1. Outline:
I. Weather and weather differences affect where and how
humans live.
II. The hot core of the earth has had many effects on the earth.
III. The world is divided into three inhabitable landmasses.
IV. The vast amounts of water in lakes, rivers, and oceans, has
influenced human development.
V. Topography has affected human development.
VI. The distribution of natural resources has affected human
development, especially in civilizations.
VII. The varied availability of food–in both animal and plant form–
has enabled human survival.
VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power, ideas, diseases,
products, and human behaviors.
IX. Human cultures reflect the influence of the geographical
settings in which they function.
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2. Note:
There are 3 alternate title slides.
The first is simple.
The second is a little goofy (changing when you click Enter).
The third is like the second, but with a conventional double T
in the word ‘setting’.
Please delete two of the three, keeping only your preference,
then delete this slide.
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3. he g/eog/raphi/cal s/etti/ng
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Ronald Wiltse May 2009
T a
y
t

4. he g/eog/raphi/cal s/etti/ng
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T a
y
t
Draft by Ronald Wiltse August 2008

5. The g/eog/raphi/cal s/etti/ng
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T a
y
Draft by Ronald Wiltse August 2008

6. I. Weather and weather differences affect where
and how humans can live.
A. The rotation of the earth, different amounts of solar
heat absorption at different latitudes, and different rates
of heat absorption of land and water cause weather.
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7. I. Weather and weather differences affect where
and how humans can live.
B. The tilt of the earth causes seasons.
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8. I. Weather and weather differences affect where
and how humans can live.
C. All things being equal, similar latitudes have similar
weather.
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9. I. Weather and weather differences affect where
and how humans can live.
D. The earth has periodically grown warmer and colder, with
the polar regions being covered with ice and then uncovered.
1. The world’s oceans have risen and fallen with the
change in the size of the polar ice caps.
2. Because most of the world’s land lies in the
northern half of the world, the growth and decline
of the southern polar ice cap have had little effect on
human history, except on ocean levels.
3. We are in a period that is between a warm and a
cold age.
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10. Ocean level then
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Note Florida
and the
Yucatan
Great Britain
and Ireland
are part of
Europe

11. Ocean level now
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12. Ocean level-global warming
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Denmark is
now under
water.Florida is
now under
water.

13. I. Weather and weather differences affect where
and how humans can live.
E. The last time a big climate change
occurred, an ice age resulted,
not a warm age.
1. The average temperature of
the earth was 9 ̊ colder than
today.
2. Temperate climate belts
moved southward, with
tropical climates disappearing
altogether.
3. Humans, by and large,
followed the climate belts
southward.
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14. Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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Lake Bonneville
North America
Lake
Bonneville
dried up,
leaving
behind the
Bonneville
Salt Flats.

15. Surviving the ice age
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16. II. The hot core of the earth has had many effects
on the earth.
A. It led to the creation of much of earth’s topography.
1. Plate movement created mountain ranges.
2. Molten magma erupting through the crust created
single mountains.
B. It features a magnetic field that makes compasses
possible.
C. It protects our atmosphere by diverting solar radiation
that would otherwise strip the earth of its atmosphere.
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17. Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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18. III. The world is divided into three habitable
landmasses.
A. Afro-Eurasia is the largest, and apparently where
humans originated.
B. America is the middle-sized continent.
C. Australia is the smallest.
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19. Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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20. IV. The vast amounts of water in lakes, rivers, and
oceans, have influenced human development.
A. Lakes, rivers, and oceans created first barriers to travel,
then paths.
1. Until the development of paved roads, water travel
was always easier than land travel.
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Woven boat on
lake Titicaca
in the Andes

21. IV. The vast amounts of water in lakes, rivers, and
oceans, has influenced human development.
B. Bodies of water have provided drinking water and food.
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22. V. Topography has affected human development.
A. Mountains acted as barriers to trade, travel, and, often,
cultures.
1. Mountain ranges provided natural boundaries
between groups of people.
B. Valleys have provided natural routes for water.
1. Being flat, valleys provide good farmland and roads.
2. Where necessary, rivers can provide irrigation,
either directly, or with canals fed by the river.
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23. VI. The distribution of natural resources has affected
human development, especially in civilizations.
A. Different cultures have used or ignored various
resources.
B. Countries with many resources–and who have used
them–have had advantages over countries with fewer
resources.
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24. VII. The varied availability of food–in both animal
and plant form–has enabled human survival.
A. Coastal cultures have often looked to the sea for food.
B. Some cultures have limited their food to a narrow range
of options while others have eaten just about anything
available.
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25. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
A. Empire builders have built roads to enable their soldiers
to travel easily to all parts of their empires.
Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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Carthaginian general
Hannibal crossing
the Alps to attack
the Romans

26. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
B. Interaction between two areas over a long period of time
has enabled each group to become accustomed to the
other’s diseases, transforming severe diseases into
less dangerous childhood ones.
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27. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
C. The Colombian Exchange is only the best-known of
many diffusions.
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28. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
D. Dwellers in the Afro-Eurasian landmass came to use the
horse to aid transportation.
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29. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
E. Wherever lakes and oceans bordered human
settlements, boats have aided travel.
1. Boats with sails and rowers can move in any
direction, no matter what the wind is doing (but rowing
take more work).
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Wind must be
mostly behind
a ship with
this kind of sail.

30. Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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31. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
E. Wherever lakes and oceans bordered human
settlements, boats have aided travel.
2. From the 15th century on sailing ships could move
in almost any direction, no matter where
the wind is blowing.
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old sail system
new sail system

32. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
E. Wherever lakes and oceans bordered human
settlements, boats have aided travel.
2. From the 15th century on sailing ships could move
in almost any direction, no matter where
the wind is blowing.
Theg/eog/raphi/cal
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old sail system
new sail system

33. VIII. Travel has led to the diffusion of power,
ideas, diseases, products, and human behaviors.
F. Modern wealth and technology has made travel fast,
comfortable, and available to all but the poorest.
1. Public transportation and the automobile have
enabled even local movement far beyond what was
traditionally possible.
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34. IX. Human cultures reflect the influence of the
geographical settings in which they function.
A. Unlike other animals, humans can live anywhere on the
planet, given enough wealth and technology.
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35. IX. Human cultures reflect the influence of the
geographical settings in which they function.
B. Ways of life reflect the environment, although wealth
and advanced technology can overcome this.
1. Food and clothing reflect the environment.
2. Shelter and occupations reflect the environment.
a. American housing since World War II
often ignores the environment, using
heating and air conditioning to do so.
3. Even language and ideas reflect the environment.
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