1) ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects children and leads to symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
2) These symptoms are present in everyone but are more predominant in individuals with ADHD.
3) Left untreated, ADHD can have negative impacts such as higher rates of smoking, substance abuse, antisocial tendencies, and an economic burden of over $30 billion in the United States each year.
6. Symptoms of inattention Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities Often doesn’t listen when spoken to directly Often forgetful in daily activities Quickly loses interest ADHD
7. Symptoms of hyperactivity Often runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate places Difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly Talks excessively Often fidgets with hands and feet or squirms in seats ADHD
8. Symptoms of impulsivity Can’t wait or delay his/her task Hard time in waiting for his/her turn Difficulty in repressing what they have to say Fearless because doesn’t think or worry about consequences Difficulty in raising hand and waiting to be called on Attracted to high risk behavior Answers without thinking ADHD
9. Secondary Symptoms Low self-esteem Poor social skills Poor organizational skills Needs instant gratification Easily over stimulated ADHD
10. Heredity This is the most common cause - 80% of cases Acquired Neurological Deficit injury to the developing brain during pregnancy, delivery or postnatal Probable causes of ADHD
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13. Worldwide Prevalence India 5.2 – 29% China 6.1 – 8.9% New Zealand 6.7% Australia 7.5 – 8.8% Canada 1.1 – 8.9 % Brazil 5.8% Holland 1.8 – 3.8% Germany 4.2%
14. Prevalence in Saudi Arabia KKUH Riyadh 12.6% Elementary Schools Dammam 16.7%
18. For a correct diagnosis all the following conditions must be met
19. There is no quick fix or cure for ADHD However a multimodal approach of medical, psycho-social, and educational interventions has the greatest effectiveness in treatment of ADHD symptoms Treatment
29. Work loss cost, adults & family members $U.S. 3.7 billion Healthcare of family members $U.S. 14.2 billion Patient’s healthcare costs $U.S. 12.1 billion ADHD Treatment $U.S. 1.6 billion Total: $31.6 billion Source : Birnbaum, et al. 2005. Excess Cost of ADHD
30. In billions of U.S. dollars drugs 58 ADHD 77 Annual Cost
31. Expenditure (direct cost) Payment (direct + indirect cost) Source : Swensen, et al. 2003. Increased Cost for Patients and Families
32. Low Cost of Treatment $U.S. per employment costs