2. Traktus Digestivus/Gastrointestinalis
- Traktus digestivus/gastrointestinalis bertugas untuk
makan dan mengolah makanan, menyerap nutrisi dan
membuang produk yang tidak terdigesti.
- Traktus digestivus merupakan tabung panjang yang
berawal dari cavum oris , esofagus, gaster, intestinum
tenua, intestinum crassum/colon, rectum dan anus.
- Kelenjar pencernaaan akan membantu mengolah dan
menyerap nutrisi, yaitu glandula salivatorius, pankreas,
hepar, dan vesica velea.
3. Struktur Sistem Organ Gastrointestinal
• Ingestion (mulut)
• Digesti (mulut, gaster,
intestinum tenue)
• Organ asesorius (hepar,
pankreas, vesica velea)
• Absorpsi (intestinum
tenue et crassum)
• Eksresi (intestinum
crassum)
4.
5. Pengolahan Makanan
• Ingesti
– Proses memasukkan makanan ke dalam tubuh
• Peristalsis
– Gerakan fisik sepanjang traktus digestivus
• Digesti
– Proses pengolahan makanan secara mekanik dan kimiawi
• Absorpsi
– Perjalanan makanan dari traktus digestivus ke dalam tubuh
• Defekasi
– Eliminasi bahan makanan yang tidak tercerna dalam tubuh
14. Gigi/ Dentes
• Dentes decidui = gigi susu : 24 gigi
• Dentes permanentes = gigi tetap : 32 gigi
Penyusun:
Dens incicivus
Dens caninus
Dens premolaris
Dens molaris I
Dens molaris II
Dens molaris III/serotinus
16. Lidah/Lingua
• Anatomi: radix, dorsum,
apex linguae
• Musculus intrinsik:
m. Transversus linguae
m. Longitudinalis superior et
inferor
m. Verticalis linguae
• Papilla linguae: papilla
valata, foliata, fungiformis
dan piriformis
23. Musculus Faring
• M. constrictor pharingis superior
• M. constrictor pharingis medius
• M. constrictor pharingis inferius
• M. palatoglossus
• M. salpingopharingeus
• M. stylopharingeus
24. Esofagus
• Esofagus merupakan pipa berotot dengan
panjang 25 cm
• Terbentang antara faring hingga
gaster/ventriculus
• Bermuara pada cardia ventriculi setinggi
cartilago costalis VII dan vertebra T10/11
• Distal terdapat pleksus esofagealis
25.
26. Gaster/Ventriculus/Lambung
• Bagian: cardiac, fundus, corpus, pilorus
Cardiac merupakan muara esofagus
Pilorus memiliki m. sfingter pylori untuk
mengatur pengosongan lambung ke
duodenum
• Lengkung: curvatura major et minor
27. NOTE:
- The stomach sits in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. It can be divided into 4 parts: the cardia, the fundus, the
body or corpus, and the pylorus.
- The lesser curvature of the stomach is connected to the liver via the hepatogastric ligament, which comprise the lesser
omentum with the hepatoduodenal ligament. On the other side, the greater curvature is connected to the greater
omentum of the abdomen. Note the other surrounding structures.
- The venous drainage of the lesser curvature involves the left and right gastric veins, which anastomose as the coronary
vein. The greater curvature is drained by short gastric veins into the anastomoses of the left and right gastro-omental
veins. They all drain into the hepatic portal vein, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava.
28. - The stomach is supplied by the arteries branching off the
celiac trunk.
- There are three major branches of the celiac trunk:
- 1) left gastric artery – supplies the lesser curvature
and anastomoses with the right gastric artery
- 2) splenic artery – supplies the spleen, giving off the
left gastro-omental artery which supplies the greater
curvature and anastomoses with the right gastro-
omental artery
- 3) common hepatic artery – supplies the liver with
the hepatic artery proper. The right gastric and right
gastro-omental arteries both branch off the hepatic
artery proper. In addition, it also gives off the
gastroduodenal artery to supply the duodenum,
pancreas, and greater curvature.
- In short, the stomach is supplied by the right and left
gastric arteries at the lesser curvature and the right and left
gastro-omental arteries at the greater curvature.
- The lesser curvature is drained by the coronary vein, while
the greater curvature is drained by the right and left gastro-
omental veins.
31. Duodenum
• Merupakan bagian terpendek dari intestinum
tenue, berbentuk huruf C, berhubungan
dengan pylorus dan jejunum
• Anatomis: pars superior, pars decendens, pars
horizontalis, dan pars ascendens
• Terdapat muara ductus pancreaticus dan
ductus choledocus/biliaris
33. - Once again, the 4 layers of the GI tract are shown –
mucosa, submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa.
- The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior
abdominal wall via mesentery. Within the mesentery are
arcades and straight arteries. Jejunal arteries are shorter
than ileal arteries. In addition, the jejunum mucosa has
many more circular folds than the ileum, showing that the
jejunum absorbs most of the nutrients.
- Histologically, the jejunum and ileum are very similar. Note
once again the numerous villi. Extending into the lamina
propria from the mucosa are intestinal glands, better known
as intestinal crypts or crypts of Lieberkuhn.
- REMEMBER: Only the esophagus and duodenum have
submucosal glands.
35. - The ileum ends in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
and connects to the cecum, which then leads into the
ascending colon.
- The ileocecal region is supplied by the ileocolic artery,
which branches off the superior mesenteric artery. The
ileocolic artery gives off a colic branch which supplies
beginning of the ascending colon, and an ileal branch that
supplies the end of the ileum.
- Note the abrupt transition in the epithelial lining from the
small intestinal (S) villi to the glandular form of large
intestine (L). The ileocecal valve contains considerably
thickened muscularis propria (M) with some lymphoid tissue
(Ly).
- Note the appendix and appendicular artery shown here.
We look in more detail in two slides.
CAECUM
