Adrian Otto from Rackspace will present his perspective of "Docker 101", for Docker novices. Learn the difference between Dockerfiles, containers, running containers, terminated containers, container images, Docker Registry, and a demo of the Docker CLI that goes beyond what you learn from the online simulator.

1. Docker 101
Intro to Docker
Presented by: Adrian Otto
Prepared for: Docker Los Angeles
Date: August 20, 2014

2. Adrian Otto
• Principal Architect, Rackspace
• PTL, Solum
• Chair, OpenStack Containers Team
• Co-Chair, OASIS CAMP Technical Committee
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4. What is it?
• Docker Engine
– CLI
– Docker Daemon
– Docker Registry
• Docker Hub
– Cloud service
• Share Applications
• Automate workflows
• Assemble apps from components
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6. Cgroups Namespaces Image Docker
Container
Container
• Combines several things
– Linux Cgroups
– Kernel Namespaces
– Docker Image
– Has a lifecycle
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7. Linux Cgroups
• Kernel Feature
• Groups of processes
• Control resource allocations
– CPU
– Memory
– Disk
– I/O
• May be nested
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8. Linux Kernel Namespaces
• Kernel Feature
• Restrict your view of the system
– Mounts (CLONE_NEWNS)
– UTS (CLONE_NEWUTS)
• uname() output
– IPC (CLONE_NEWIPC)
– PID (CLONE_NEWPID)
– Networks (CLONE_NEWNET)
– User (CLONE_NEWUSER)
• Not supported in Docker yet
• Has privileged/unprivileged modes today
• May be nested
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9. Docker Image
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Base Image
Child Image
Grandchild Image
• NOT A FILESYSTEM
• NOT A VHD
• Basically a tar file
• Has a hierarchy
• Arbitrary depth
• Fits into the Docker Registry

10. Docker Registry
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Base Image
Child Image
Grandchild Image
• Git Repo Symantics
• Pull
• Push
• Commit
• Hierarchy

11. Cgroups Namespaces Image Docker
Container
Container
• Combines several things
– Linux Cgroups
– Kernel Namespaces
– Docker Image
– Has a lifecycle
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12. Dockerfile Base
Image
Docker
Container
Dockerfile
• Like a Makefile (shell script with keywords)
• Extends from a Base Image
• Results in a new Docker Image
• Imperitave, not Declarative
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13. Dockerfile Example
FROM centos
MAINTAINER aotto@aotto.com
RUN yum -y install openssh-server
EXPOSE 22
ADD start.sh /start.sh
CMD /start.sh
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14. Dockerfile Example
FROM adrian_server_with_ssh
MAINTAINER aotto@aotto.com
RUN yum -y install httpd
EXPOSE 22 80
ADD start.sh /start.sh
CMD /start.sh
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15. Docker Container Lifecycle
• The Life of a Container
– Conception
• BUILD an Image from a Dockerfile
– Birth
• RUN (create+start) a container
– Reproduction
• COMMIT (persist) a container to a new image
• RUN a new container from an image
– Sleep
• KILL a running container
– Wake
• START a stopped container
– Death
• RM (delete) a stopped container
• Extinction
– RMI a container image (delete image)
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16. Docker CLI Commands (v1.1.2)
attach Attach to a running container!
build Build an image from a Dockerfile!
commit Create new image from container's changes!
cp Copy files from containers fs to host!
diff Inspect changes on a container's fs!
events Get real time events from the server!
export Stream contents of container as tar!
history Show the history of an image!
images List images!
import Create new fs image from a tarball!
info Display system-wide information!
inspect Return low-level info on a container!
kill Kill a running container!
load Load an image from a tar archive!
login Login to the docker registry server!
logs Fetch the logs of a container!
port Lookup public-facing port!
pause Pause all processes within a container!
ps List containers!
pull Pull image or repo from docker registry !
push Push image or repo to docker registry!
restart Restart a running container!
rm Remove one or more containers!
rmi Remove one or more images!
run Run a command in a new container!
save Save an image to a tar archive!
search Search for an image in the docker index!
start Start a stopped container!
stop Stop a running container!
tag Tag an image into a repository!
top Lookup running processes of a container!
unpause Unpause a paused container!
version Show the docker version information!
wait Block and print exit code upon cont exit!
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Questions Before Demo?

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Demo

19. Demo
• Build an Image from a Dockerfile
• Manually tweak an image, commit, and start a new container
• Install patches in a container, and tag it as :latest
• Show different distros running on the same kernel
• Run a container using a different CMD than the built-in one
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