1. BUSINESS ETHICS
Jamia hamdard
Submitted to:
Mr. Md. Shahnawaz Abdin.
Submitted on: 10-02-2012.
Presented by :
Abdul Sharique,
Abdul Moid,
Ajay Malik,
Amit Yadav.
Abhishekh Kumar.
2. Topics covered :
Introduction to :
Ethics,
Business Ethics,
Morals & Values,
Concepts of Utilitarianism & Universalism,
Theory of rights,
Theory of Justice ,
Virtue ethics ,
Ethics of care ,
Law and Ethics ,
The Nature of Ethics in Management Business
Standards and Values,
Value Orientation of the Firm.
3. What is Ethics?
“ The values an individual uses to interpret whether any
particular action or behavior is considered right or wrong.”
4. From where does society derive
sense of what is right or wrong
?
15. When only one percent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to
put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn’t happen.
Is this right to spend that much money on weapon ?
17. WHAT IS BUSINESS ETHICS?
Business Ethics is a specialized study of moral right and wrong.
It concentrates on moral standards as they apply particularly
to
business policies, institutions, and behavior.
18. We need to study business ethics to make
better decisions for ourselves, the
businesses we work for and the society we
WHY TO BOTHER WITH BUSINESS
ETHICS?
19.
20. Moral
“It is concerned with the principles of right and
wrong behaviour and the goodness or badness of
human character.”
21. “Values are the rules by which we make decisions about right
and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad. They also tell
us which are more or less important, which is useful when we
have to trade off meeting one value over another.”
Values
Business is a fair exchange of
values
22. The utilitarian approach to ethical decision making focuses on
taking the action that will result in the greatest good for the greatest
number of people.
UTILITARIANISM
[Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill]
23. The universalist approach to ethical decision making is similar to
the Golden Rule.
UNIVERSALISM
[Kant’s Theory]
24. What are Rights ?
A Right is an entitlement to something. A person has a right when
that person is entitled to act in a certain way or is entitled to
have others act in a certain way towards him.
25. Theory of Rights
[Robert Nozick]
• Everyone has a set of rights; and
• It’s up to the governments to protect those rights.
26. Justice
Justice is a the duty to treat all fairly distributing the
risks and benefits equally.
27. Theory of Justice
[Blame John and John Rawls]
• Greatest Liberty Principle Each person has an equal
right to basic rights and liberties.
• Focus is on outcomes Are people getting what they
deserve?
• Strength Basic premise - The protection of those who
are least advantaged in society.
• Criticisms Doesn’t examine the costs of producing the
equality.
29. Virtue ethics
• Virtue ethics is an approach that deemphasizes rules, consequences and
particular acts and places the focus on the kind of person who is acting.
• The issue is not primarily whether an intention is right, though that is
important; nor is it primarily whether one is following the correct rule; nor is
it primarily
• whether the consequences of action are good, though these factors are not
irrelevant.
30. “A man named Rahul considers whether or not to
steal a drug which he cannot afford to buy in
order to save the life of his mother.”
• Rahul predicament(difficult situation).
• The mother’s disease.
• The druggist’s refusal to lower his price.
Should Rahul steal the drug?
The reason for and against stealing are then
explored through a series of questions that vary
and extend the parameters of the dilemma in a
way design to reveal the underlying structure of
moral thought.
31. Ethics of care
This is a theory about what makes actions right or wrong. It
emphasize universal standards and impartiality, ethics of care
emphasize the importance of relationships.
32. Law
A law is as we know a government rule,
any written or positive rule or collection of
rules prescribed under the authority of the
state or nation, as by the people in its
constitution.
33. Legal ethics encompasses an ethical code governing
the conduct of persons engaged in the practice of law
and persons more generally in the legal sector.
Legal ethics
34. Legal ethics encompasses an ethical code governing
the conduct of persons engaged in the practice of law
and persons more generally in the legal sector.
Legal ethics
Notes de l'éditeur
Ethics are actually values of human being by which individual and society interpret whether his particular behavior or action is considered right or wrong….Values are the rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad. They also tell us which are more or less important, which is useful when we have to trade off meeting one value over another
Law………?…..law is basicallywritten collection of rules…………… by help of those rules we decide
What is right or wrong is based upon our opinion rather than fact.
2-3 dec 1984 UCIL Methyl isocyanides gas 25000---dead approx—5.5 lakh injured 40k –temporally 4K-permanentlyWarren Anderson///Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod Russel (India) Ltd. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001
Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a business context…
The utilitarian approach to ethical decision making focuses on taking the action that will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Considering our example of employing low-wage workers, under the utilitarian approach you would try to determine whether using low-wage foreign workers would result in the greatest good.It’s pretty simple, the greatest good for the greatest NUMBER of people requires you to do the thing that benefits the most folks. This may not be the thing that brings about the greatest happiness overall.action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happinessUtilitarianism focuses on acts that produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone:----STRENGTH:Forces thinking about the general welfare and stakeholders.Allows personal decisions to fit into the situation complexities.WEAKNESS:Ignores actions that may be inherently wrong.May come into conflict with the idea of justice.Difficult to formulate satisfactory rules for decision making.
One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneselfOrOne should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated.Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification. if an action is right (or wrong) for others, it is right (or wrong) for us.
A right to life, a right to choose; a right to vote, to work, to strike; a right to one phone call, to dissolve parliament, to equal treatment before the law, to feel proud of what one has done; a right to exist, to sentence an offender to death, to launch a nuclear first strike, to a distinct genetic identity; a right to believe one's eyes, to pronounce the couple husband and wife, to be left alone, to go to hell in one's own way.
Certain human rights are fundamental and must be respected by other humans.Focus is on each individual member of society and his/her rights.Each of us faces a moral obligation not to harm the fundamental rights of others: In India people have the right to choose their religion because this right is given by government.
Justice is the act of being just and/or fair.Distribute benefits, risks, and costs fairly to each an equal share.to each according to contribution.
What it would be like if we had no rules or law at all
“A man named Heinz considers whether or not to steal a drug which he cannot afford to buy in order to save the life of his wife.”Heinz predicament(difficult situtation).The wife’s disease. The druggist’s refusal to lower his price.Should Heinz steal the drug? The reason for and against stealing are then explored through a series of questions that vary and extend the parameters of the dilemma in a way design to reveal the underlying structure of moral thought.