The figure on the cover shows the elements that deals with the human and those are gathered in that science called Ergonomics or Human factors and we were asked to work on this project to test the different elements that affect the human and we tried to find solutions to this place that we have chosen and it’s BMW Collection. This report consists of 5 main parts and they are:  Workstation Description  Workstation Assessment  Workstation Measurements  WMSD Identification and Suggested Solutions  Workstation improvement Each part of them consists of many parts and points to cover and they are focused on determining the elements that don’t fit the human through standard checklists and surveys that helped us to determine the problems with that place and we tried to find solutions and this is illustrated in part 5 that provides some elements that human interacts with, and we designed it according to the recommended data and dimensions using software tool its name is SOLIDWORKS.

1. Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering
Production Engineering Department
Third Year Production
1st Semester (2017-2018)
Human Factors HS-363
FINAL REPORT
(Covering tasks 1,2,3,4,5)
DEC,2018
N0 Name Section Seat number
1 Ahmed Ibrahim Alsaied Abo Ismael 1 8
2 Ahmed Gamal EL-Den Mohammed 1 12
3 Ahmed Ali Mohamed Ali Elgzery 1 24
4 Ahmed Mohammed Mahmoud Ibrahim 2 33
5 Islam Ahmed Mohamed El-Bershawy 2 42
6 El-Sayed EL-Sayed Hassan EL-Sayed 2 46
7 Hossam Adel Salah Fathallah EL-Kashef 3 59
8 Salem Salah Salem Mohamed 4 77
9 Abd El-Rahman Magdy HassanSaleh 4 92
10 Abdallah Ahmed Hussein Omer 4 95
ERGONOMICS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................5
PART 1.................................................................................................................................6
(Workstation Description).................................................................................................6
 Company Introduction: .........................................................................................7
 Operating steps description: ................................................................................10
 Type of working area:..........................................................................................10
 Activities that worker perform: ...........................................................................11
 Working area description: ...................................................................................11
 Tools used:...........................................................................................................12
 Workers Information:..........................................................................................14
PART 2...............................................................................................................................15
(Workstation Assessment)...............................................................................................15
 RISK factors examples:........................................................................................15
 WMSDs Examples:..............................................................................................15
 Workstation assessment.......................................................................................16
 Worker Assessment..............................................................................................27
 management building:..........................................................................................36
 workshop stations:...............................................................................................37
PART 3...............................................................................................................................42
(Workstation Measurements)..........................................................................................42
 Egyptian anthropometric data:............................................................................43
 The Reception Area:............................................................................................44
 The Office:...........................................................................................................45
 Working Area:.....................................................................................................46
 Over Head Work:................................................................................................47
PART 4...............................................................................................................................48
(WMSD Identification and Suggested Solutions).............................................................48
 What are work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)? ............................48
 Existing WMSDs in the workstation:...................................................................49

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 Proper posture requirements:..............................................................................51
 Ergonomic solution for Neck or Back Bent & Squatting ......................................51
 Ergonomic solution for Elbows above shoulders ..................................................52
 Preventing back pain and injury:.........................................................................52
 Product Redesign.................................................................................................55
PART 5...............................................................................................................................56
(Workstation improvement)............................................................................................56
 WRENCH M10 AND M12 COMBO:-.................................................................56
 The seat:...............................................................................................................56
 Movable tools kit:.................................................................................................60
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................61

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. The company Location ..............................................................................................7
Figure 2. The company front....................................................................................................7
Figure 3. Location picture from satellite...................................................................................8
Figure 4. Company low chart...................................................................................................9
Figure 5. Maintenance activity...............................................................................................11
Figure 6. Another activity......................................................................................................11
Figure 7. Painting shop activity..............................................................................................11
Figure 8. Lifting Machine.......................................................................................................12
Figure 9. Air compressor. ......................................................................................................12
Figure 10. Torque Wrench.....................................................................................................12
Figure 11. Dead Blow Mallet..................................................................................................13
Figure 12. Screw drivers........................................................................................................13
Figure 13. Wrenches.............................................................................................................13
Figure 14. Pneumatic tools....................................................................................................13
Figure 15 Management building............................................................................................36
Figure 16. Lights in the office.................................................................................................36
Figure 17. Office example......................................................................................................37
Figure 18 Awkward postures squatting, bent back & neck......................................................38
Figure 19. Overhead work 2 ..................................................................................................39
Figure 20. Overhead work.....................................................................................................39
Figure 21. Untidy work place.................................................................................................40
Figure 22. Garbage zone .......................................................................................................40
Figure 23. Untidy workspace. ................................................................................................41
Figure 24. Reception area......................................................................................................44
Figure 25. The office .............................................................................................................45
Figure 26. Working Area........................................................................................................46
Figure 27. Overhead work.....................................................................................................47
Figure 28. Neck or Back Bent Forward....................................................................................49
Figure 29. Squatting..............................................................................................................50
Figure 30. Elbows above shoulders........................................................................................50

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Figure 31. Bend Pak Portable Mid-Rise Scissor Lift..................................................................51
Figure 32. Bend Pak Portable Mid-Rise Scissor Lift – 6,000lb. Capacity, Model# MD-6XP...........51
Figure 33. Mechanic in blue uniform lying down and working under car at auto service garage 52
Figure 34. Spinal curves and natural posture..........................................................................53
Figure 35. Back strengtheningexercise ..................................................................................53
Figure 36. Back Stretches......................................................................................................54
Figure 37. Redesign of table and chair....................................................................................55
Figure 38. Table and chair in workstation...............................................................................55
Figure 39. Dimensions...........................................................................................................56
Figure 40. Suggested designfor wrench.................................................................................56
Figure 41. Design Dimensions................................................................................................56
Figure 42. Suggested seat design...........................................................................................56
Figure 43. Design 1&2 two suggested designs.........................................................................57
Figure 44. Old design. ...........................................................................................................57
Figure 45. Stress Analysis for design 1....................................................................................58
Figure 46. Design 1 Dimensions.............................................................................................58
Figure 47. Design 2 parts.......................................................................................................59
Figure 48. Variable designs of the carriage. ............................................................................60
Figure 49. Suggested tool carriage design...............................................................................60

6. [AUTHOR NAME] 5
INTRODUCTION
The figure on the cover shows the elements that deals with the human and those are
gathered in that science called Ergonomics or Human factors and we were asked to
work on this project to test the different elements that affect the human and we tried
to find solutions to this place that we have chosen and it’s BMW Collection.
This report consists of 5 main parts and they are:
 Workstation Description
 Workstation Assessment
 Workstation Measurements
 WMSD Identification and Suggested Solutions
 Workstation improvement
Each part of them consists of many parts and points to cover and they are focused on
determining the elements that don’t fit the human through standard checklists and
surveys that helped us to determine the problems with that place and we tried to find
solutions and this is illustrated in part 5 that provides some elements that human
interacts with, and we designed it according to the recommended data and
dimensions using software tool its name is SOLIDWORKS.

7. [AUTHOR NAME] 6
PART 1
(Workstation Description)
The task include the following points:
 Company introduction (Name of company-Type of industry-Products of
company)
 Name of selected workstation and its function
 Workstation flow diagram (representing operating steps to produce output
of workstation)
 Operating steps description (with aid of pictures and/or videos)
 Type of working area (Standing or Sitting)
 Activities that worker perform
 Describe working area surrounding worker (Table, Chair, Shelf, Trolley,
Production line..etc.)
 Machines and/or tools used
 Workers information (Sex-Age-Number-Working hours-Rest periods)

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 Company Introduction:
BMW Collection is a maintenance center for BMW & Mini cooper cars it provides all types
of spare parts & Accessories (Disc Brakes, Oil Filters, Radiators, Rims, ......etc.) to Car
Service (Quick Service, Air Conditioning, Mechanical & electrical Maintenance, Body,
Paint ......etc.
Figure 2. The company front.
Figure 1. The company Location

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Company Name: BMW Collection
Type of industry: Services
Products of company: Maintenance
Workstation Name: The Mechanical and Electrical Maintenance
Workstation Function: Mechanical and Electrical Maintenance
Workstation flow diagram:
First when the client arrives, he Fills the application form & identify the reason for the
maintenance he declare to do; then an Overall review & identifications of faults rans to
Inform the client of any external unknown faults; after the two previous steps a repairing
work starts with assigning the date and hour of starting it ; after the worker finishes his
work he calls for his Supervisor to review his work and check for the repairing’s; after
approval from supervisor is signed in the form; an Overall Car cleaning service is done as
an extra-free service this Station provides; final step is to inform the Client of the
appointment of receiving his car.
Figure 3. Location picture from satellite.

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Figure 4. Company flow chart.

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 Operating steps description:
1. Filling application form & identify the reason for the maintenance
2. Overall review & identifying faults
3. Inform customer of unknown faults
4. Start repairing
5. Supervisor review
6. Over all Car cleaning
7. Client approval
 Type of working area:
Standing

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 Activities that workerperform:
 Working area description:
Group of maintenance workstations that has mechanical, electrical & transmission
maintenance and a cleaning center after the maintenance
Figure 7. Painting shop activity Figure 6. Another activity
Figure 5. Maintenance activity.

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Machines used: 2 post surface mounted lifts
 Tools used:
Figure 8. Lifting Machine.
Figure 10. Torque Wrench Figure 9. Air compressor.

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Figure 14. Pneumatic tools
Figure 13. Wrenches
Figure 12. Screw drivers.
Figure 11. Dead Blow Mallet

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 Workers Information:
On average cha
Gender Male
AGE 25-45
Number 15
Working Hours 8
Rest Period 1 period (an hour)

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PART 2
(Workstation Assessment)
The task shouldinclude the followingpoints:
 Checklist used in evaluating current situation (With stating who answered the
questions in the checklist)
 Any observations you have found in the workstation not covered by the checklist
 Conclusions obtained from checklist and observations analysis (Existing risk
factors causing WMSD).
To achieve the objectives of this task we needed a:
1. Good knowledge of Risk Factors.
2. Idea of Wmsds.
3. Work station check list.
 RISK factors examples:
 Awkward posters
 High hand force
 Repetitive motion
 Using hand or knee in repeated impacts
 Heavy frequent and awkward lifting
 Exposure to moderate or high level of vibrations
 WMSDs Examples:
 Discomfort
 Pain
 Numbness
 Tingling or burning
 Swelling/inflammation
 Changes in skin color
 Tight muscles
 Loss of flexibility
 Carpal tendon syndrome
 Tennis elbow

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 Workstation assessment
Inspectors: project students Date: 3/11/2018
BMW COLLECTION CENTER
(O)Satisfactory
(X) Requires Action
LocationConditionComments
Training
Is training provided for each person newly
assigned to a job? o
Does initial training include a thorough review of
hazards and incidents associated with the job? x
Is adequate instruction in the use of personal
protective equipment provided? x
Is training for the use of emergency equipment
provided? x
Are workers knowledgeable in the "Right to
Refuse" procedures? x
Environment
Are resources available to deal with very hot or
very cold conditions (drinking water, lined gloves,
insulated boots)?
o
Is the rain/cold weather gear that is provided
comfortable, and light enough so as not to
constitute a hazard?
o
Are work surfaces and grip surfaces safe when
wet? x
Do workers know the symptoms of heat
cramps/heatstroke, or frost bite/hypothermia? x
Work Process

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Are repetitive motion tasks properly paced and
kept to a minimum? o
Are the safety data sheets accessible to all
employees? o
Are hazards signaled by signs and tags? o
Have all trucks, forklifts and other equipment
been inspected and maintained? o
Are lockout or tag out procedures in place and
followed? x
Is ventilation equipment working effectively? o
Is the fume and dust collection hood working
effectively? x
Are the safety showers and eye wash stations in
the proper locations and in good working
condition?
x
Fire Emergency Procedures
Is there a clear fire response plan posted for each
work area? x
Do all workers know the plan? x
Are drills held regularly? x
Are fire extinguishers chosen for the type of fire
most likely in that area? o
Are there enough extinguishers present to do the
job? o
Are extinguisher locations conspicuously marked? o

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Are extinguishers properly mounted and easily
accessible? o
Are all extinguishers fully charged and operable? o
Are special purpose extinguishers clearly
marked? o
Means of Exit
Are there enough exits to allow prompt escape? x
Do employees have easy access to exits? x
Will exit doors open in an emergency to allow
egress? x
Are exits clearly marked? x
Are exits and exit routes equipped with
emergency lighting? x
Are exits and exit routes accessible (e.g., no
items stored in the pathway or doorway)? x
Warehouse and Shipping
Are dock platforms, bumpers, stairs and steps in
good condition? o
Are light fixtures in good condition? o
Are all work areas clean and free of debris? x
Are stored materials properly stacked and
spaced? x
Are tools kept in their proper place? x

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Are there metal containers for oily rags and
similar rubbish? x
Are floors free of oil spillage or leakage? x
Is absorbent available for immediate clean-up of
spills and leaks? x
Are all hazardous products stored appropriately? x
Loading/Unloading Racks
Are steps, railings and retractable ramps on
raised platforms in good repair? X
Is piping and in-line equipment in good condition
and free of leaks? X
Are loading arms operating satisfactorily? O
Do submerged filling two-stage valves operate
properly? X
Are bonding and grounding cables free of breaks
or damage? X
Are connections tight and sound? X
Is the general condition of wiring and junction
boxes, etc. in good condition (visual inspection)? O
Lighting
Is the level of light adequate for safe and
comfortable performance of work? O
Does lighting produce glare on work surfaces,
monitors, screens and keyboards? X
Is emergency lighting adequate and regularly
tested? X

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Machine Guards
Are all machine parts adequately guarded? x
Do machine guards meet standards? x
Are all guards in place and operating as
designed? o
Are lockout procedures followed when performing
maintenance with guards removed? o
Electrical
Is the Canadian Electrical Code followed for
operation, use, repair and maintenance? o
Are all machines properly grounded? o
Are portable hand tools grounded or double
insulated? o
Are junction boxes closed? o
Are extension cords out of the aisles where they
can be abused by heavy traffic? o
Is permanent wiring used instead of extension
cords? o
Tools and Machinery
Are manufacturers' manuals kept and followed for
all tools and machinery? x
Do power tools conform to standards? x
Are tools chosen to be models that can be used
properly by employees (e.g., size, weight,
ergonomic features)?
x

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Are defective tools tagged and removed from
service as part of a regular maintenance
program?
x
Are tools and machinery used so as to avoid
electrical hazards? x
Is proper training given in the safe use of tools
and machinery? x
Confined Spaces
Are the confined space procedures and training
available and followed by all involved? O
Are entry and exit procedures adequate? X
Are emergency and rescue procedures in place
(e.g. trained safety watchers)? O
Housekeeping
Is the work area clean and orderly? X
Are floors free from protruding nails, splinters,
holes and loose boards? X
Are aisles and passageways kept clear of
obstructions? X
Are permanent aisles and passageways clearly
marked? X
Are covers or guardrails in place around open
pits, tanks and ditches? X
Floor and Wall Openings
Are ladder-ways and door openings guarded by a
railing? X
Do temporary floor openings have standard
railings or someone constantly on guard? X

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Stairs, Ladders and Platforms
Are stairs and handrails in good condition? O
Are ladders free of defects? O
Are ladders set up properly before use? X
Are the elevated platforms properly secured and
do they have handrails? X
Elevating Devices
Are elevating devices used only within their
capacity? O
Are capacities posted on equipment? X
Are they regularly inspected, tested and
maintained? X
Are controls of the "dead man" type? X
Are operators trained? O
Sound Level/Noise
Are regular noise surveys conducted? X
Is hearing protection available and used properly? X
Temporary Work Structures
Are temporary work structures used only when it
is not reasonably practicable to use permanent
ones?
X

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Are excavations properly shored, free of large
objects (rocks, etc.) at the edges? X
Employee Facilities
Are facilities kept clean and sanitary? o
Are facilities in good repair? O
Are cafeteria facilities provided away from
hazardous products? O
Are hand washing facilities available, especially in
washrooms and near eating areas? O
Medical and First Aid
Do all employees know how to get first aid
assistance when needed? X
Do the first-aiders know when and to which
hospital or clinic an injured person should be
taken?
X
Are there employees trained as first-aid
practitioners on each shift worked? X
Are first-aid kits provided as per your jurisdiction's
first-aid regulations? X
Are first-aid supplies replenished as they are
used? X
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Is required PPE provided, maintained and used? O
Has the PPE been chosen to protect against the
hazards that are present? O
Is the PPE reliable? O

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Is PPE used only when it is not reasonably
practicable to eliminate or control the hazardous
substance or process by other means?
O
Are the areas requiring PPE usage properly
identified by warning signs? O
Materials Handling and Storage
Is there safe clearance for all equipment through
aisles and doors? X
Is stored material stable and secure? X
Are storage areas free from tipping hazards? X
Are only trained operators allowed to operate
forklifts? X
Is charging of electric batteries performed only in
designated areas? X
Are dock boards (bridge plates) used when
loading or unloading from dock to truck or dock to
rail car?
X
Are necessary warning devices and signs in use
for railway sidings? X
Are specifications posted for maximum loads
which are approved for shelving, floors and roofs? X
Are racks and platforms loaded only within the
limits of their capacity? X
Are chain hoists, ropes and slings adequate for
the loads and marked accordingly? O
Are slings inspected daily before use? O
Are all new, repaired, or reconditioned alloy steel
chain slings proof-tested before use? O

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Are pallets and skids the correct type and
inspected? O
Do personnel use proper lifting techniques? O
Is the size and condition of containers hazardous
to workers? O
Are elevators, hoists, conveyors, balers, etc.,
properly used with appropriate signals and
directional warning signs?
X
Hazardous Product / Chemical Storage
Has the safety data sheet (SDS) been reviewed
before handling, moving, or storing the product? X
Is appropriate PPE used for that product? X
Is the storage area and products organized to
keep incompatible products separated? X
Are hazardous products stored away from heat
sources? X
Are containers checked for leaks or damage? X
Are containers stored in drip trays where
necessary? X
Are all products labelled, and are missing or
damaged labels replaced immediately? X
Is spill cleanup material immediately available? X
Are bonding and grounding connections
immediately available for flammable products? X
Is the ventilation for the storage area adequate for
the products stored within? X

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 Worker Assessment

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The BMW maintenance center consists of two main buildings one contains offices of
managerialand accountants the other one is for the workers changing rooms and storage.
Between these two building and more specifically behind the 1st one there is the
workshop which consist of stations which are:
 2 mechanical
 1 electrical
 1 body work
 1 painting
 1 filmcovering
 Washing station
Based on our observations and according to the check list we found:
 management building:
The building is well designed starting from the stairs till the offices and the rest space for
clients, as shown in the figures we noticed how the building is environment friendly as it
has natural lightin allover it during light,alsothe chairs, desks and sofas arewell designed
to suit humans anthropometry, which makes you feel very comfortable while waiting for
delivery or paper works as a client which as a very good things that eliminate many
computer workstations risk factors which lead to Wmsds.
Figure 15 Management building. Figure 16. Lights in the office

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Figure 17. Office example
 workshop stations:
The work stations had common RISK FACTORS which are:
1- High hand force
2- Using hands in repeated impacts
3- Awkward postures:
1- over head
2- kneeling
3- squatting
4- bent back
5- sever neck bent up.
these are the Risk Factors we found there, the figures below shows these risk factors
and how did the workers acted them.

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Figure 18 Awkward postures squatting, bent back & neck.

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Figure 20. Overhead work
Figure 19. Overhead work 2

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There were other factors we noticed but it wasn’t directly related to risk factors for
example the workers had to take the tools they needs when they are doing something,
there were no tool carriage, which leads to high stress on upper extremities, other one
was the environment of work wasn’t tidy and the floor was sticky and has some oil spots,
also the workshop hasn’t very efficient lighting systemspecially at night, the workers also
had no break areas or seats to sit on while resting also the changing rooms weren’t
suitable and it also used as a storage area. The untidy workspace may lead to serious
injuries and it also has a great effect on the workers comfort.
Figure 21. Untidy work place
Figure 22. Garbage zone

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Figure 23. Untidy workspace.

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PART 3
(Workstation Measurements)
In this task:
 State items in the working area surrounding worker that will be studied
 Collect necessary dimensions for each item
 Calculate the recommended dimension based on Egyptian anthropometric data
(Dimension-Related Anthropometric data-Design criteria-Suggested value)
 Write a conclusion (Comment on relation between each measured dimension in
the 2st point and calculated “recommended” dimension in the 3rd point)
In this task we have chosen 4 areas in the BMW car services and maintenance these
areas differ from each other, and we have measured the dimensions of each one so that
we can compare between them and the anthropometric data related to Egypt.
In the upcoming pages there are the figures of the areas and the data are tabulated so
that it can show the comparison between the measured value and the recommended
dimension based on the anthropometric data.

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 Egyptian anthropometric data:

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 The Reception Area:
 The chair data:
Dimension Measured
Values
Recommended
value
Design
criteria
Seat Pan Height 30 Cm 26.8 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Width 59 Cm 54.2 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Depth 46 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Height 49 Cm 52.4 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Width 49 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
 The Couch data
Dimension Measured
Values
Recommended
value
Design
criteria
Seat Pan Height 30 Cm 26.8 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Width 170 Cm 174 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Depth 46 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Height 49 Cm 52.4 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Width 49 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
Figure 24. Reception area

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 The Office:
 The Seat:
Dimension Measure
d Values
Recommended
value
Design
criteria
Seat Pan Height 46 Cm 44.2 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Width 43 Cm 54.2 cm 95 % ile
Seat Pan Depth 43 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Height 66 Cm 52.4 cm 95 % ile
Seat Back Width 43 Cm 46.3 cm 95 % ile
 The Desk:
Dimension Measure
d Values
Recommended
value
Design
criteria
Desk Surface
Height
75 Cm 75 cm 95 % ile
Clearance Height 34 Cm 35 cm 95 % ile
Clearance Width 97Cm 105 cm 95 % ile
Clearance Depth 46 Cm 46 cm 95 % ile
Figure 25. The office

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 Working Area:
 Desk used To Fix Parts:
Dimension Measured
Values
Recommende
d value
Design
criteria
Desk Surface
height
62 Cm 75 cm 5 % ile
Clearance Height 26 Cm 35 cm 95 % ile
Clearance Width 100 Cm 105 cm 95 % ile
Clearance Depth 53 Cm 46 cm 95 % ile
Figure 26. Working Area

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 Over Head Work:
Dimension
Measured
Value
Recommended
value
Design
criteria
Max height 182 Cm 187 cm 95 % ile
Figure 27. Overhead work.

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PART 4
(WMSD Identification and Suggested Solutions)
The task include the following points:
 Name of existing WMSDs in the workstation and their possible causes
 Suggestion of possible solution(s) to each WMSD (With stating source of
solution)
 What are work-related musculoskeletal disorders
(WMSDs)?
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a group of painful disorders of
muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet
syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples.
For the purpose of developing injury prevention strategies, many health and safety
agencies include only disorders that develop gradually and are caused by the overuse of
the above constituents of the musculoskeletal system. The traumatic injuries of the
muscles, tendons and nerves due to accidents are not considered to be WMSDs or are
considered separately. However, there are organizations, such as the European Agency
for Safety and Health at Work, that include acute traumas and fractures within in the
WMSD group.

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 Existing WMSDs in the workstation:
1. Neck or Back Bent Forward More than30 °

Causes:
AwkwardPostures: Bendingforward
Figure 28. Neck or Back Bent Forward

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2. Squatting
Causes:
Awkward Posture Low work.
3. Elbows above shoulders
Causes:
Awkward Posture Work overshoulder level
Figure 29. Squatting
Figure 30. Elbows above shoulders

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 Proper posture requirements:
 Good muscle flexibility
 Normal motioninthe joints
 Strongpostural muscles
 A balance of muscleson bothsidesof the spine
Awarenessof your own posture,plus awarenessof proper posture which leadsto conscious
correction
 Ergonomic solution for Neck or Back Bent & Squatting
If we're going to work for long time or we've a repetitive work we need to keep our spine
in alignment and we can do that by lifting the car itself to avoid an awkward posture.
Figure 32. Bend Pak Portable Mid-Rise Scissor Lift – 6,000lb. Capacity, Model# MD-6XP
Figure 31. Bend Pak Portable Mid-Rise Scissor Lift

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 Ergonomic solution for Elbows above shoulders
You can lay downunder the car usinga creeperto avoidthisproblem
 Preventing back pain and injury:
1. Self-care:
Using correct posture and keeping your spine in alignment are the most important things
you can do for your back. The lower back (lumbar curve) bears most of your weight, so
proper alignment of this section can prevent injury to your vertebrae, discs, and other
portions of your spine. If you have back pain, you may need to make adjustments to your
daily standing, sitting, and sleeping habits and learn proper ways to lift and bend. Your
workspace may need to be rearranged to keep your spine from slouching. Because extra
pounds can make back pain worse, you should maintain a weight that is appropriate for
your height and body frame.
Figure 33. Mechanic in blue uniform lyingdown and working under car at autoservice garage

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2. Exercise.
Regular exercise is important to prevent back pain and injury. A program of
strengthening, stretching and aerobic exercises will improve your overall fitness level.
Research has shown that people who are physically fit are more resistant to back injuries
and pain, and recover quicker when they do have injuries, than those who are less
physically fit.
Figure 34. Spinal curves and natural posture
Figure 35. Back strengthening exercise

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Figure 36. Back Stretches

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 Product Redesign
Redesign of table and chair:
In Figure 23 we notice that the worker resorted to placing more than one chair on top
of each other to do his work while it can be used this type of chairs and tables ,which
allows the worker to control the level of height between him and table as shown in
Figure 24.
Figure 38. Table and chair in workstation
Figure 37. Redesign of table and chair

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PART 5
(Workstation improvement)
 WRENCH M10 AND M12 COMBO:-
 The seat:
Figure 40. Suggested design for wrench. Figure 39. Dimensions
Figure 42. Suggested seat design. Figure 41. Design Dimensions

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Figure 44. Old design.
Figure 43. Design 1&2 two suggested designs

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Figure 46. Design 1 Dimensions
Figure 45. Stress Analysis for design 1

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Figure 47. Design 2 parts.

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 Movable tools kit:
Figure 49. Suggested tool carriage design.
Figure 48. Variable designs of the carriage.

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CONCLUSION
From observation and checklists used we conclude that:
The company has good side and bad one, the good side is obvious in the
management building as we see in the figures how convenient the chairs and the
desks are, we also see how comfort is the managerial area. But on the other side the
workstations has some risk factors which can lead to Wmsds.
The risk factors found are:
1- High hand force
2- Using hands in repeated impacts
3- Awkward postures:
1- over head
2- kneeling
3- squatting
4- bent back
5- sever neck bent up.
As shown in the figures and tables there are many dimensions and they are
varying between:
 Dimensions that are typical as the recommended
 Dimensions more than the recommended
 Dimensions less than the recommended
And the majority are less than the recommended values but not so much
and this is because of the nature of the working areas as they need the
work to be more precise and accurate
So we have presented some solutions viewed in task 5 and we have used
SOLIDWORKS as a software tool to design some equipment that can help improving
the working area that fits the workers to do their jobs with more comfort and less
injures that can affect their lives.

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Reference
[1] IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIONSCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING, VOL. 13, NO,JANUARY 2016
[2] th Clinics for Ontario WorkersOccupational Heal (OHCOW)
(2003.)Office ErgonomicsWorkbook.
[3] mayfieldclinicwebsite
[4] National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under
title: Workplace guidelines for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries: a joint
initiative