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H$aÊ`mMr JaO [S>V Zmhr, BVH§$ V{ T>iT>irV ñdÀN> Amh{.

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hm gmam BoVhmg AmoU h{ dV©mZ BV·`m odñVmamZ{ cjmV K{Ê`mM§ H$maU,
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gH$mamË_H$ Zmhr. H$maU `m ^mdZm§M§ gm_Ï`© h{ odÜd§gmË_H$ AgV§; g¥OZmË_H$

ZgV§. h{ Hw$Umcm oH$Vrhr H$Qy> dmQ>c§ Varhr gË` Amh{.
da C„{oIc{ë`m VrZ ]m]tMm `m [napñWVrÀ`m g§X^m©V odMma H{$cm Va hmVr
H$m` cmJV§Ÿ?
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R>mH$a|Mm C„{I _hmamï>mMm BoVhmg ocohVmZm H$amdm cmJ{c. ]mimgmh{]m§M{
doS>cm§er Mm§Jc{ g§]§Y hm{V{. ]mimgmh{] AmoU Ë`m§M{ dS>rc "Ÿà]m{YZŸ'H$ma R>mH$a{
h{ "Ÿà]m{YZŸ'H$mam§À`m _¥Ë`y[`ªV EH$Ì amhV. ]mimgmh{]m§M{ Zm{H$arV Pmc{c{
(E{oVhmogH$) _V^{X dJiVm AJm{Xa Hw$Umer Vrd« _V^{X Pmë`mM§hr BoVhmgmV
Z_yXm Zmhr. ]mimgmh{]m§Zr "Ÿ_mo_©H$Ÿ' gwê$ H{$cm Vm{hr Mm§Jc§ _Zm{a§OZ cm{H$m§Zm
X{Ê`mÀ`m CÔ{emZ{. EdT>§M Zìh{ Va, "Ÿ_mo_©H$Ÿ'À`m gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV g§[mXH$s`
od^mJmV H$m_ H$aV hm{Vm{ V{ odO` V|Sw>cH$a. V|Sw>cH$am§Zrhr "Ÿ_mo_©H$Ÿ' gm{S>c§ V{
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Zm{H$arV Amcm.) h{ CXmhaU, Q>m{H$mÀ`m d{Jù`m ì`oº$_ËdmM§ H$mMU§ dJ¡a{
]mimgmh{]m§Zm ZìhV§ h{ XmIdÊ`mg [wa{g§ Amh{. g§[mXH$ - ]mi R>mH$a{, g§[mXH$s`
od^mJmV - odO` V|Sw>cH$a. h{ ]è`mM OUm§Zm AmVm AV·`© dmQ>c§ Var V{ Vg§ V{ìhm
hm{V§ h{ Ia§`. h{ gJi§ BV·`m V[oecmV ocohÊ`mM§ H$maU åhUO{, àñWmo[V
ì`dñW{M{ àoVoZoYËd H$aUma{ Mma Im§] _mZc{ OmVmV; o[Vm, Y_©, g¡Ý` AmoU
gaH$ma. ì`dñW{cm _mZU§ AWdm ì`dñW{odéÕ ]§S> H$aU§ h{ `m Mma oZH$fm§da V[mgyZ
[mhm`cm hd§. Z_wÝ`mXmIc N>Ì[Vr oedmOr _hmamOm§M§ Am[U CXmhaU K{D$.
N>Ì[Vr oedmOr h{ H«$m§VXeu Z{V{ hm{V{. Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mV Ë`m§Zm `m Mmahr oZH$fm§da
àÀN>Þ dm àJQ> g§Kf© H$amdm cmJc{cm Amh{. chmZ[UrM _hmamOm§Zm doS>cm§[mgyZ
d{Ji§ ìhmd§ cmJc§. [wT>M§ g§[yU© Am`wî` _hmamO, dS>rc OJV Agc{ë`m àñWmo[V
Am`wî`mhÿZ d{Ji§ Ag§ odñWmo[V Am`wî` OJc{.
_hmamOm§Zr qhXdr ñdamÁ`mMm g§H$ë[ gm{S>cm V{ìhmMr [napñWVr Ü`mZmV
K{Ê`mOm{Jr Amh{. V{ìhm qhXy Y_© hm emgZH$Ë`mªMm Y_© ZìhVm. g§[yU© àñWmo[V
ì`dñW{da Bñcm_Mr [H$S> hm{Vr. Aem d{ir EH$m odñWmo[V Y_m©Mr [mR>amIU
_hmamOm§Zr H{$cr.
V{ìhmMr àñWmo[V gaH$ma§ åhUO{, àñWmo[V "ŸemømŸ'. oZOm_emhr,

AmoXcemhr, Hw$Vw]emhr AmoU _m{Jc. N>Ì[Vr oedmOr_hmamOm§Zr `m gdmªodéÕ
Vcdma C[gc{cr hm{Vr.
AmoU V{ìhmMr Or àñWmo[V g¡Ý`§ hm{Vr Ë`m§Zm Va N>Ì[Vr oedmOr_hmamOm§Zr
Ë`m§À`m _yR>^a _mdù`m§À`m Om{amda AmìhmZM oXc{c§ hm{V§. hr [napñWVrM BVH$s
]m{cH$s Amh{ H$s, N>Ì[VtZm Ë`m§À`m _¥Ë`yZ§Vahr gmS>{VrZe{ dfmªZr X{e H$m _mZVm{
AmoU _hmH$dr adtÐZmW R>mHw$am§Zmhr Ë`m§À`mda H$odVm H$m H$amdrer dmQ>cr V{ ñ[ï>
Amh{.
_amR>r _mUgm§]Ôc odMma H$aVmZm Ag§ oXgV§ H$s [wT>{ VrZ _amR>r _mUgm§Zr
`m Mma ì`dñWm§Vë`m EH{$H$m ì`dñW{er àH$Q> g§Kf© H{$c{. cm{. oQ>iH$m§Zr gaH$maer,
ñdm. gmdaH$am§Zrhr gaH$maer, Va S>m°. ]m]mgmh{] Am§]{S>H$am§Zr Y_m©er. (BW{ Y_©
`mMm AW© àñWmo[V - amÁ`H$Ë`mªMm Y_© Agm Amh{.) `m oVKm§Zrhr `m àH$Q> ]§S>mM{
[naUm_ ^m{Jc{. qH$_V MwH$dcr. da C„{oIc{ë`m Mmam§[¡H$s $º$ EH$m ì`dñW{er
g§Kf© H{$ë`mda H$m` qH$_V MwH$dmdr cmJV{ h{ `m oVKm§À`m (cm{H$_mÝ` oQ>iH$,
ñdmV§Í`dra gmdaH$a, S>m°. ]m]mgmh{] Am§]{S>H$a) Am`wî`mH$S>{ ZOa Q>mH$ë`mda
cjmV `{V§.
åhUO{ `m Mmahr ì`dñWm§odéÕ ]§S> H$aUmè`m N>Ì[Vr oedmOr _hmamOm§Zm
H$m{UË`m Ao¾oXì`mVyZ AmoU VmUm§VyZ Omd§ cmJc§ Ag{c h{ cjmV `{B©c.
`m [míd©^yrda ]mimgmh{]m§Zr oedg{Zm ñWm[Z H{$cr V{ìhm AmoU Z§Vahr
`mVë`m Hw$R>ë`mhr ì`dñW{odéÕ ]§S> Ë`mZm Ao^à{V ZìhV§. VÎdm§Ü`{ qH$dm
V[oecm§Ü`{hr ]mimgmh{]m§Zm H«$m§Vr A[{ojV ZìhVr. gÎmm CcWyZ Q>mH$Ê`mM§ dJ¡a{
ñdßZ ZìhV§ qH$dm ì`dñW{Vhr Am_ycmJ« [nadV©ZmM§ AmìhmZ-AmdmhZ ZìhV§.
gwédmVrcm ]cemcr gaH$magm{]V ]mimgmh{]m§Zr OwidyZ K{Vc§. gaH$ma CcWdyZ
oedg{Z{cm gÎmm o_idÊ`mMr ñdßZ§ H$Yr [S>cr ZmhrV. (Or hþHy$_emhm ohQ>cacm
[S>cr hm{Vr.) X{emÀ`m g¡Ý`m]Ôc ]mimgmh{]m§À`m _ZmV AmXaM hm{Vm. AmoU Á`m
Y_m©Mm [wH$mam H$ê$Z ]mimgmh{] C^{ amohc{ Vm{ ]è`mM AWmªZr X{emVcm àñWmo[V
AmoU gÎmmYmar Y_©M hm{Vm. Ë`m_wi{ oedg{Zm Ë`m AWm©Z{ AmH«$_H$ g§KQ>Zm _mZVm
`{V Zmhr. h{ oH$Vrhr Y¸$mXm`H$ dmQ>c§ Var gË` Amh{. Á`mcm Am[U AmH«$_H$
_mZVm{ Ë`mcm _yc^yV AmoU Am_ycmJ« [nadV©Z Ao^à{V Agmd§ cmJV§. _J V{ ew^§H$a
Agm{ dm ^`§H$a: V{ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmH«$_H$ _J gd©ñd [Umcm cmdV AgVm{. Am[c§
AmoU Am[ë`m eÌyM§hr.

]mimgmh{]m§Zr O{ìhm "Ÿ_mo_©H$Ÿ' Mmcy H{$cm V{ìhm dmñVd AmoU `m{Jm`m{Jm§À`m
o_lUmVyZ _amR>r _mUgm§da _w§]B©VM hm{Umè`m AÝ`m`mMm àíZ Ë`m§Zr hmVr K{Vcm.
"Ÿ_amR>r _mUgmÀ`m Ý`mæ` h¸$mgmR>rŸ' AerM oedg{Zm ZmdmÀ`m Am§Xm{cZmMr
Km{fUm hm{Vr. `m g§[yU© H$mcI§S>mV oedg{Z{Z{ VéUm§À`m Pw§S>r g§Kf© H$aÊ`mH$aVm
Cä`m H{$ë`m. [U _mZdr BoVhmgmV oddojV H$mcI§S>mV odoeï> àíZ C^{ H$m
amhVmV `mMm Im{cmV OmD$Z H$Yrhr odMma H{$cm Zmhr. _amR>r _mUgmcm
ñdV:À`mM ^yrda ñdV:À`m Ý`mæ` h¸$m§gmR>r H$m C^§ amhmd§ cmJc§ `mMr oedg{Z{Z{
AmoU _amR>r _mUgmZ{hr ZrQ>er H$maU_r_m§gm H{$cr Zmhr. Ë`m_wi{ oedg{Z{À`m
ñWm[Z{À`m d{iM{ àíZ _wimVyZ gwQ>U§ Va XyaM; [U hm{Vm hm{Vm V{ BVH{$ OoQ>c Pmc{
H$s, oedg{Z{À`m AmoU _amR>r _mUgmÀ`m Ü`{`Ym{aUm§daM Ë`m§Zr AmH«$_U H{$c§.
`m gmè`mM§ _m{R>§ A[l{` IwÔ ]mimgmh{]m§H$S>{hr OmV§. oedg{Z{À`m AZ{H$
odO`mM§ l{` Ë`m§Zm Úm`M§ Pmc§ Va h{ A[l{`hr Ë`m§ZmM Úmd§ cmJ{c.
]mimgmh{]m§Zr g§[yU© g§KQ>Z{V, Im{cda OmD$Z g_ñ`{Mm _wim[mgyZ Aä`mg
H$aÊ`mMr [a§[am éOyM oXcr Zmhr CcQ>[jr g_ñ`{M§ odíc{fU H$aU§, MMm© H$aU§,
Ë`mda Aä`mg H$aU§, odMma H$aU§ `m gmè`m àoH«$`{Mr ]mimgmh{]m§Zr d{im{d{ir
Q>dmirM H{$c{cr AmT>iV{. odMmad§Vm§Mr "ŸQ>miHw$Q>{Ÿ' Aer dm AemgmaIr
_mZI§S>ZmM oedg{Z{H$Sy>Z H{$cr J{cr. kmZ_mJm©M§ g{Z{cm dmdS>§ hm{V§. "Ÿcw§Jr hQ>mdŸ'
Am§Xm{cZm[mgyZ gwédmV H$am`Mr Pmcr Va EH$ gmYr dñVwpñWVr Ü`mZmV K{Vcr
[mohO{ H$s, 1977 gmcr (åhUO{ oedg{Zm ñWm[Zm AmoU `m Am§Xm{cZmÀ`m
XeH$mZ§Va) _hmamï> gaH$maZ{ [ohë`m§XmM AmoU EH$XmM _w§]B©Vë`m Pm{[S>[Q²>Q>çm§Mr
Jwá JUZm H{$cr. Ë`mV XmojUmË`m§[{jm o]hmar AmoU CÎma àX{er oH$VrVar OmñV
[Q>rZ{ Agë`mM§ AmT>iyZ Amc§. _yi AmOma Z em{YVm cjUm§da C[m` AmoU Vm{hr
dadaMm. `m H$m`©g§ñH¥$Vr_wi{ Pmc{c{ [naUm_ AmO Am[U [mhmVm{ Amhm{V. _w§]B©da
[aàm§oV`m§M§ AmH«$_U H$m hm{V§ Amh{ AmoU Ë`mMm ]§Xm{]ñV H$gm H$aVm `{B©c `mMm
oedg{Z{Z{ gIm{c Aä`mgM H{$cm ZìhVm. gdm}ƒ Z{V{ åhUyZ ]mimgmh{]m§Zr H$m`_
g_ñ`m§M§ gm{[{H$aU H{$c§. ]mimgmh{]m§Zr Aem àH$maM§ g_ñ`mM§ gm{[{H$aU H$aU§
[ohë`m g^{[mgyZ gwê$ H{$c§. _Ðmem§Zm hmH$cc§ H$s Zm{H$è`m§M§ àíZ gwQ>Vrc,
CÚm{J[VtZm [mqR>]m oXcm AmoU g§[ Z H{$c{ H$s gw]Îmm `{D$Z am{OJma dmT>{c,
dS>m[mdÀ`m JmS>çm Q>mH$ë`m H$s _amR>r VéU AmË_oZ^©a hm{B©c, A°åã`wcÝgM§ Omi§
C^§ amohc§ H$s, Amam{½` g{d{Vrc ì`dpñW` (Systemic) àíZ gwQ>Vrc, o]ëS>g©À`m

ghH$m`m©Z{ _w§]B©À`m Pm{[S>[Å>m§À`m OmJr B_maVr Cä`m amhÿZ Pm{[S>[Å>rdmog`m§Zm Ka§
o_iVrc, a{eqZJdaÀ`m dñVy dmOdr XamZ{ odVnaV H{$ë`m H$s, OrdZmdí`H$
dñVy§À`m Q>§MmB©M{ àíZ gwQ>Vrc, "Ÿìh°c|Q>mBZ S>{Ÿ' da ]ohîH$ma åhUO{ [aH$s`
g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m AmH«$_Umcm CÎma.. oedg{Zm g_W©H$m§Zm, oedg¡oZH$m§Zm ]mimgmh{]
]m{cc{ H$s, ""ŸAa{À`m, g_ñ`m BVH$s gm{[r hm{Vr VaŸ!'' Ag§ dmQ>V§. h{ ]mimgmh{]m§M§
g_ñ`{M§ gm{[{H$aU oedg{Z{M§ EH$ _m{R>§ ]cñWmZ Amh{. _m{R>§ [U AË`§V XwX£dr
]cñWmZŸ!
H$maU Aem àH$maM§ g_ñ`m§M§ gm{[{H$aU gm_mÝ` _mUyg H$aVm{M. "ŸdmO[{`r
Hw$R>{ MwH$c{Ÿ'[mgyZ V{ "Ÿ]we H$g§ J§S>dUma Amh{Ÿ' [`ªV oH$aH$m{irZ§ ]m{cUmè`m gm_mÝ`
_mUgm§er oedg{Zm EH$X_ Om{S>cr OmV{. [U oedg{Z{V Ë`m_wi{ g_ñ`{Mr Jw§VmJw§V
g_OyZ K{Ê`mMr AmñWm AmoU j_VmM Zï> Pmc{cr Amh{. Xwga§ åhUO{
]mimgmh{]m§À`m gmd©OoZH$ OrdZmV odMmad§Vm§Mm _mZ^§J H$aÊ`mZ{ (d¡`oº$H$
Am`wî`mV V{ Ë`m§À`mer _¡ÌrM§ ZmV§ R>{dyZ Agc{ Varhr) oedg¡oZH$m§gmR>r g_ñ`{À`m
_wimer OmD$Z CH$c H$aUma{ cm{H$ h{ "Ÿdm`$i MMm© H$aUma{ cm{H$Ÿ' R>aVmV. Ë`mVyZ
gXVrg dfm©Z§Va oedg{Z{Mr Aer em{H$m§oVH$m Pmc{cr Amh{ H$s, oedg{Z{H$S>{ O{ìhm
O{ìhm AmoU oOW{ oOW{ gÎmm Amcr oVW{ oVW{ oedg{Zm gmYr Zm{H$aemhrhr [H$S>rV
K{D$Z hcdÊ`mV g§[yU© A[`er R>acr. oedg{Z{M{ ZJag{dH$ V{ _§Ìr "ŸgaH$maŸ'
ZmdmMr ì`dñWm am]dVmZm Ajae: aS>Hw§$S>rcm `{VmV. Aa{ƒm, h{ ì`dñW{M§ MmH$
hcV§ H$g§Ÿ? g_ñ`m Hw$R>À`m MmdrZ{ gwQ>VmVŸ? Agm ^md AmoU ^` Ë`m§À`m _ZmV
AgV§. oedg{Z{Mr gÎmm O{ìhm amÁ`mV Amcr V{ìhm, ""Ÿ_cm AmD$Q>[wQ> AmoU naPëQ>
X{Umar _§Ìr "ŸAmdS>VmVŸ'Ÿ'' Ag§ E{H$Ê`mMr [mir IwÔ oedg{Zmà_wIm§daM Amcr.
(Xwgè`m ]mOycm odMmad§V AmoU ehmÊ`mgwaË`m åhUdUmè`m _mUgm§Zr AmoU
BVa [jm§Zr _amR>r _mUgmda H$mhr AÝ`m` hm{Vm{ Amh{ Ë`mMm odMma H$aU§M
Wm§]dc{c§ hm{V§ AmoU Amh{. `m]Ôc Iy[ ocohVm `{B©c. [U Vm{ d{Jù`m c{ImMm
odf` Amh{. hm àíZ V{ìhm $º$ oedg{Z{Z{ CMccm h{ _mÌ Ia§.) oedg{Z{Mr åhUyZ
AmVm àogÕ Agc{cr H$m`©[ÕVr Ë`m gm{[{H$aUmVyZ OÝ_mcm Amc{c{ g{dm^mdr C[m`
AmoU XwgarH$S>{ ^mg_mZ AmH«$_H$VmŸ!
oedg{Z{À`m gwédmVrÀ`m H$mim[mgyZ oedg{Z{Z{ Om{ Xamam AmoU ^` oZ_m©U
H{$c§, Vr oedg{Z{Mr AmH«$_H$Vm hr _yc^yV AmH«$_H$Vm ZìhVr. Á`m AmH«$_H$V{cm
ì`dñWmM CcWdyZ Q>mHy$Z H«$m§Vr H$am`Mr AgV{ Vr hr AmH«$_H$Vm ZìhVr Va hr

AmH«$_H$Vm ^mg_` AmH«$_H$Vm hm{Vr. Á`m AmH«$_H$V{wi{ ì`º$s Km]aV{, ì`dñWm
Zìh{. ì`dñWm $maVa pñWVrdmXr hm{V{. hc{Zmer hm{V{. [U oVÀ`mV H$mhrhr JwUmË_H$
]Xc hm{V Zmhr.
oedg{Z{À`m `m ^mg_mZ AmH«$_H$V{]Ôc OmUyZ K{Ê`mH$aVm Xwgar ]m] åhUO{
_hmamï>mVë`m _ZmMr KS>U OmUyZ K{Vcr [mohO{. H$maU Ë`mVyZM oedg{Z{Mm MmhVm
AmoU [moR>amIm dJ© oZ_m©U Pmcm. `m _amR>r _mZogH$V{cm OmUyZ K{Ê`mH$aVm EH$
g_[©H$ oH$ñgm dmMÊ`mgmaIm Amh{. 1946 gmcr H¥$îU _{ZZ `m§Zr 26 OmZ{dmarcm
EH$ g^m ]m{cmdcr hm{Vr. Ë`m g^{V AZ{H$ o]«oQ>e _§Ìr-ImgXma hOa hm{V{. (`m
g^{Mm C„{I à^mH$a Hw§$Q>|À`m AmË_MnaÌmV Amc{cm Amh{. H$maU V{ `m g^{cm hOa
hm{V{.) Ë`m g^{V H¥$îU _{ZZ `m§Zr AË`§V AmH«$_H$[U{ o]«oQ>em§Zm Vwåhr
gm_«mÁ`dmXr, aº$em{fH$ AmhmV dJ¡a{ gwZmdc§... da _mÂ`m X{emcm [mM hOma
dfmªMm BoVhmg Amh{, dJ¡a{hr gwZmdc§. h{ gJi§ Pmë`mda Ë`m g^{M§ AÜ`jñWmZ
Á`m§Zr ^yfdc§ hm{V§ V{ amÁ`emó AmoU AW©emómM{ JmT>{ Aä`mgH$ AmoU OmJoVH$
H$sVuM{ VÁk àm{. h°am°ëS> cmñH$s ]m{cm`cm C^{ amohc{. Ë`m§Zr OUy Ë`m ^mfUmV
^maVmM§ ^odVì`M H$mimÀ`m q^Vrda Ë`m g§Ü`mH$mir ocohc§. _yi ^mfU Iy[ _m{R>§
Amh{. [U Ë`mVcm Om{ Ë`m§Mm gdm©V _m{R>m Ym{·`mMm Bemam hm{Vm Vm{ _hmamï>mÀ`m
(Ia§ Va ^maVmÀ`mM) _mZogH$ OS>UKS>UrV g_yV© gmH$ma Pmcm. V{ åhUmc{ hm{V{,
"You may have and undoubtedly you have a great past. But
in the present days please have in mind that you are no where in
comparison with the other nations. Therefore do not develop this
psychology of arrogance of inferiority.''
oedg{Z{À`m CX`mcm H$maUr^yV Pmc{cm _amR>r _mUgmMm hm "Arrogance
of Inferiority' oedg{Z{Mmhr ñd^md ]Zcm. CÔm_[UmZ{ _mUg§ Am[ë`mcm
Km]aVmV. [U AI{a Ý`yZJ§S>mVyZ $º$ [am^d Zoe]r `{Vm{. àm. h°am°ëS> cmñH$s¨Zr
1946 gmcr ^maVmV Ý`yZJ§S>mVyZ CÔm_V{Mr amOH$s` g§ñH¥$Vr oR>H$oR>H$mUr
CX`mcm `{D$ eH{$c h{ oZ:g§oX½Y ^mî` H$ê$Z R>{dc{c§ hm{V§. CJmM Zmhr o]«oQ>em§Zr
^maVmda amÁ` H{$c§. Ë`m_wi{ Or ^mg_mZ AmH«$_H$Vm oedg{Z{Mr g§ñH¥$Vr ]Zcr Vr
Am[Um _amR>r _mUgmÀ`m Ý`yZJ§S>mVyZ `{Umè`m _wÔm_[UmMr hm{Vr. Ë`m_wi{M _amR>r
_mUyg [aàm§Vr`m§Mr g_ñ`m _wimVyZ gm{S>dy eH$cm ZmhrM. CcQ> _amR>r _mUgmMm
_w§]B©VM [aàm§Vr`m§Zr oZ:g§oX½Y [am^d H{$cm. _w§]B©V $º$ AÇ>mdrg Q>¸{$ _amR>r
_mUyg Cacm AmoU AmO oedg{Z{cmhr _w§]B©V [aàm§Vr`m§M§ g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r C^§

amhmd§ cmJc§.
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75 V{ 87 Xwgam Q>ß[m, 87 V{ 95 oVgam Q>ß[m AmoU 95 V{ [wT>{ hm Mm¡Wm Q>ß[m.
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