2. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
3. 1-Lischer classification
Cephalic anomalies
Deformities of osseous components
of the head
◼ Microcephaly (retrognathia)
◼ Macrocephaly ( spacing&
prognathism)
◼ Osteogenic (hyperosteosis of
the maxilla – overgrowth of
mandibular width and depth –
retardation of dentition )
Dysgnathic anomalies
Term denotes gross developmental
abnormalities of the teeth, dental
arches, jaws, etc…
◼ Macroglossia
◼ Microglossia
◼ Aglossia
◼ Clefts
◼ Abnormal labial fenum
◼ Agnathia
◼ Tumors
◼ Periodontal diseases
◼ Systemic diseases with oral
manifestation
5. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
9. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
10. 3- Bennett classification
◼ Class I : abnormal position of one or more teeth
due to local etiologic factors
◼ Class II: abnormal development of the upper and /
or lower arch due to developmental defect of the
bone
◼ Class III: malrelation of the upper and lower arches
to each other or to the face due to developmental
defect of the bone
11. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
15. Angle Class I malocclusion
◼ Normal molar relationship
◼ Malocclusion is localized
anterior to the first molar
◼ Crowding
◼ Spacing
◼ Crossbite
◼ Deep bite
◼ Open bite
◼ Impacted canine or
premolar
16. Angle Class II malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
distal relationship to the
maxillary arch
17. Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion
◼ Proclined upper incisors
◼ Excessive overjet and overbite
◼ V- shaped upper arch
◼ Short upper lip
◼ Incompetent lips
◼ Mandible may be deficient
◼ Underdeveloped chin
18. Angle Class II division II malocclusion
◼ Retroclined upper centrals
which may be overlapped
by upper laterals
◼ deep overbite
◼ broad upper arch
◼ normal upper lip
◼ Deep mental groove
◼ Mandible is of good size
19. Angle Class II subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I in
one side and class II in
the other side
20. Angle Class III malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
mesial relationship to the
maxillary arch
21. Angle Class III subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I
in one side and class
III in the other side
22. Validity of angle classification
◼ Upper first molar is not fixed
◼ It is possible to have class II dental arches on skeltal
class I bases
◼ It does not differentiate between mandibular
retrusion or maxillary protrusion in class II (same for
class III)
◼ It is incomplete ( consider only anteroposterior
direction( (neglect vertical and transverse direction)
24. Modifications of Angle classification
2- Dewey’s modification
Dewey divided angle’s class I into 5 types:
◼ Type 1: crowded maxillary anteriors
◼ Type 2:maxillary incisors in labioversion
◼ Type 3:maxillary incisors in linguversion
◼ Type4: molars and occasionally premolars in buccoversion or
linguversion – normal anteriors and normal dental arches
relationship
◼ Type 5:molars in mesioversion due to loss of teeth anterior to
molars- rest of teeth are normal
25. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
26. Simon Classification
◼ He relate the denture to the face and cranium
in the three planes of space
◼ Frankfort plane
◼ Orbital plane
◼ Mid-sagittal plane
27. ◼ The Frankfort plane
Used to determine the
deviation in the height of the
dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and
cranium
◼ Attraction: short distance
between the occlusal plane
and Frankfort plane
◼ Abstraction: long distance
between the occlusal plane
and Frankfort plane
Simon Classification
28. ◼ The orbital plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
margin of the bony orbit
directly under the pupil of
the eye
◼ Used to determine the
sagittal deviation of the
dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and
cranium
◼ The orbital plane passes
through the distal aspect of
the canine ( the law of the
canine)
Simon Classification
29. ◼ The orbital plane
◼ Protraction: the dental
arch is anteriorly placed
to the orbital plane
◼ Retraction: the dental
arch is posteriorly
placed to the orbital
plane
Simon Classification
30. ◼ The mid-sagittal plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
median palatine raphe
◼ Contraction: the dental arch
is nearer to the mid-sagittal
plane
◼ Distraction: the dental arch
is farther away from the
mid-sagittal plane
Simon Classification
