water analysis of water in pulp industries

1. ANALYSIS OF
WASTE WATER
TREATMENT
IN
PAPER & PULP
INDUSTRY

2. SUSHILA DEVI BANSAL COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
• Abhishek Kanungo
• Burhanuddin Bohra
• Husain Shakir
• Indrajeet Singh Chouhan
• Mohammad Bohra
• Parakram Singh Ranawat
• Vivek Mahajan
• Yash Mohan Choubey
MINOR PROJECT ON
WATER TREATMENT IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
SUBMITTED BY:- GUIDED BY :-
Mr. Suryansh Mandloi

3. Abstract
Pulp and paper mills are categorized as a core sector industry
and are the fifth largest contributor to industrial water pollution.
Pulp and paper production has increased globally and will
contribute to increase in the near future. For every tonne of
paper produced, these mills generate 220–380m3 of highly
coloured and potentially toxic wastewater. The pulp and paper
mill is a major industrial sector utilizing a huge amount of
lignocellulosic materials and water during the manufacturing
process, and releases chlorinated lignosulphonic acids,
chlorinated resin acids, chlorinated phenols and chlorinated
hydrocarbons in the effluent.

4. CONTENT:-
1) Abstract
2) Introduction
3) Influent
4) Waste Water Treatment
1.Preliminary Treatment
2.Primary Treatment
3.Secondary Treatment
4.Tertiary Treatment
5) Effluent
6) Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION
• The paper industry is the largest industry in India . Among world it ranks 20th
paper producing country. The pulp and paper industry converts wood or
recycled fibre into pulp and primary forms paper.
• The waste water was brought from“ Shri Niwas Board & Paper Pvt.
Ltd ” Dewas.
• First mechanical & then chemical method have been developed to
produce pulp from wood .
• Pulp and paper mills generate varieties of pollutants depending upon the
type of the pulping process. Combinations of anaerobic treatment processes
are found to be efficient in the removal of soluble biodegradable organic
pollutants.

6. Influent
Influent is a waste water or other liquid coming out from
industry and flows into reservoir, basin or treatment plant.
• Suspended Solids of 1160-1380mg/l.
• Total Dissolved Solids ranges from 1043-1293mg/l.
• BOD and COD varies 268 - 387 mg/l and 1110 –1272 mg/l.
(Standard data)
Ref:- waterworld.com research paper wastewater treatment pulp and paper industry

7. Results of analysis:-
• Odour :- very offensive, H2S like
• pH :- 6.1
• Total hardness as CaCO3 :- 2000 mg/l
• Chloride as Cl :- 9160 mg/l
• Suspended solids :- 6566 mg/l
• Dissolved solids :- 14104 mg/l
• Total solids :- 20670 mg/l
• Sulphate as so4 :- 6050 mg/l

8. Effluent
The water containing various contaminants which are removed
at waste water treatment plant. Effluent is the final product of
all treatment process and it can be discharge to a stream,
river, canal etc.
• pH varies 6.1 -7.3
• Suspended Solids 322-505 mg/l
• Total dissolved solids ranges from 807-984 mg/l
• BOD and COD ranges from 176- 282 mg/l and 799-1002 mg/l
respectively.
(Standard Data)

9. Average consumption
• For paper manufacture consumes large quantity of resource,
especially water and energy. It also requires large quantities of
raw materials and chemicals.
• 100 litre of fresh water are needed to make 1 kg of paper.
• 2.5 tons of wood are required to produce one ton of paper.

10. Krofta

11. Working principle:-
Air is dissolved under pressure in the liquid, which is then
released to atmospheric pressure in the floatation cell. As the
microscopic air bubbles come out of solution. They attached to
the suspended solids in the liquid, causing them to float to
surface forming a thick sludge. A special skimmer removes the
sludge with the help of patented ‘krofta’ spiral scoop & pours it
into the stationary centre section from where it is discharged by
gravity for either recycling or disposal.

12. Benefits of Krofta
• Very low retention time (as low as 3 min.).
• Total steel fabrication & negligible civil work facilitating
relocation, if needed.
• Very low space requirement, the units are stackable.
• Very high clarification effeciency of suspended solid 95-98%.
• Sludge from the krofta DAF has a solid content of 2-3 %
resulting into major advantages :
1. substantial reduction in size and cost of sludge dewatering
system.
2. lower sludge volume to be recycled to the aeration tank.

13. Physical Test
• Colour:-
Done by cobalt scale
• Odour test:-
Threshold Odour No.(Unit)
Done by Instrument
Result:-very offensive

14. Chemical test
• pH test:-
Done by titration
Universal pH indicator pH paper(regents)
Result= 6.2
• Total hardness:-
Done by titration
EDTA,EBT, Buffer solution (regents)
Result= 2000mg/L

15. • Total solids:-
Done by oven drying method
Suspended solids :- 6566 mg/l
Dissolved solids :- 14104 mg/l
Total solids :- 20670 mg/l

16. • Chloride test:-
Done by Titration
AgNO3,Nacl,aluminium hydroxide suspension, potassium
chromate(K2Cr2O4), hydrogen peroxide(regents)
Result 9160Mg/L
• Sulphate test:-
Done by titration
Isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, concentrated HCL,NaCl,
Barium chloride, sodium sulphate, distilled water
Result 6050 mg/L

17. This process is used in Shri Niwas Industry

18. Standard process is used for wastewater treatment for
drinking purpose.
Reference: www,wastewatertreatment.com

19. Preliminary Treatment
The purpose of preliminary treatment is to remove the floating
material (like as paper , pieces of rags , etc).The treatment
reduce the BOD of the waste water by about 15-30%.
Various units involved in preliminary treatment are as follows:-
1. Screening

20. Screening chamber

21. Primary Treatment (Physical)
Large suspended organic solids are removed by
primary treatment.
The physical unit operation in which application of
physical forces predominate, consist of following:-
1. Sedimentation
2. Flotation
3. Filtration

22. Sedimentation :- Sedimentation is the tendency
for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they
are entrained and come to rest against a barrier.
Flotation :- Dissolved Air Flotation is a process for removing
suspended particles from liquid by bringing particles to the
surface of the liquid.
Filtration :- The process of passing the water through the beds of
granular materials(filters) is known as filtration.

24. Secondary Treatment (Biological)
The Biological Treatment of water using a wide variety of
micro-organisms primary bacteria. These micro-
organisms convert biodegradable organic matter
contained in waste water into simple substance and
additional biomass.In this treatment two methods are
followed:-
1. Anaerobic Treatment
2. Aerated Lagoons

25. Anaerobic Treatment
• Anaerobic treatment is a process in which micro-
organisms break down biodegradable material in
the absence of air or oxygen.
• Anaerobic treatment occurs naturally in some
soils and in lakes in oceanic basin sediments.
• Anaerobic treatment used as a source of
renewable energy.

26. STAGES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

27. Aerated Lagoons
• An aerated lagoon or aerated basin is a holding or treatment
pond provided with artificial aeration to promote the biological
oxidation of wastewater.
• Aeration makes treatment more efficient, so that less land area
is necessary. Aerators can be used to allow existing systems to
treat more wastewater.

28. TERTIARY TREATMENT
• To remove specific waste water constituents that cannot be
removed by secondary treatment. Tertiary treatment is the final
cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is
reused, recycled or discharged to the environment.
• It involves:-
1. Membrane filtration techniques.
2. Ozone treatment

29. Conclusion
• The paper mill is growing fast and produces
different varieties of paper. The physio-chemical
characteristics of effluent from this mill revealed
that the effluent is light brown in colour, pH shows
alkaline nature of the effluent.

30. Thank
you.........