social sciences

2.  Abhijeet Kulkarni
4th BDS
guided by
Dr. Abhishek Talathi

4.  It is the science concerned with the
organization or structure of social groups
 It is the science of behavior of man in a society
or group of human beings
 Sociologists define society as a system of uses
and procedures of authority and mutual aid of
many groups coupled with division of control
of human behavior and liberty.

6.  Though animals live in group human society is
one component namely the elelment of culture
 It can be simply understood as an art of adding
experiences

7.  Social Institution
It is a social structure and machinery through
which human society organizes directs and
executes the multifarious activities required to
satisfy human needs
Eg. School, Hospital, Parliament etc
Family is a social institute

9.  Community
It is defined as a group, small or large, living together in
such a way that the members share not one or more
specific interest but rather the basic condition of a
common life
Eg. People living in residential layout

10.  Association
They are group of people united for a specific purpose
or a limited number of purposes and are based on
utilitarian interest
Eg. Indian Dental Association

13.  Social Norms
The rules that a group uses for approprate and
inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours.
These rules may be explicit or implicit. Failure to stick
to the rules can result in sever punishments, the most
feared of which in exclusion from the group.

14.  Folkways
 Mores
 Taboos

15.  Folkways are the patterns of conventional behavior
in a society, norms that apply to everyday manners.
 They are conventional and habits learned from
childhood
 Breaking or questioning a folkway does not cause
sever punishment but may cause the person to be
laughed at.
 Eg. Welcome guest with respect

16.  Mores are much more strictly enforced than folkway.
 They are norms or customs which express
fundamental values of society.
 Mores derive from the established practices of a
society rather than its written laws
 Mores are distinguished from folkways by the
severity of response they invoke.

17.  While breaking a folkway is likely to turn heads of
passerby,breaking a more will offend observes and
possibly bring punishment
 Some are converted into laws to ensure implment

19.  It is a strong prohibition against words, objects,
actions or discussions that are considered
undesirable or offensive by a group, culture,
scoiety or community
 Breaking a taboo is considered objectional or
abhorrent
 Eg: abstinence from beef, pork and smoking in
Hindus, Muslims and Sikh respectively

22.  Custom is a broad term embracing allthe
norms classified as folkways or mores
 It refers to practise that have been repeated by
a number of generations, practise that tend to
be followed simply because they were followed
in past

25.  Habits are habituated routines of behaviour that are
repeated regularly, tendto occur subconsciously, and
tend to occur without directly thinking consciously
about those behaviours.
 Habit is purely personal affair not entailing any
obligation
 eg: smoking a cigarette after dinner

26.  Etiquettes is a code that governs the
expatations of social behaviour, according to
the contemporary conventional norm within a
society, social class, or group
 It is denpended on culture
 Eg: the manner in which fork and knief are
used in upper class whereas some use hands to
eat

27.  A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated or
generally accepted standards, norms or criteria, often
taking the form of a custom
 Eg: 1.manner in which people met each other by
shaking eachothers hands etc
 2. laws which determine which which side of road
the vehicals should be driven

29.  This is an important part of selective behaviour of
man
 It refers to those standerds of judgements by which
things and actions are evaluated as good or bad
 Personal values from circumstance with the external
world and can change over time
 This is learned early in life.

30. Meaning of Social Science
Social Science :
The field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects
of the group life of human beings. So it is subject to
change with the changes the human behavior.

31. Various Social Science Disciplines

32. •Anthropology
•Business studies
•Economics
•Education
•Geography
•History
•Industrial relations
•Law
•Philosophy
•Political science
•Psychology
•Public administration
•Sociology
•International studies
•Library Science

33. Anthropology
Anthropology is the holistic "science of man," - a science of the totality of human
existence.
1. Physical Anthropology
2. Cultural Anthropology

35.  1. Ethnology: comprative study of cultures
 2. Archeology: study of past cultures and civilization
usingtheir remains as principle sources of
information
 3. Linguistic: study of speech patterns of man

36. •Economics
is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption
of goods and services.
Scarcity or excess affects human behaviour

37. •Political Science
Is the study of social arrangement to maintain peace and order within a society.
It deals with constituent, government, laws of state which impose some disciple
on mans movementsor behaviour

38. •Psychology
Is the study of human soul/ mind/ behavior/ personality and how these are
effected by individuals environment
It deals with human nature and attitudes
It studies effect of environment on human behaviour

39.  Text book of public health dentistry (Soben Peter)