english with mahmud

1. 1:
Voice Change
Voice mainly twoin types:
1. Active&
2. Passive
Now we will discussed about their basic characteristics –
Active voice: Same structure as tense.
Passive voice:
a. Main verb-3rd form
b. Come ‘by’ after main verb
c. Subject placed object and objectplaced subject. And subject takes its objectform. For
examples:
Subject Object
I Me
We Us
They Them
He Him
She Her
Basic rules for voice changing:
1. Continuous tense →→ being
2. Perfecttense →→ been
3. When changing from activeto passive indefinite tense alwaystakes its related continuous
tense’s auxiliary verb.
4. kSome exceptional words ‘by’ isn’t used after these:
Know To
Annoy With
Surprise At
Satisfied With

2. 2:
Changing voice according to Tense:
Tense Active voice (like tense structure) Passive voice
PresentIndefinite Sub+verb+object.
= I eatrice
Obj+ am/is/are+V3+by+objectiveform
of the subject.
= Rice iseatenbyme
Present
Continuous
Sub+ am/is/are+verb+ing+object.
= I am eatingrice
Obj+am/is/are+being+V3+by+obj form
of the subject.
=rice isbeingeatenbyme
PresentPerfect Sub+have/has+V3+obj.
=I have eatenrice
Obj+have/has+been+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice has beeneatenbyme
Past Indefinite Sub+ V2+object.
=I ate rice
Obj+was/were+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice was eatenbyme
Past Continuous Sub+ was/were+verb+ing+obj.
=I was eatingrice
Obj+was/were+being+V3+by+obj form
of subject.
=Rice is beingeatenbyme
Past Perfect Sub+had+V3+obj.
=I had eatenrice
Obj+had+been+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice had beeneatenbyme
Future Indefinite Sub+shall/will+verb+obj.
=I shall eatrice
Obj+shall/will+be+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice will be eatenbyme
Future Continuous Sub+shall/will+be+verb+ing+obj.
=I shall be eatingrice
Obj+shall/will+be+being+V3+by+obj
formof subject.
= Rice will be beingeatenbyme
Future Perfect Sub+ shall/will+have+V3+obj.
=I shall have eatenrice
Obj+shall/will+have +been+V3+by+obj
formof subject.
=Rice will have beeneatenbyme
Other Rules:
1. If there is no objectthen use – someone, somebody, we, people, authority etc.
Ex: His pen has been stolen.
Someone has stolen his pen.
2. If there is ‘one of+should’ at the starting of the sentence then – at first, subjective form of the
object/object+should be+V3 + extension.
For example: One should take care of one’s health
- Health should be taken care of .

3. 3:
3. Use of‘Who’:
By whom+auxiliary verb+subject+V3
For example: Who has broken the glass?
-By whomhas the glass been broken?
Whotorn the page?
-By whom is the page torn?
4. Use of‘Whom& What’:
Whom willchange into ‘who’, what will be unchanged.
For example: Whom is he teaching English?
-Whois being taught English by him?
What do you want?
-Whatis wanted by you?
5. Use ofModal Auxiliary(may,might,can, could,must, oughtto, goingto etc.)
Subject+ modal verbs+ be+V3+ regular form.
For Example: I may help you.
- Youmay be helped by me.
6. Imperativesentence:
Let+subject’s objective form+be+V3+extension
For Example: Do the work.
-let the workbe done.
Shut the door
-let the door be shut
Write the letter withoutany delay
-let the letter be written withoutany delay.
Don’t do the work.
-Let not the workbe done.
Don’t play footballat noon.
-Let not footballbe played at noon.
Let me do the work
- Let the workbe done by me
Never tell a lie

4. 4:
- Let never a lie be told
7. InterrogativeSentence:
Have youeaten rice?
Asser: you have eaten rice
Passive: Rice have been eaten by you.
Interro: Have rice been eaten by you?
Is he reading a book?
- Is a bookbeing read by him?
Do youknow them?
- Do they knownto you?
Exceptionals:
 Honey tastes sweet.
-Honey is tasted sweet.
-Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
 Rice sells cheap.
-Rice is sold cheap.
© Abdullah-Al-Mahmud
Dept. of Information Science & Library Management,
University of Rajshahi.
☺01755484957