research contents and formats the basic one specially for architects.

1. Research
Contents and Formats

2. Research
Organization
a new university

3. Chapters and research structure
I. REASERCH
1. Introduction about the research….
i. Back ground, brief description about the research and case area
ii. scope,
iii. objective,
iv. research structure
v. Context …
2. Theory…literature reviews,
i. theoretical framework if there is any,
ii. theoretical conclusion
iii. Research question/s
3. Methods…techniques and methods employed on field for data generation
4. Case chapter…main body of the research,
5. Findings, implications and conclusion/ recommendation
i. Summary of the case chapter
ii. Theoretical implications
iii. Preliminary findings
II. DESIGN PROGRAM
III. PROPOSAL

4. Contents
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERATURE/ THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
2.1 EXISTING KNOWLEDGE
2.2 CRITIQUE OF THEORY
2.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3 METHODS
4 CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS
4.1 FIGURES AND TABLES
4.2 REFERENCING AND SOURCES
5 FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
BOOKS AND ANTHOLOGIES
JOURNAL ARTICLES, CONFERENCES AND NEWSPAPERS
DISSERTATION AND MASTER THESIS
WEB PAGE
APPENDICES

5. Abstract
• The Abstract should not be more than one page
and should be a summary of the thesis.
• The important aspects that the Abstract should
cover are
– Reasoning and context of the research,
– main research questions,
– main theoretical background,
– key findings and key implications for theory and
practice.

6. 1.Introduction
• Be sure to include a hook at the beginning of the
introduction.
• This is a statement of something sufficiently
interesting to motivate your reader to read the rest
of the paper, it is an important/interesting scientific
problem that your paper either solves or addresses.
• You should draw the reader in and make them want
to read the rest of the paper
• State the main research questions early in the
Introduction.

7. • A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why
the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract.
• Sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the
context and significance of the question you are trying to address.
• Proper acknowledgement of the previous work on which you are building.
Sufficient references such that a reader could, by going to the library, achieve a
sophisticated understanding of the context and significance of the question.
• The introduction should be focused on the thesis question(s).
• All cited work should be directly relevant to the goals of the thesis. This is not
a place to summarize everything you have ever read on a subject.
• Explain the scope of your work, what will and will not be included.
• A verbal "road map" or verbal "table of contents" guiding the reader to what
lies ahead.
• Is it obvious where introductory material ("old stuff") ends and your
contribution ("new stuff") begins?

8. 2. litrature/ Theoretical Perspective
– Existing Knowledge
• In this chapter, it is natural to discuss the theoretical perspective,
previous studies have used.
• Then go further to point out which ones may have relevance to your
study and why this is the case.
• So it may be that these perspectives should be renewed / are renewed,
and this must be described.
• And finally you might have a new perspective you will use in your
study.
• Conclude this section with the theoretical framework you will use for
your thesis
– Critique of Theory
– Theoretical Framework

9. 3. Methods
• In this chapter, you should first give a presentation of the kind of
knowledge/information is required for answering your research
questions and what kind of methodological approach this
requires.
• Argue for the selection of the case.
• Then discuss the method as it was planned before your field
work.
• Following this present the challenges you faced in the field and
then conclude with what changes were made to the method
finally.
• Make a clear presentation of what kind of information was
collected, from whom, how and include a list of interviewees,
dates etc in the appendix.
• It is also important to illustrate how you have ensured the
validity, reliability and rigor in the thesis.

10. 4. Case Study and Analysis
• This chapter should be used to present the case study in narrative form, using
the theoretical framework presented earlier.
• You may split the chapter into a Case Chapter and an Analysis Chapter if you
are doing complex analysis on the case material.
• If not, the analysis of the case information/data should be done in narrative
form.
• Use some good references on writing case studies (some examples are – Death
and Life of the Great American City(Jane Jacobs, 1961), Rationality and Power
(Bent Flyvberg, 1998),
• Arrival City (Doug Sanders, 2012) and see how the empirical material is used
in order to make arguments and ‘tell a story’.
• The case study should be presented in a structured form (one option is to
break it into sub headings based on the theoretical framework) and should
lead to the reader understanding the arguments behind the findings of the
research.

11. 5. Findings and Implications
• This chapter should be divided into two sections. One which gives the direct
findings from your case study.
• These should address your research questions and should be directly related
to the empirical questions.
• The second section should relate to what implications your findings have for
the theoretical body of knowledge you thesis is set in (use your theoretical
framework as a base and comment on it).
• In addition, there should be a discussion on what implications the findings
have for practice/planning/policy.
• The scale of the implications and the extent to which you want to develop them
may vary based on your topic as well as what you want to achieve with the
thesis. But be modest about what your thesis can claim to have the ‘answers’
and ‘solutions’ for.

12. Appendices
• Here you can include extra material that is
relevant for the thesis and material that can
be useful for a reader looking for details.
• Some examples are questionnaires,
interview schedules used, list of
interviewees, interview transcripts etc.

13. Research questions and methods
 Types…
 Empirical and normative
 Research methods…designs and types
 Mapping
 Cadaster maps
 GIS
 Peoples movements and interactions
 Day time….working areas
 Night time…resting and sleeping areas
 Networks and people to people interactions
 Interviews
 Open and qualitative questions
 Close and quantitative
 Reconnaissance
 Direct observation
 Photography
 Transact walk as a method for data collection
 Surveys
 Questionnaires
 Case study

14. Formats
• In the report, each chapter starts on a new
page.
• Use Times New Roman 12 pt in the text and
reference list, table headers etc.
• Use 1.5 spacing
• First order chapter headings are 14 pt bold
Ariel and second order is 12 pt Ariel
highlighted.