND
INDEPENDENCE
OF THE USA BEGAN WITH BOSTON
TEA PARTY.

37. LEXINGTON AND CONCORD SARATOGA- INTERVENTION OF FRANC
YORKTOWN- GEORGE WASHINGTON TREATY OF PARIS(1783). END OF WAR

38. GEORGE WASHINGTON THOMAS JEFFERSON

39. POLITICAL SYSTEM
FEDERAL REPUBLIC : UNITED FEDERATION
PRESIDENT OF STATE: DEPART. OF DEFENSE, ECONOMY AND Y FOREIGN AF
DECENTRALISED: THE OTHERS STATES WILL HAVE LARGE SELF-GOVERNME
LEGISLATIVE
POWER
JUDICIAL
POWER
EXECUTIVE
POWER
VOTERS: RICH WHITE OWNERS
NO VOTERS: LITTLE WHITE OWNERS, WOMENMUJERES, NO OWNERS, NIGGERS AND INDIA
CONGRESS AND
SENATE
Voting laws and pass taxes
c
c
THE PRESIDENT
LARGE
VOTERS
c
c
c
SUPREME COURT
FEDERAL
COURTS
c
c
c

40. • 1700: CARLOS II “EL HECHIZADO” MUERE. FIN DE LOS AUS
• DOS CANDIDATOS: FELIPE DE ANJOU Y CARLOS DE HABSB
• CONFLICTO INTERNACIONAL Y GUERRA CIVIL
• DURACIÓN DE LA GUERRA: 1701- 1715.
• TRATADOS DE PAZ: UTRETCH Y RASTADT

41.  CARLOS II MUERE EN 1700: NOMBRA A FELIPE DE ANJOU COMO SUCESOR EN E
 FELIPE DE ANJOU: FRANCÉS, DINASTÍA BORBÓN, CENTRALIST, NIETO DE LUIS X
FRANCIA Y SOBRINO-NIETO DE CARLOS II DE ESPAÑAOF LUIS XIV OF
 CARLOS DE HABSBURGO: AUSTRÍACO, DINASTIA HABSBURGO, FEDERALISTA, N
JOSÉ I DE AUSTRIA Y BISNIETO DE FELIPE IV.
CARLOS II CARLOS DE HABSBURGOFELIPE DE ANJOU

42.  FELIPE DE ANJOU: APOYADO POR FRANCIA
 CARLOS DE HABSBURGO: APOYADO POR
AUSTRIA, INGLATERRA, SABOYA, PAÍSES BAJOS,
PORTUGAL Y PRUSIA.
 MOTIVOS: NO CREAR UN IMPERIO
HEGEMÓNICO FRANCIA-ESPAÑA
 CASTILLA APOYARÁ A FELIPE DE ANJOU
 ARAGÓN APOYARÁ A CARLOS DE HABS.
 MOTIVOS: CENTRALISMO VS FEDERALISMO

43.  SE DESARROLLA EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Y EUROPA, SOBRE TODO FRANCIA
 SUPERIORIDAD DEMOGRÁFICA Y NAVAL DE “LA GRAN ALIANZA”
 VICTORIAS INICIALES ALIADAS EN ESPAÑA Y EUROPA.
INGLATERRA TOMA MENORCA Y GIBRALTAR.
 VICTORIAS IMPORTANTES DE FELIPE V:
ALMANSA, BRIHUEGA Y VILLAVICIOSA.

44.  1711: MUERE EL EMPERADOR JOSE I DE AUSTRIA: SUCESOR A CARLOS DE HA
 SE ROMPE “LA GRAN ALIANZA”. MIEDO DE INGLATERRA DE LA UNIÓN ESPAÑA-A
 EN ESPAÑA: CATALUÑA Y MALLORCA NO SE RINDEN.
 CATALUÑA CAYÓ EN 1714 Y MALLORCA EN 1715.
 TRATADOS DE PAZ: UTRETCH Y RASTADT.

45.  DOS OBJETIVOS:FINALIZAR LA GUERRA Y QUITARLE INFLUENCIA INTERNACION
 FELIPE V: RENUNCIABA A LA CORONA FRANCESA. SÓLO ESPAÑA.
 AUSTRIA: OBTIENE FLANDES, MILANESADO, NÁPOLES Y CERDEÑA.
 INGLATERRA: OBTIENE MENORCA, GIBRALTAR Y VENTAJAS COMERCIALES EN A

46. CENTRALISMO BORBÓNICO Y MONARQUÍA ABSOLUTA
DECRETOS DE NUEVA PLANTA
REFORMAS ADMINISTRATIVAS, TERRITORIALES, ECONÓ
JUDICIALES,ETC.
LUIS I: MUERE AL AÑO.
POLÍTICA EXTERIOR: PACTOS DE FAMILIA,
REORGANIZACIÓN DEL EJÉRCITO Y NEUTRALIDAD.

47. UNIFICACIÓN Y CENTRALIZACIÓN- LOS DECRETOS DE NUEVA PLA
 CASTIGO Y EXCUSA PARA UNIFICAR A LA CORONA DE ARAGÓN POR NO APO
 VALENCIA Y ARAGÓN (1707), CATALUÑA (1715) Y BALEARES (1716).
 SE SUPRIMIERON SUS FUEROS, CORTES, DIPUTACIONES, CONCEJOS MUNI
JUSTICIA MAYOR Y SISTEMA FISCAL.
 ADOPTARON LAS LEYES Y ASIMILARON
LAS INSTITUCIONES CASTELLANAS.
 PAÍS VASCO Y NAVARRA CONSERVARON
SUS FUEROS POR APOYARLE EN LA GUERRA

49. REFORMAS GUBERNAMENTALES
 SUPRESIÓN DE LAS CORTES. SÓLO LA DE CASTILLA SIN APENAS PODER.
 SUPRESIÓN DE LOS CONSEJOS TERRITORIALES. SÓLO CASTILLA CON PO
 CREACIÓN DE LAS SECRETARÍAS DE ESTADO: ESTADO, GUERRA Y MARIN
ASUNTOS EXTRANJEROS Y JUSTICIA. UN SECRETARIO AL FRENTE DE CADA
 UTILIZACIÓN DEL CASTELLANO. PROHIBICIÓN DE LAS DEMÁS LENGUAS.
REFORMAS JUDICIALES
 SE ESTABLECIÓ UN DERECHO COMÚN PARA TODO EL REINO.
 SE MANTIENEN LAS REALES AUDIENCIAS

50. REFORMAS TERRITORIALES
 ELIMINACIÓN DE LOS ANTIGUOS VIRREINATOS. SUSTITUCIÓN POR PROVI
 AL FRENTE DE LAS PROVINCIAS: EL CAPITÁN GENERAL CON AMPLIOS PO
 AL FRENTE DE LAS PRINCIPALES CIUDADES: EL CORREGIDOR.
 CREACIÓN DEL INTENDENTE: RECAUDAR IMPUESTOS Y DINAMIZAR LA EC

51. OTRAS REFORMAS
 MILITAR: EJÉRCITO PERMANENTE– EXTRANJEROS, LEVAS Y QUINTAS.
CREACIÓN DE LA GUARDIA REAL.
 HACIENDA: SISTEMA DE IMPUESTO ÚNICO, LIBERALIZACIÓN DEL COMERCIO
REALES FÁBRICAS Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS.
 IGLESIA: REGALISMO, CONCORDATO CON LA SANTA SEDE Y PATRONATO
EXPULSIÓN DE LOS JESUITAS EN 1766

52. PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS DE LA ILUSTRACIÓN ESPAÑOLA:
-- ESCASA BURGUESÍA -- UNIVERSIDAD CONSERVADORA -- IGLESIA
--NOBLEZA
ILUSTRADOS ESPAÑOLES
-- JOVELLANOS
-- CAMPOMANES
-- FLORIDABLANCA
--ARANDA
--FEIJOO
PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS EN ESPAÑA
-- EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSAL, REESTRUCTURACIÓN, CREACIÓN DE ESCUELA
--AGRICULTURA FISIOCRACIA Y LIBERALISMO ECONÓMICO.

53. DEFINICIÓN: INTENTO POR PARTE DE LAS MONARQUÍAS DEL SIGLO XVIII DE C
ELEMENTOS DEL ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN CON OTROS DE LA ILUSTRACIÓN.
“TODO PARA EL PUEBLO, PERO SIN EL PUEBLO”
 PRINCIPAL REPRESENTANTE ESPAÑOL DEL DESPOTISMO
 REY DE NÁPOLES: PRIMER CONTACTO CON LAS IDEAS ILUSTRADAS.
-- MINISTROS ITALIANOS
-- AUMENTO DEL PRECIO DEL PAN
-- CAMBIOS ESTÉTICOS EN LA VESTIMENTA
SOLUCIÓN: -- DESTITUCIÓN DE ESQUILACHE
-- BAJADA DE PRECIOS DEL PAN

54. -- REGALISMO: AUTORIDAD DEL REY POR ENCIMA DE LA IG
-- CONTROL DE LA INQUISICIÓN
-- NOMBRAR ECLESIÁSTICOS Y FUNDAR MONASTERIOS
-- EXPULSIÓN DE LOS JESUITAS EN 1766.
-- SE MANTUVIERON LOS PRIVILEGIOS DE LA
NOBLEZA.
-- DECLARACIÓN HONROSA DE TODOS LOS
TRABAJOS.
-- OBLIGATORIEDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN
PRIMARIA.
-- CREACIÓN DE ESCUELAS DE ARTES Y OFICIOS
-- ACADEMIAS DE ARTES, LETRAS, CIENCIAS,ETC.

55. -- LIMITAR LOS PRIVILEGIOS DE LA MESTA
-- REPOBLACIÓN DE SIERRA MORENA
-- REPARTO DE TIERRAS COMUNALES
-- OBRAS DE REGADÍO (CANALES Y PUERTOS)
-- RECAUDACIÓN DE RENTAS
-- LIBRE CIRCULACIÓN DE MERCANCIAS
-- LIBERTAD COMERCIO COLONIAL (FIN DEL MONOPOLIO DE
-- MEJORA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES (RED RADIAL DE CARR
-- SUPRESIÓN DE ADUANAS.
-- FIN DEL MONOPOLIO GREMIAL (SURGEN TALLERES PRIVA
-- FÁBRICAS REALES Y TEXTILES
-- CREACIÓN DEL BANCO DE SAN CARLOS