1. Chapter 5

2.  Like so many believe, the war was not between the
French and the Indians. It was between the French
with their allies and the British with their allies.
 This was the war that changed the future of North
America.
 The war began with disputes over land.
 France and England wanted the same land.
 French Explorers Marquette, Joliet, La Salle, etc., had been
the first Europeans in the Great Lakes region, as well as
the land between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

3.  The French gained more support from the
Natives than the English.
 The French did not clear the land
 They married natives
 They adopted the natives ways.

4.  However, the English still gained Natives on
their side.
 Natives helped them because they liked the
fact that:
 English paid higher prices for the furs they
purchased
 They (English) supported the fight against Native
enemies.

5.  In the English Charters, the King had granted
land from coast to coast- even though no one
knew where the West Coast was.
 The land among the colonies was beginning to
disappear at a rapid rate due to so many
settlements.
 More English settlers pushed further west to
settle.

6.  The French and Indian War ripped through
America for 2 years before it became the fourth
Anglo-French War in 1756.
 It was also known as The Seven Years’ War in
Europe.
 Europe had problems close to 50 years before the
war.

7.  Both Britain and France wanted to control
North America, the Caribbean and Asia.

8.  England had the 13 colonies under their control, as well
as a treaty with the Iroquois Nation for land along the
Ohio River.
 The French had a Canadian Governor named
Marquis Duquesne.
 He ordered that forts
be built to protect
the bustling fur trade.
 England sent word to
Dinwiddie to begin
building forts as well.

9. Major GEORGE WASHINGTON's Journal to
the River OHIO, etc
Wednesday, October 31, 1753
Check out this link and read GW’s letter that was
printed in the Maryland Gazette
 http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/
milestones/journal/journaltext.html

10.  Governor Dinwiddie
of Virginia sent a
young George
Washington to Fort le
Boeuf in the Ohio
territory.
 He sent with him a
letter telling the
French they were
trespassing.

12.  The French, however, did not leave.
 On the way back, GW found a great place to
build a fort where the Allegheny and the
Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio
River.
 So, the English got to work building the fort.
The French took notice. They decided to take
over and finish the fort as their own.
 It was named Fort Duquesne after the governor
of New France.

13.  In the meantime, Washington was sent to the
Ohio Valley with troops to establish forces and
recruit natives to the English side.
 Washington’s men attacked a French scouting
party, led by the brother of a Commander at
Fort Duquesne.
 They retreated to build Fort Necessity.

14.  The French were able to take them easily (July 3, 1754).
 French larger in number.
 Fort close to woods.
 Gunpowder dampened.
 This was the first battle of the French and Indian War.

15.  Coincidentally, Washington gave up Ft.
Necessity at Great Meadows on July 4, 1754; 22
years to the day before the Declaration of
Independence was signed!

16.  1754- The French and Indian War had begun; however,
war was not officially
declared until 2 years later.

17.  It was written by Benjamin Franklin and John
Hutchinson
 It was the first effort that was
made to unite all of the colonies,
as well as unite with the natives.
 It was not adopted.

18.  The colonists did not want to give up their
rights.
 They were afraid they would lose the power
they had, as well as their land.
 A cartoon in Benjamin
Franklin’s newspaper about
the Albany Plan of Union.

19.  He was sent in to push the French out of the
Ohio territory after they would not leave on
their own.
 Washington served under
him.

20.  General Braddock was not used to the French
war style- guerrilla warfare.
 He thought that the European way was just as
good and he would stick with that.

21.  The English wore bright, red uniforms that
made them easily seen.
 Washington knew this; Braddock did not.
 Braddock marched his troops within 10 miles
of Ft. Duquesne.
 Little did he know that the enemies were
hiding in the woods camouflaged.

22.  Braddock marched his troops within 10 miles
of Ft. Duquesne.
 Little did he know that the enemies were
hiding in the woods camouflaged.

24.  The defeat on General Braddock’s troops
answered the question many had been asking
before the war even started.
 Who was stronger- England or France?

25.  The French and Indians were close to being
outnumbered by 2 to 1, but they destroyed the
English forces.
 Braddock was injured and died 3 days later.

26.  Because he assumed command:
 Washington received the bullet holes when he tried
to save his men after Braddock was wounded.
 He was the hero of the battle.

27.  Washington was named as the Commander of
the Virginia Militia; he was not a replacement
for General Braddock.

28.  “We continue our March from Fort
Cumberland to Frazier’s (which is within 8
miles of Duquesne) without meeting any
extraordinary event, having only a straggler or
two picked up by the French Indians. When
we came to this place, we were attacked (very
unexpectedly) by about three hundred French
and Indians.

29.  Our numbers consisted of about thirteen
hundred well armed men, chiefly Regulars,
who were immediately struck with such an
inconceivable panick, that nothing byt
confusion and disobedience of orders prevailed
among them.

30.  The officers, in general, behaved with
incomparable bravery, for which they greatly
suffered, there being near 600 killed and
wounded—a large proportion out of the
number we had!

31. The Virginia companies behaved like men and
died like soldiers; for I believe out of three
companies that were on the ground that day
scarce thirty were left alive. Capt. Payroney and
all his officers, down to a corporal, were killed;
Capt. Polson had almost as hard a fate, for only
one of his escaped.

32. In short, the dastardly behaviour of the Regular
troops (so-called) exposed those who were
inclined to do their duty to almost certain death;
and, at length, in spite of every effort to the
contrary, broke and ran as sheep before hounds,
leaving the artillery, ammunition, provisions,
baggage, and in short, everything a prey to the
enemy.

33. And when we endeavoured to rally them, in
hopes of regaining the ground and what we had
left upon it, it was with as little success as if we
had attempted to have stopped the wild bears of
the mountains, or rivulets without feet; for they
would break by, in despite of every effort that
could be made to prevent it.”

35.  Shortly after, he married a wealthy widow
named Martha Custis who had two children.
 He moved his family to
Mount Vernon in Virginia.

36.  He drove a wagon in Braddock’s army.
 He grew up on the frontier and could fight like
an Indian.
 He was part of the battle near
Fort Duquesne.

37.  War of Britain against France and Spain
concluded with a series of victories for the
British.
 Spain had joined as a French ally in 1762.
 Caribbean sugar islands, which were owned by
the French, came under British control.
 This sent a message to the French that British
troops could not be beat.

38.  It was crucial for the British to win this battle.
 They climbed over steep and rocky terrain
during the night , onto the Plains of Abraham.
 The battle was fatal
for the French.
 French Commander
Montcalm and British
Commander Wolfe both
died in this battle.

39.  The war finally ended on February 10, 1763,
with the Treaty of Paris.
 France were able to keep some islands in the
Caribbean.
 Britain released Cuba and the Philippines back
to Spain.
 Spain gave the British Florida.
 Great Britain gained all territory that was east of the
Mississippi River, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico
to Hudson’s Bay.

40.  France and Spain were
both on the verge
of financial collapse.
 Britain, however, was
dominating Europe
and was ready to do the
same in the New World.