OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

THE GALAXY,[object Object],A GALAXY is a massive, gravitationally bound system that consists of stars,[object Object],And stellar remnants .you ,[object Object],that there are 1000 ‘s of ,[object Object],Stars in a galaxy.,[object Object],During the early 1900’s, ,[object Object],Which is not very long ago,,[object Object],Astronomers were unaware that there were other galaxies outside our own Milky Way Galaxy. When they saw a small fussy patch in the sky through their telescopes ,they called it as ,[object Object]

Nebula .When examined,[object Object],Closely , some o f the ,[object Object],Nebulae had a spiral ,[object Object],Shape . So , astronomers,[object Object],At first called these ,[object Object],As "spiral nebulae”. ,[object Object],These nebulae were all,[object Object],Believed to be part of ,[object Object],Our galaxy, our comm-,[object Object],unity of stars. the milky-,[object Object],Way galaxy is also known ,[object Object],As AKASH GANGA,[object Object]

Edwin Hubble studied the ,[object Object],Spiral nebulae and found that ,[object Object],They were composed of stars.,[object Object],These nebulae were not,[object Object],Nebulae at all , but other ,[object Object],Communities of billions of ,[object Object],Stars held together by gravity ,[object Object],Galaxies !suddenly our universe was much bigger.,[object Object],We realized that our galaxy was jut one of many,[object Object],Billions of galaxies in the universe .,[object Object]

comets,[object Object],A comet is a small solar system body bigger than a ,[object Object],Meteoroid,[object Object],You know that some of the comets,[object Object],Strikes for a short period . ,[object Object],Do you know what JFC means ? ,[object Object],It means Jupiter Family Comets. Do ,[object Object],You know that in early times people ,[object Object],Believe that seeing a comet is a,[object Object],Misfortune for the manoman who,[object Object],Is seeing it.,[object Object]

if you are seeing a comet , then you should notice that it has a tail or a coma.,[object Object],This was a comet ,[object Object],Which broke up ,[object Object],Starting in 1995, ,[object Object],As seen by the ,[object Object],HST .this was ,[object Object],An animation,[object Object],Done in three ,[object Object],Days.,[object Object]

BLACK HOLE,[object Object],BLACK HOLE,[object Object],[object Object]

Around a black hole there is an undetectable surface which marks the point of no return called an event horizon.

It is called black because it absorbs all the light that hits, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics under the theory of quantum mechanicsBlack holes posses a temperature and hawking radiation. The ratio between the black hole Schwarzschild radius and observer distance to it is 1:9. ,[object Object]

Black hole,[object Object],Astromers have identified numerous steller back hole candidates, and have also found evidence of super massive black hole at the center of galaxies. After observing the motion of nearby stars for 16 years, in 2008 astronomers found compelling evidence that a super massive black hole of more than 4 million solar masses is located near the Sagittarius region in the center of our own MILKY WAY galaxy.,[object Object]

Solar system,[object Object],The solar system consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by gravity, all of which formed from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years ago. The four smaller inner planets, are MERCUY, VENUS, EARTH ,and MARS also called tresses trial plants, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer plants are, JUPITER, SETURN, URANUS, and NEPUTUNE also called the gas giants ,are composed largely of hydrogen and helium and far more massive then the terrestrials . The asteroid belt, which lies between mars and Jupiter , is similar to the terrestrial plants as it is compared mainly of rock and metal.,[object Object]

mercury,[object Object],Mercury is the inner most and smallest planet of the solar system , orbiting the sun once every 87.669 days. the of mercury has the highest eccentricity of all the solar system planets ,and it has the smallest axial tilt. It completes 3 rotations about the axis for every two orbits. the perihelion of mercury ‘s orbit processes around the sun at an excess of 43 arc seconds per century; phenomenon that was explained in the 20th century by Albert Einstein ‘s general theory of relativity. Mercury is bright when viewed from Earth ,ranging from 2.3 to5.7 in apparent magnitude. but it is not easily seen as it greatest angular separation from the seen is only 28.3.since mercury is normally lost inn the glare of the seen, unless there is solar eclipse, mercury can only be viewed in morning or evening twilight. Mercury is similar in appeared to the moon: it is heavily created with regions of smooth plains, has no natural satellites and no substantial atmosphere.,[object Object]

GEOLOGY OF MERCURY,[object Object],Mercury’s face surface is overall very similar in appearance to the moon, showing extensive mare-like-plains and heavy cresting, indicating that it has been geologically inactive for billions years. since our knowledge of mercury's geology has been based on the 1975 mariner fly by and terrestrial observations, is it the least under stood of the terrestrial planets.,[object Object]

Venus,[object Object],Venus is the second-closet planet to the sun, orbiting it every 224.7earth days. The planet is named after Venus the roman goddess of love and beauty. After the moon, it is the bright natural object in the night sky reaching an apparent magnitude 4-8 because venues is an inferior planet from earth ,it near appears to venture far from the sun: its elongation reaches its maximum brightness shortly before sunrise or shortly after sunset, for which reason is often called the morning star or the evening star. Venus has the densest atmosphere of all the terrestrial planets, consisting mostly of carbon dioxide as it has no carbon cycle to lock carbon back into rocks and surface features, nor organic life to absorb it in biomass.,[object Object]

EARTH,[object Object],Earth is the third planet from the sun, and the fifth –largest of the eight planet in the solar system. It is also the largest most massive, and densest of the solar system’s four terrestrial planets. It is some times referred to as the world, the blue planet or Terra. earth’s only known natural orbiting it about4.53 billion years ago.,[object Object]

UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF EARTH,[object Object],Above the troposphere is usually divided into stratosphere,mesophere and thermosphere. Each of these layers has different lapse rate ,defining the rate of change in temperature with height. Beyond these the exosphere thins out into the magnetosphere. This is where the earth’s magnet fields interact with the solar wind. An important part of the atmosphere for life on earth is the ozone layer,; a component of the surface form ultraviolet light. The Karman life defend as 100 km above the earth’s surface, is a working definition for the boundary between atmosphere and space.,[object Object]

EARTH’S ROTATION,[object Object],Earth’s rotation period relative to the sun-its mean solar day is -86, 400 seconds of mean solar time. each of these seconds is slightly longer than SI second because earth’s solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal acceleration.,[object Object]

mars,[object Object],Mares is the fourth planet from the sun in the solar system. The planet is named after mares , the roman god of war. It is also referred to as the “red planet” because of its reddish appearance ,due to iron oxide prevalent on its surface. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact creatures of moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of earth . Unlike earth, mares is now a geologically in active planet with no know tectonic activity, it is the site of Olympus moons, the highest known mountain in the solar system, and of vales marinara's, the largest canyon.,[object Object]

PHYSISCAL CHARACTTERSTICS OF MARS,[object Object],Mars has approximately half the radius of earth. It is less dense than earth, havingabout15% of earth’s volume and 11% of the mars. Its surface area is only slightly less than total area of earth’s dry land. While mars is larger and more massive higher density. This results in a slightly stronger gravitation force at mercury’s surface. Mars is also rough intermediate in size, mars and surface gravity between earth and earth’s moon. The red orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron [111] oxide, more commonly known as hematite, or rust.,[object Object]

Jupiter,[object Object],Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and the largest planet with in the solar system. It is a gas giant with a mass slightly less than but is two and a half times mass of the others planets in our solar system combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along with Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Together, there four planets are sometimes referred to as the Jovian planets. The Romans named the planet after the roman god Jupiter . When viewed from earth ,Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of -2.94, making it on average the third –brightest object in the night sky after moon and venues. Jupiter primarily composed of hydrogen with a quarter of its mass being helium, it may also have a rocky core of heavier elements. Because of its rapid rotation, Jupiter's shape is that of an oblate spheroid (it possesses a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator),[object Object]

Saturn,[object Object],Saturn is the 6th planet from the sun and the second largest planet in the solar system , after Jupiter . Saturn , along with Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune is classified as a gas giant . Together, there 4 planets are some times referred to as the Jovian, meaning “Jupiter-like” planets . Saturn is named after the roman god Saturn , equated to the Greek kronos (the titan of Zeus) the Babylonian ninurta and to the Hindu shani . Saturn’s symbol represents the god’s sickle. The planet Saturn is composed of hydrogen, with small proportions of helium and trace elements. The interior consists of a small core of rock and ice, surrounded by a thick layer of metallic hydrogen and gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a prominent system of rings. Consisting mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust.,[object Object]

Uranus,[object Object],Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun , and the third planet from largest and forth most massive planet in the solar system . It is named after the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus the father of Saturn and grand father of Jupiter . Uranus was the first planet discovered with a telescope. Uranus atmosphere while similar to Jupiter ’s and Saturn's in being composed primarily of hydrogen and helium contains a higher proportion of “ices” such as water ammonia and methane, along with taxes of hydrocarbons.,[object Object]

Orbit and rotation of Uranus ,[object Object],Uranus revolves around the sun once every 84 earth year’s .Its average distance from sun is roughly 3 million Km . The intensity of sunlight on Uranus is about 1/400 that on earth.,[object Object]

OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

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